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	British ensigns - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Blue Ensign (dark blue field with the Union Flag in the upper canton) undefaced is worn masters of vessels in possession of a warrant issued by the Director of Naval Reserves, and by the members of certain yacht clubs.
		British government departments use a variety of blue ensigns defaced in the fly with the department badge, and colonial governments use blue ensigns defaced with the colonial badge.
		The RAF ensign is defaced with the red-white-blue RAF roundel, while the field of the civil air ensign is charged with a large dark blue cross fimbriated white.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=British_Naval_ensigns (1061 words)

	Learn more about Royal Navy in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Naval Service didn't really exist until the mid 17th century when the Fleet Royal was incorporated into the Government following the defeat of Charles I in the English Civil War.
		The incorporation of the royal navy was in contrast to the land forces, which are descended from parliamentary forces and hence are not royal.
		Naval supremacy was vital to the amphibious operations carried out, such as the invasions of West Africa, Sicily, Italy and Normandy.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /r/ro/royal_navy.html (707 words)

	British ensigns
		In British maritime law and custom, the ensign proper to a British ship is one of several flags with a red, white or blue field, with the Union Flag in the canton (the upper corner next the staff), known respectively as the red, blue and white ensigns respectively.
		Since the reorganisation of 1864, the white ensign (which is further distinguished by having St George's Cross upon the field) is used by the Royal Navy, while the red ensign is for the use of the Merchant Navy and all private craft.
		The blue ensign is the ensign of the Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) and of certain ships whose masters are officers in the RNR.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/british_ensigns (844 words)

	Encyclopedia: British Monarch
		The British monarch or Sovereign is the monarch and head of state of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories, and is the source of all executive, judicial and (as the Queen-in-Parliament) legislative power.
		Succession to the British throne is restricted by the Act of Settlement to Protestant descendants of Sophia, Electress of Hanover, with male heirs having precedence over females, and those who have married a Roman Catholic excluded, though there have been moves to amend these restrictions in recent years.
		A "ten minute rule" bill to overturn this restriction was introduced in the British House of Commons by Labour MP Kevin McNamara in 2001, and won a symbolic victory when forced to a vote, but did not become law.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/British-Monarch (1166 words)

	Royal Navy
		The Naval Service didn't really exist until the mid 17th century when the Fleet Royal was taken under Parliamentary control following the defeat of Charles I in the English Civil War.
		The incorporation of the royal navy was in contrast to the land forces, which are descended from variety of different sources including both royal and anti-royal parliamentary forces.
		Naval supremacy was vital to the amphibious operations carried out, such as the invasions of Northwest Africa, Sicily, Italy and Normandy.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/r/ro/royal_navy.html (916 words)

	HEARTS OF OAK
		By the middle of the seventeenth century there were three basic British naval flags: the Cross of St. George, the First Union Flag and the Red Ensign with the Cross of St.
		Naval tactics were becoming more sophisticated at this time and the division of battle fleets into squadrons led to the introduction of distinctive squadron ensigns.
		An ensign with horizontal red-white-red stripes and a small canton of the Cross of St. George was used briefly in 1702.
	tmg110.tripod.com /british1.htm (1070 words)

	German Navy Tactical Orders (Enemy Recognition Signals)
		British Destroyers and T. B.'s use special lights for the purpose of distinguishing themselves during darkness or fog.
		From an order issued to the British submarine E. 15 it appears that a two-letter recognition signal, made by searchlight or flashing lamp, and changing at 12 midnight, local time, is used.
		As recognition signals between enemy allied naval forces, red and white horizontal lights are shown at the foremast at night.
	www.gwpda.org /naval/gnto0400.htm (490 words)

	United Kingdom: history of the British ensigns
		As far as the introduction of plain ensigns is concerned: Prior to c1625 English Royal Naval Ensigns were striped in various colours (green and white, red, white and blue, gold, white, and blue etc.,) with a white canton and red Cross of St George (or occasionally with a Cross of St George overall).
		The exact date of introduction of the red ensign is slightly uncertain, however, it is known that the recommendation was made in 1625 and that the striped ensigns had become obsolete by 1630 (for warships).
		Henceforth the White Ensign was reserved to the Royal Navy, the Blue Ensign undefaced to the Royal Naval Reserve and defaced with the appropriate departmental or territorial badge to government service, and the Red Ensign to the 'merchant navy' (as the term is in Britain).
	www.fotw.net /flags/gb-enshs.html (2278 words)

	Definition of Royal Navy - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In addition, the Royal Navy was involved in enforcing the ban on the slave trade and the suppression of piracy.
		It was also vital in guarding the sea lanes that enabled UK forces to fight in remote parts of the world such as North Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Far East.
		Though a permanent RN presence in the Far East and Pacific regions has ended, the RN deploys a significant Naval Task Group (NTG) approximately every three years as part of the Five Powers Defence Arrangements (FPDA) which was signed by the governments of Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Royal_Navy (2209 words)

