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	Royal Regiment of Artillery
		The Royal Regiment of Artillery, generally known as the Royal Artillery (RA), is, despite its name, a corps of the British Army It is made up of a number of regiments.
		On 1 July 1899, the Royal Artillery was divided into two groups: the Royal Horse Artillery and Royal Field Artillery comprised one group, while the coastal defence, mountain, siege and heavy batteries were split off into another group named the Royal Garrison Artillery.
		The Royal Artillery's traditional home is Woolwich, in south east London but much of their training activity takes place on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/royal_regiment_of_artillery (1096 words)

	British Royal Horse Artillery : Artillery : organisation : history : ammunition : Napoleonic Wars : Ranges : Crews : ...
		The main role of the horse artillery was to give heavy-gun support to cavalry units, but the RHA was also used to great effect while placed with infantry in more static roles such as Waterloo.
		The RHA was one of the most-used British units in the Napoleonic Wars collecting 19 battle honours and won much acclaim for its courage and skill under heavy enemy fire.
		Another major British invention was the Congreve Rocket, which would shoot a barrage of 12-pounder explosives in the general (hopefully) direction of the enemy.
	www.napoleonguide.com /artillery_britain-royal-horse.htm (643 words)

	British Artillery in World War 2
		Artillery Communications - indirect fire artillery is totally dependent on effective and efficient communications and field artillery used all the normal facilities plus its own special methods.
		There is also a list of all types of field artillery regiments of Australia, Britain Canada, Colonial Territories, India and New Zealand, outlining their origins, where and when they served and the formations they were with.
		Although it's not indirect fire and the methods were very different, anti-tank artillery was the province of field artillery.
	members.tripod.com /~nigelef (748 words)

	NPS Interpretive Series: Artillery Through the Ages
		English field artillery of the day had "brigades" of four to six cannon, and each piece was supplied with 100 rounds of solid shot and 30 rounds of grape.
		John Muller's Treatise on Artillery, the standard English authority, was republished in Philadelphia (1779), and British artillery was naturally a model for the arm in America.
		The great reform in French artillery began in 1765, although Gribeauval was not able to effect all of his changes until he became Inspector General of Artillery in 1776.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/source/is3/is3a5.htm (1105 words)

	[No title]
		In 1793, the Royal Horse Artillery was formed to provide greater mobility in the field, and soon became associated with the role of supporting cavalry.
		The science of artillery grew rapidly under the pressure of the Industrial Revolution and by the end of the 19th century, the need for indirect fire brought major changes.
		The Great War of 1914-18 was to prove an artillery war, and the number of gunners increased dramatically, serving 6,655 guns by the end of the war, with anti-aircraft (AA) guns joining in against the new threat from the air.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Flats/6804/47.html (1024 words)

	The History of the Royal Irish Artillery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Royal Irish Artillery’s involvement in the American War for Independence, although brief, was a part of the largest Artillery campaign to-date in North America.
		The Royal Irish Artillery was not brought to North America as a distinct unit, but as drafts for the British Royal Artillery during Lt. General John Burgoyne’s New York campaign of 1777.
		The uniforms of the Royal Irish Artillery during the time of the AWI followed the coloring standards of the British Royal Artillery from the same time.
	www.royalirish.com /history.html (327 words)

	The History of the Royal Irish Regiment of Artillery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		As soon as the drafts boarded the Royal George, they began to be paid as Artillerists of the British Royal Artillery instead of the Royal Irish Artillery.
		But over that winter, the British Artillery's warm feelings begin to fade as the Germans prove repeatedly during firing exercises that they are more proficient with their guns than the British.
		September the Artillery was of infinite use; and a brigade commanded by Capt. Jones, with Lieutenants Hadden and Reid, was particularly engaged, and maintained their post to the last, although in doing it every man, except five, was either killed or wounded.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~ptmurray/RIA/hist_paper.html (3754 words)

	The Royal Regiment of Artillery, 1914-1918
		The war of 1914-18 was an artillery war: artillery was the battle-winner, artillery was what caused the greatest loss of life, the most dreadful wounds, and the deepest fear
		The British artillery had three sections, all parts of the Royal Regiment of Artillery and each playing a distinct role.
		The most numerous arm of the artillery, the RFA was responsible for the medium calibre guns and howitzers deployed close to the front line and reasonably mobile.
	www.1914-1918.net /cra.htm (183 words)

	Artillery; The Nine Mile Snipers
		The Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery was granted the Battle Honour, by His Majesty King George VI, in January 1950 (it is not a Battle Honour for the engineers).
		The knife had a number of uses; the blade was for cutting loose horses which became entangled in the head and heel ropes of the picket lines, and the spike of the knife was used as a hoof pick, for the removal of stones from horses hooves.
		The history of the Royal Regiment of Artillery is the history of the British Army.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-army-today/arty.htm (1762 words)

