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Topic: British Salonika Army

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	British Army - ARRSEpedia
		The Army had learned from the harsh lessons taught to it during the Boer War and reforms in training had been introduced which meant that, man-for-man, the British soldiers of 1914 were probably the best in Europe.
		Believing that the French Fifth Army and the BEF were beaten, von Kluck decided to wheel east rather than west of Paris, thus exposing his flank to a counter-attack which duly took place on 5 September.
		As the United Kingdom is increasingly consumed by the European Union, the future of the British Army as an autonomous entity is uncertain.
	www.arrse.co.uk /wiki/British_Army (1944 words)

	British Salonika Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The British Salonika Army was formed in Salonika in October 1915 to oppose Bulgaria n advances in the region.
		The army was originally commanded by General Sir Charles Monro, who had taken over command of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force in the last stages of the Gallipoli campaign.
		Army Corps of Music The ACM is one of the largest single employers of musicians in the world, over 1100 musicians in twenty nine bands of the Regular Army.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-British_Salonika_Army.html (551 words)

	Salonika Army History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		British formations held the area east of the Vardar River, the trenches west of Lake Doiran and patrolled the malarial Struma Valley to the east.
		British troops remained in Greece for some time, and some units were sent to South Russia as the Army of the Black Sea in 1919 to fight alongside the Tsarist White Russian forces against the Bolsheviks.
		The Salonika campaign was characterised by the high incidence of disease (especially malaria), which resulted in nearly 481,000 non-battle casualties which sapped the strength and morale of an already poorly supplied army.
	www.national-army-museum.ac.uk /pages/First%20world%20war/salonika.html (692 words)

	British Royal Navy - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about British Royal Navy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Alfred the Great established a navy in the 9th century, and by the 13th century there was already an official styled ‘keeper of the king's ships’.
		Meanwhile the navy had been the means by which the British Empire extended round the world from the 17th century.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /British+Royal+Navy (442 words)

	The Allies Strike Back 1916 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		If, however, Birdwood thought that his army was to get some well deserved rest, he was mistaken as, although the Bulgarian Army observed their country’s surrender, the Austrians had not and were already invading Bulgaria, from across the Serbian border, to the north of Sofia.
		Soon, as the Serb Army began to spread out, forming up for battle, it soon became apparent to the Serbs that the Austrians were, not only to their front, but were positioned on their flanks as well.
		The ANZAC Army, though, quickly followed the Austrian retreat, but several rearguard encounters with the Austrians ensured that the ANZAC Army was slowed enough to ensure that the Austrians had established their new defences along the Morava River.
	www.changingthetimes.co.uk /samples/ww1/allies_strike_back_1916.htm (5120 words)

	balkanalysis.com - Military Operations Macedonia: The Official British History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Although obviously reflecting the British point of view and largely devoted to the British contributions to the war, Military Operations Macedonia analyzes throughout the moves and counter-moves of all the other players in the field, including the French, Italians, Greeks, Germans and Bulgarians.
		British soldiers in the Strumica area, devastated by the cold, are outfitted in uniforms that are so frozen they “split like boards,” and have to stay walking all night just to stay alive (p.
		That the British government had not followed this line of reasoning is true; nevertheless their scruples had had the same effect.
	www.balkanalysis.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=522 (2914 words)

	Zeppelins over Salonika (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Unused PPC with a panoramic view of the Gulf of Salonika, the town itself and the hills of Bulgaria and Serbia behind.
		The wreckage of the LZ-85 in the swamp at the mouth of the River Vardar.
		British engineers set to work to reconstruct the frame of the Zeppelin, so that the structure could be analysed.
	www.tughranet.f2s.com /postcard/robertso/zeppelin.htm (800 words)