	Union Jack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		At the close of the Great Flag Debate of 1964, which resulted in the adoption of the Maple Leaf Flag as the Canadian national flag, the Parliament of Canada voted to adopt the Royal Union Flag as the symbol of Canada's membership of the Commonwealth and her allegiance to the Crown.
		Outside the UK itself, it is usually part of a special ensign in which the Jack is placed in the upper left hand corner of a blue field, with a signifying crest in the bottom right.
		This is not the equivalent of the ensigns of the other armed services, but is used at recruiting and military or sporting events, when the Army needs to be identified but the reverence and ceremonial due to the regimental flags and the Union Jack would be inappropriate.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/U/Union-Jack.htm (1738 words)

	The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire XXXVI
		Naval power of the Vandals, A.D. THE loss or desolation of the provinces from the Ocean to the Alps impaired the glory and greatness of Rome: her internal prosperity was irretrievably destroyed by the separation of Africa.
		Naval war of the Vandals, A.D. The kingdom of Italy, a name to which the Western empire was gradually reduced, was afflicted under the reign of Ricimer, by the incessant depredations of the Vandal pirates.
		The Italians, destitute of a naval force, which alone was capable of protecting their coasts, implored the aid of the more fortunate nations of the East, who had formerly acknowledged in peace and war the supremacy of Rome.
	www.ccel.org /g/gibbon/decline/volume1/chap36.htm (14829 words)

	United Kingdom: ensigns
		The seniority of the Ensigns was set in 1653 and was not altered by the Order in Council of 1864, as first Red, second White and third Blue.
		The colonial blue ensign, defaced with a modified version of the state arms on a disc was official for all purposes at sea.
		The State ensign and Civil ensign were the same as the (old) national flag, itself a derivative of the blue ensign.
	flagspot.net /flags/gb-ensig.html (1657 words)

	South Africa Naval Flags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The new SA Naval Ensign is the same as that used previously except the new SA national flag is in the canton and the badge of the Navy no longer appears in the fly.
		It was the third version of the SA Naval Ensign which comprised the former SA flag in the canton with a green Scandinavian cross on a white background in the proportion 1:2 in use between 1952-1959.
		The new naval ensign was carried for the first time at a Defence Force parade held in Pietersburg on 11 November 1994 and hoisted on the Ensign Staff of naval vessels at noon on the same day.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/za-navy.html (3391 words)

	Military & Paramilitary Flags of Singapore (Page 1)
		The Naval Ensign is flown either near the mast or at the stern (rear) of a vessel, never on the bow.
		The British Royal Navy's Naval Jack, White Ensign (Naval Ensign), and the Royal Navy's Masthead Pennant (Commission Pennant) is to be flown by all war vessels of the Royal Navy.
		The Colonial Royal Naval Volunteer Reserves of the empire were initially not entitled to wear the White Ensign, except in the situations where they are deployed in service of the empire outside of their territorial waters, as directed under the Colonial Defence Act of 1931 or as authorised by the Admiralty to do so.
	www.geocities.com /inescutcheon/FlagsMilitary.HTML (12226 words)

	Royal Navy Article, RoyalNavy Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Naval supremacy was vitalto the amphibious operations carried out, such as the invasions of Northwest Africa, Sicily, Italy and Normandy.
		Prior to this, the main RNcontribution to the UK's vital presence in the region was provided by the Armilla Patrol which continues, and is made up of a single escort vessel and a supporting RFA vessel.
		Thougha permanent RN presence in the Far East and Pacific regions has ended, the RNdeploys a significant Naval Task Group (NTG) approximately every three years as part of the FivePowers Defence Arrangement which was signed by the governments of Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore and the UK.
	www.anoca.org /battle/war/royal_navy.html (1258 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		That British frigate—which was carrying despatches telling of the British withdrawal—put up a fierce and skillful fight which enabled her to escape from her substantially more powerful American opponents.
		At that time, the British naval flag in use on American waters was the "White"-a white field with the Union Jack employed as a canton.
		Her appearance is described in a British Intelligence Service dispatch of January 4, 1 776: "This day about one o'clock sailed the Alfred and the ship, Columbus, with two brigs.
	www.kimber.org /flag/Gallery/GUF/Alfred (2023 words)

	United Kingdom: ensigns
		In its original form the Red Ensign came into use as the Civil Ensign of England c1650 (having been previously adopted by the English Royal Navy in 1625), and received official sanction as such in a Royal Proclamation of 18 September 1674.
		As far as is known the Scottish merchant marine also flew a red ensign (although charged with the cross of St Andrew), but this came to an end with the Act of Union of 1707, after which the Civil Ensigns of both countries were charged with the Union Flag.
		The Head of Naval Law Branch wrote that the Admiralty had no objection, and that it was in any case not clear that the Admiralty had any say in the matter as Section 73 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1894 provided for the sovereign to issue warrants authorising flags.
	flagspot.net /flags/gb-ensr.html (2245 words)