	Royal Artillery History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Royal Regiment of Artillery has operated in its existence everything from light cannon, to huge siege pieces, through to the end of the Cold War and Nuclear Weapons, and now onto the realm of smart munitions and the MLRS.
		Today the Royal Regiment of Artillery is combined with the Royal Horse Artillery to form the Royal Artillery.
		A royal warrant established the Royal Garrison Artillery as a separate Corps from Royal Horse Artillery and Royal Field Artillery, and decided that it was to man the Coast Defence Units, the Mountain Batteries, and the Heavy and Siege batteries.
	www.wohnungs-suche.com /Raa/info/History2.htm (2088 words)

	Siege of Tobruk [Australian War Memorial]
		The Allied garrison, largely Australian, consisted of 9 Division (20, 24 and 26 Brigades), the 18 Brigade of 7 Division and four regiments of British artillery.
		The Royal Navy and the RAN service kept the garrison supplied by means of the "Tobruk ferry" which included the Australian destroyers Napier, Nizam, Nestor and Vendetta.
		These two members of the 2/13th Field Company, Royal Australian Engineers assisted in the making of the first "Rats of Tobruk" medals from bomb splinters.
	www.awm.gov.au /encyclopedia/tobruk/index.htm (305 words)

	Canadian Genealogy and History Links - British Columbia
		1881 and 1891 Census of Vancouver Island Searchable database for the 1881and 1891 census of Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands of British Columbia.
		Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986 An historical overview of electoral activities in the Province of British Columbia during the 115 year period from 1871 to 1986.
		CPR Employees in British Columbia in 1884 CPR Employees in 1884.
	www.islandnet.com /~jveinot/cghl/british-columbia.html (3115 words)

	The 60th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery
		The 60th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery was a Territorial Army unit from Lincolnshire.
		One of the batteries (237) was based at the Old Barracks in Lincoln and the other one (239, later changed to 238) had its depot in Augusta Street, Grimsby.
		The badge of the Royal Artillery bears the word "Ubique"--the Latin word for "everywhere".
	60thfieldregiment.tripod.com (297 words)

	Vittoria
		British medium cavalry brigades may breakdown into cavalry skirmisher stands.
		The Portuguese cavalry brigades and Long’s British Cavalry Brigade are mounted as linear stands.
		The British heavy cavalry brigade moves as "cavalry" rather than "heavy cavalry" despite its rating.
	homepages.paradise.net.nz /mcnelly/vb/oob/vittoria.htm (1140 words)

	Hammond Innes, Ralph -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He worked on the staff of the newspaper Financial News from 1934 to 1940 and was in the British Royal Artillery from 1940 to 1946.
		With John Gielgud and Laurence Olivier, he was considered one of the greatest British actors of his generation.
		British poet Ralph Hodgson is noted for his simple and mystical lyrics that express a love of nature and a concern for humanity's alienation from it.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9039072 (697 words)

	City of Petersburg "MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM PHILLIPS"
		At the age of sixteen he was enrolled into the Royal Artillery Academy at Woolwich, England as a Gentleman Cadet.
		With the outbreak of hostilities between the American Colonies and England, Phillips was promoted to Major General of Artillery he was transferred to North America to command all artillery in the Provinces of Canada.
		The circumstances for the British prisoners, was terrible at best, and Phillips was constantly engaged in attempts to clothe, feed, and house his troops.
	www.petersburg-va.org /revwar/phillips.htm (1209 words)

	Bergen-Belsen
		Members of the British Royal Artillery 63rd Anti-Tank Regiment liberated Belsen on April 15, 1945, and arrested its commandant, Josef Kramer.
		At first the SS guards were made to collect and bury the bodies, but eventually the British had to resort to bulldozers to push the thousands of bodies into mass graves.
		The camp’s SS commandant, Josef Kramer, known as the "Beast of Belsen" was tried and found guilty by a British military court and was subsequently hanged.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Holocaust/Belsen.html (940 words)

	Royal Regiment of Artillery [UK]
		Royal Artillery in Australia, by B and M Chapman.
		Field Artillery Regiments of the Royal Artillery in World War Two, by Nigel Evans.
		VCs in the Royal Artillery Museum, Woolwich, by Iain Stewart.
	www.regiments.org /regiments/uk/art-eng-sig/RA.htm (1215 words)