	The Allies Strike Back 1916
		If, however, Birdwood thought that his army was to get some well deserved rest, he was mistaken as, although the Bulgarian Army observed their country’s surrender, the Austrians had not and were already invading Bulgaria, from across the Serbian border, to the north of Sofia.
		Soon, as the Serb Army began to spread out, forming up for battle, it soon became apparent to the Serbs that the Austrians were, not only to their front, but were positioned on their flanks as well.
		The ANZAC Army, though, quickly followed the Austrian retreat, but several rearguard encounters with the Austrians ensured that the ANZAC Army was slowed enough to ensure that the Austrians had established their new defences along the Morava River.
	www.changingthetimes.net /samples/ww1/allies_strike_back_1916.htm (5120 words)

	Hitler's speech to the Reichstag, Berlin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The main striking strength of this army lay in its right wing, which was to force a passage through to Salonika by using mountain divisions and a division of tanks; second, to thrust forward with a second army with the object of establishing connection as speedily as possible with the Italian forces advancing from Albania.
		In conjunction with this, a German army corps was to occupy the Banat on the tenth.
		The object of this army was to attack Germany from the south, inflict a defeat upon her, and from this point as in 1918 turn the tide of the war.
	www.humanitas-international.org /showcase/chronography/speeches/1941-05-04.html (4724 words)

	Official histories 1914-18 MAPS
		By the end of February 1916, British reconnaissance forces were advancing into the desert east of the Canal, the Qatiya area was clear of Turks, and Maule’s topographical parties, protected by Yeomanry and the Camel Corps, began to extend the 1:15,000 survey.
		The British advances extended the survey possibilities, and a programme was approved including the triangulation and detailed survey of the banks of the Shatt-al-Arab, Tigris and Euphrates, and extensions into adjoining deserts and swamps for operations and administration.
		British survey parties were active at the outbreak of war on the west coast of Africa, demarcating frontiers and mapping mining concessions.
	www.official-history-ww1.com /other_theatres/aboutcd2.htm (8051 words)

	The British Army in 1914: World War One's Professional Fighting Force.
		This 'contemptible little army' of six infantry divisions and one of cavalry was outnumbered by the Germans on the western front by a figure of more that ten to one.
		The British regular was drilled to deliver 'ten rounds rapid' to break up enemy attacks and were able to accomplish this with devastating effect.
		When the Imperial German Army met the BEF for the first time at the Battle of Mons, German officers believed the British to have many times the amount of machine guns that they actually did due to the volume of fire that was produced by the British regulars and their Enfield rifles.
	militaryhistory.suite101.com /article.cfm/the_british_army_in_1914 (848 words)

	From the Western Front to Salonika - British Army Structure
		Divisions tended to retain their troops whereas armies and corps were purely administrative and did not hold divisions on a permanent basis.
		However, due to the huge expansion of the army during the war many new battalions were formed.
		The army contained many large regiments or corps* whose purpose was to help maintain the fighting force in the field.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~cjmorton/service/ww1/brit_army/army.htm (665 words)

	Haig; A Great Captain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Their armies, more numerous that the German, were up against a fortified barrier which neutralised them, and compelled to subordinate all manoeuvre to a frontal attack which devoured them.
		Allied (French and British) losses in the same battle are placed in the region of 630,000.(22) The Germans, having already been through the horrors of Verdun and the Brusilov offensives, could afford such losses far less than the British, for whom the Somme was the first major offensive of the war.
		Rawlinson, whose Fourth Army was now spear-heading the Allied advance, thought that a brief pause, of about a week, would be all that was necessary, (just as there had been a brief halt in early October before the crossing of the Selle), to allow for repairs to roads and for supplies to be brought up.
	www.library.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/comment/haig1.html (5048 words)

	Great Britain
		The German Kaiser is said to have referred to them as a "contemptible little army" and the BEF - with typical British humour - took it to heart and referred to themselves as the "Old Contemptibles".
		With the Germans checked at the Marne, the two armies tried desperately to turn each others' flanks in a period that has become known as the "Race to the Sea" because it ended with the lines drawn across half of Europe, from the border with neutral Switzerland to the Belgian coast east of Ypres.
		The same year, British troops landed at Salonika as part of an Anglo-French expeditionary force, originally intended to support Greece against their Bulgarian neighbours.
	members.tripod.com /~brickie/gb.html (863 words)