	Duane Fowler Decals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Naval Ensigns and Jacks of the USSR and CIS republics
		This decal set represents naval ensigns and jacks of the USSR and the Commonwealth of Independent Countries made up of the former Soviet republics.
		Naval Ensigns and Jacks of Russia and the USSR
	www.steelnavy.com /DecalFowler.htm (357 words)

	Flag articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		On February 27th, 1967, the British colonies of St Kitts-Nevis and Anguilla, in the Windward chain of the Caribbean Antilles, were granted limited independence from Britain in the form of Associate Statehood, with ministerial government and an appointed governor.
		Recognising the might of the British navy of the time, he further designed an imperial naval jack for use by the Russian navy that was based on the British jack.
		The British naval jack, "The Union Jack", is, of course, the de facto national flag for the United Kingdom, although interestingly it has no such status in law.
	home.intranet.org /~miche/jamesdignan/writingpages/flag.html (5087 words)

	Sizes/Proportions of U.S. flags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		An 1818 circular from the Board of Naval Commissioners set the dimensions of the national ensign for the Navy at 14:24, which is a little longer than 10:17.
		The 1862 "Allowances Established for Vessels of the United States Navy" explicitly state that "the whole depth of the ensign is to be ten-nineteenths of its whole length," the earliest prescription I've seen of the current 10:19 specification.
		14 sizes of ensigns are prescribed by the allowances, the largest being 19 x 36 feet with a 14.4 foot union.
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/us-size.html (897 words)

	RG45: Records of the Chief of Naval Operations, 1887-1945.
		The creation of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations by a naval appropriations act of March 3, 1915 (38 Stat 928), was the culmination of efforts made by the Congress and the Secretary of the Navy to bring more efficient administration to the Navy Department.
		The Office of Naval Intelligence was transferred to the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy in 1890 but was returned to the Bureau of Navigation in April 1898.
		In June 1918 a Historical Section was organized in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations under the direction of Rear Adm. William Kimball and was composed primarily of staff detailed from the Office of Naval Intelligence.
	www.history.navy.mil /library/guides/rg45-cno.htm (9024 words)

	Indian Navy Flags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Indian Naval Crest consists of the Ashoka emblem, a foul anchor and a shield, and is in navy blue colour.
		Though the Indian war ensign is still a white ensign, it now features the national emblem, the Ashoka emblem with the three lions standing on a platform containing a chakra, a horse and a bull.
		A commodore's broad pennant is made according to a similar pattern, with the Indian Naval Crest and one star (ratio 1:2), all on a white field bordered in navy blue.
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/in^nav01.html (391 words)

	school uniform -- English military schools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		British seamen were traditionally trained aboard ships in a kind of on the job training.
		William and Mary a naval hospital at Greenwich for the sick and handicaped resulting from the wars with France's expansion minded Louis XIV.
		In 1869 the Hospital was closed, and in 1873 the complex of buildings became the Royal Naval College, where staff officers from all over the world came to train in the naval sciences.
	histclo.hispeed.com /schun/type/mil/eng/mse-navy.html (1504 words)

	US Flag Special Shape Hot Air Balloon presents the United States Flag and how it has changed through 225 years.
		It has 13 alternate red and white stripes and the British Union Jack in the upper left-hand corner (the canton).
		The proportions of the U.S. flag are almost the same as those of British naval ensigns in the 1770's.
		They attained this rather strange proportion because the table of sizes, issued by Samuel Pepys, Secretary of the Admiralty in 1687, laid down that flags should be made a yard long for every breadth of bewper (bunting) used in their construction.
	www.usflagballoon.com /usflagthrutime.htm (1193 words)

	Robert Blake (admiral) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		When the English Civil War broke out during the period of the Long Parliament, and having failed to be re-elected, Blake began his military career on the side of the parliamentarians despite having no substantial experience of military or naval matters.
		As well as being largely responsible for building the largest navy the country had then ever known, from a few tens of ships to well over a hundred, he was first to keep a fleet at sea over the winter.
		He developed new techniques to conduct blockades and landings; his "Sailing instructions" and "Fighting Instructions", which were major overhauls of naval tactics written while recovering from injury in 1653, were the foundation of English naval tactics in the age of sail.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/R/Robert-Blake-(admiral).htm (1340 words)

	World War II: New Zealand
		The Royal New Zealand Navy used the British naval ensign until 13 June 1968.
		In 1968 a separate New Zealand naval ensign was introduced.
		The flag of New Zealand, ensign of New Zealand, vexillology, flags and ensigns.
	www.flags.net /old/WWIINWZL.htm (85 words)

	Naval Alamo
		The British in Malaya and Singapore were fearful that the convoy in the Gulf of Siam indicated a possible Japanese landing on the Malay Peninsula.
		Code-named "ABDA" for "American, British, Dutch, and Australian" forces, its responsibility for defense included the Dutch East Indies, Burma, the Philippines, the South China Sea, and the northeastern segment of the Indian Ocean.
		That evening she along with the British destroyer STRONGHOLD was overhauled by forces belonging to the Main Body of the Japanese Southern Force.
	www.asiaticfleet.com /javasea.html (12890 words)

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