	British Napoleonic Artillery
		British Artillery during the Battle of Waterloo including the Royal Horse Artillery including Captain Ramsey's battery and Captain Mercer, shown in historical military prints published by Cranston Fine Arts.
		Through the driving rain, Captain Merver (G, troop Royal Horse Artillery), riding his charger Cossack leads his battery to the ridge of Mount Saint Jean on the eve of the Battle of Waterloo.
		The painting shows a gun team of the Royal Horse Artillery with wounded soldiers on the Limber during the retreat to Corunna in the winter of 1808-1809, during the Peninsula War.
	www.battle-of-waterloo.com /british_artillery.htm (776 words)

	Royal Regiment of Artillery
		The Royal Regiment of Artillery is a corps of the British Army, providing air defence, fire support and surveillance and target acquisition.
		Despite the name, it is made up of many regiments.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/br/British_Royal_Artillery.html (61 words)

	Military Prints , Royal Artillery
		We will be releasing 10 new Simkin reprints shortly, if you would like the Royal Artillery to be one of them (image size 9" x 12", price £12) e-mail us at military@military-art.com requesting to be notified of 19th Hussars by Simkins release.
		The Adventures of Serjeant Benjamin Miller, whilst serving in the 4th Battalion of the Royal Regiment of Artillery 1796 to 1815.
		The author of these memoirs was born on 2 April 1776 and enlisted in the Royal Artillery on 9th December 1795 for 'unlimited service'.
	www.regimental-art.com /royal_artillery.htm (1758 words)

	Today in Technology History - Jun 3
		At the age of 18 he received a commission in the British royal artillery, and he remained in active military service for more than four decades, eventually reaching the rank of lieutenant-general.
		He received a pathetic stipend from the British government in 1814, which actually hurt rather than helped because it caused him to be passed over for promotions.
		for a longer biography of Henry Shrapnel, including a description of two helpful suggestions he made as the British were retreating from Dunkirk in the 1790s.
	www.tecsoc.org /pubs/history/2002/jun3.htm (335 words)

	Armed Forces - a6a7 - British Army - Royal Artillery - Javelin
		Javelin, now fully replaced in Regular units by HVM, was the British Army's successor to Blowpipe, and is currently in service with three TA Regiments in the UK.
		The greatest advantage is that it is now SACLOS (BR) (Semi-Automatic to Command Line of Sight) (Beam Rider) guided, and all the operator has to do is keep the aiming mark on the target, leaving the guidance system to do the rest.
		Target practice during Javelin testing in 1985, presented the British Army with a problem regarding the numbers of available target drones.
	www.armedforces.co.uk /army/listings/l0049.html (286 words)

	Royal New Zealand Artillery [NewZealand]
		Lineage of the Royal New Zealand Artillery, by Livefiring
		Note: The RNZA inherited from the British Royal Artillery the tradition of the motto "Ubique" being an all-encompassing battle honour in lieu of individual battle honours.
		Note: The RNZA inherited from the British Royal Artillery the tradition of the guns being the "Colours".
	www.regiments.org /regiments/newzealand/art-eng-sig/RNZA.htm (334 words)

	Cyndi's List - U.K. - Military
		For those researching the Royal New Zealand Fencibles, a corp of retired soldiers from Britain and Ireland who arrived in Auckland, New Zealand 1847-1852 and formed the defence force which protected the early settlers of Auckland.
		For British men and women who were born, married, died, served in the Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, Royal Marines, the British Army, were residents on the island, or in some manner are connected with Malta.
		The Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment (Berkshire and Wiltshire) ;
	www.cyndislist.com /miluk.htm (4706 words)

	First World War.com - Vintage Photographs - Artillery
		Artillery at the Officers' Training Camp, Plattsburg, N.Y. Moving artillery in the Alps
		British soldiers hoisting the shell for a giant gun
		Anzac artillery in the Battle of the Somme, 1916
	www.firstworldwar.com /photos/artillery.htm (457 words)

	JoeSalter.com - Details for Pattern 1853 British Artillery
		This is a fine example of a British issue artillery carbine of the Enfield series.
		This is the model made in Liege, Belgium under contract with the British Board of Ordnance.
		This was the standard carbine of Royal Artillery from the late l850's to the late l860's and used by the British throughout their colonies.
	www.joesalter.com /detail.php?f_qryitem=1421 (172 words)

	NATO Artillery
		British Royal Artillery regiments, part of NATO's KFOR Forces in Kosovo.
		Royal Artillery regiments are shown in military art paintings by David Rowlands.
		Personnel from the Joint Helicopter Support Unit controlling a 105mm Light Gun lift, with Boeing HC2 Chinook helicopters of the Royal Air Force, as part of the Implementation Force in the former Republic of Yugoslavia.
	regimental-art.com /nato_artillery.htm (731 words)

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