	The Kings Own Yorkshire Light Infantry (51st & 105 Foot)
		Battalion was in Singapore at the outbreak of the war it did reach France by January 1915, moving to Salonika later that year and only returning to France to take part in the final advances in 1918.
		In 1947 the 2nd Battalion sailed for Malaya and, as a consequence of post-war reductions in the Army, the 1st Battalion was placed in suspended animation and the 2nd Battalion became the 1st Battalion The King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry (51st and 105th) in April 1948.
		The 1st Battalion staged briefly in England in 1951 before seeing service in Germany and Berlin, the campaign against the Mau Mau in Kenya (1952-53), Aden (1955), the EOKA campaign in Cyprus (1956), Germany (1958-61) and Malaya (1961-64), during which it was flown to Sarawak to combat Indonesian insurgency in Sarawak and Brunei.
	www.army.mod.uk /lightinfantry/history_traditions/county_regiments/koyli.htm (1151 words)

	[No title]
		Salonika was the base of the British Salonika Force, and it contained from time to time eighteen General and Stationary Hospitals (of which three were Canadian, although there were no other Canadian units in the Force).
		Wimereux was the Headquarters of the Q.M.A.A.C. during the 1914-18 war, and in 1919 it became the General Headquarters of the British Army.
		By June, 1918, the British half of the Cemetery was filled, and subsequent burials from the hospitals at Wimereux were carried out in the new British Cemetery at Terlincthun.
	members.lycos.co.uk /JohnDelgaty/WarDead1914.htm (2277 words)

	Rees Jones - he didn't come home
		Mikra British Cemetery is situated approximately 8 kilometres south of Thessalonika on the road to the airport.
		Salonika (now Thessalonika) was occupied in October, 1915, at the invitation of M. Venizelos, by three French Divisions and the 10th (Irish) Division from Gallipoli.
		In April, 1917, the British cemetery at Mikra, on the Western outskirts of the town, was opened, and it remained in use until 1920.
	www.tytwp.plus.com /Waun/JonesRees.html (1576 words)

	A Nurse at Salonika – the Diary of Mrs Edith Moor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The main point of arrival in northern Greece for the vast majority of British servicemen and women, the strategic significance of the port of Salonika lay in its direct rail link with Belgrade, which made it an ideal entry point for the Allies to intervene in the Balkans.
		Remaining onboard the Grantully Castle in the harbour for a number of days, Edith was informed on Saturday, 31 October that she and a number of other nurses were to be sent to the 43rd General Hospital.
		For Edith Moor, the war in Salonika would end in November 1917 when she embarked in HMHS Heroic and set sail for Italy, where she had been posted to the 38th Stationary Hospital.
	www.salonika.freeserve.co.uk /NurseInSalonika.htm (2884 words)

	History Part 2
		At the close of the battle of Mons, on 24th August 1914, the lst Battalion was left exposed to the attack of two German Army Corps at a village called Audregnies.
		Territorial and New Army Battalions of The Regiment fought on many fronts in France, especially at Ypres, in Gallipoli, in Sinai, in Palestine, in Salonika and in Mesopotamia.
		New Army Battalions were especially distinguished at Mont de Bligny, West Hoek and at Pip Ridge where the l2th Battalion won the French Croix de Guerre.
	www.army.mod.uk /22cheshire_regt/history_/history_part_2.htm (392 words)

	Afica - Lbma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		New forms of art evolved in the army reform of 1881 the new 1st Battalion was amalgamated with the 2nd Division.
		A future British lbma Field Marshall, Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer, was adjudant of the Nguni peoples along the east and southern coasts and central areas of Africa these nomadic hunters were lbma very widely distributed.
		A future British Field Marshall, Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer, was lbma adjudant of the battalion was shipped back to England where they were shipped to India and remained there until the outbreak of the York and Lancaster Regiment were based in Germany with the 2nd Division.
	lbma.pay-e-bullion.org /afica (2444 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		After the British evacuation of Gallipoli, Kemal served in the Caucasus in 1916 and 1917, until the Russian Revolution.
		Kemal was given command of the 7th army at the center of the front in the Jordan valley, where the Turks expected the brunt of the British attack.
		Kemal organized a nationalist party and army in the East, declared the Istanbul government invalid, and forced the invading Greeks from Anatolia (1921-1922).
	www.lib.byu.edu /estu/wwi/bio/a/ataturk.html (441 words)

	[No title]
		The Army of the Potomac from Chancellorsville to Gettysburg Richard A. Rinaldi
		Fourth Panzer Army was covered in Issues 4 and 5; Kempf was the other principal army from Army Group South involved in the German attacks.
		The article on the Serbian Army in spring 1916 reflects the close of this series and, in effect, the end of the Serbian Army.
	orbat.com /site/history/newsarchive/2/1-12.html (4537 words)

	Bulgaria in World War I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Despite the presence of allied troops on her soil, Greece was determined to remain neutral, so gave the key fortress of Rupel to the Bulgarians in the summer of 1916.
		On the 24th April 1917, and again on the 8th May, British attacks against the Bulgarian trenches at Doiran were beaten off by Bulgarian artillery and machine-gun fire.
		Doiran finally fell to British and Greek forces on the 18th, and the Bulgarian army was ordered to retreat on the 20th.
	members.tripod.com /~brickie/bulg1.html (481 words)

	CWGC :: Cemetery Details
		The Cemetery is on the northern outskirts of Thessalonika, it lies on the west side of the road to Seres, Langada Street, adjoining the Roman Catholic, French and Italian War Cemeteries.
		The town was the base of the British Salonika Force and it contained, from time to time, eighteen general and stationary hospitals.
		Salonika (Lembet Road) Military Cemetery (formerly known as the Anglo-French Military Cemetery) was begun in November 1915 and Commonwealth, French, Serbian, Italian and Russian sections were formed.
	www.cwgc.org /search/cemetery_details.aspx?cemetery=68901&mode=1 (275 words)

	British Empire: Armed Forces: Units: British Cavalry: 1923 - 1993: 17th/21st Lancers
		However, a counterattack by the Germans the next day revealed how poorly armed the British were when compared to the 75mm and 88mm guns of the Germans.
		However, the fact that the regiment was posted in Britain as late as 1942 meant that the 17th/21st would be one of the last regiments to be rotated back home.
		It was thus armed that the regiment learned that yet another round of regimental restructuring and reductions were essential due to new financial constraints and strategic considerations.
	www.britishempire.co.uk /forces/armyunits/britishcavalry/17th21stlancers1923.htm (2305 words)

	What was an Army in 1914-1918?
		Once defined, the Army was composed of at least 2 Corps, with various units attached at the Army level and an Army HQ.
		Destroyed by the great German assault in March 1918, it was renamed Fourth Army on 2 April, and its HQ became HQ Reserve Army once again, It was restored as HQ Fifth Army on 23 May 1918 under the command of Sir William Birdwood.
		The Army HQ had under its command, in addition to the two or more Corps, various bodies of troops required to supply and maintain the tactical units, and to provide extra strategic firepower.
	www.1914-1918.net /whatarmy.htm (683 words)

	Ted Grant - British Labour Betrayed Greek Workers
		Churchill's speech on Greece was a clear indication of the fears and of the aims of the British ruling class: it was a declaration of war against Socialism and the Socialist Revolution in Europe.
		The British troops with their military superiority were bound to win in the end and the Greek capitalists could step in and crush the betrayed workers and peasants.
		In Salonika and other cities the workers had established control over housing, factories, rationing, etc. Lenin never tired of emphasising that power, that the State, can be reduced to "armed bodies of men"; that what determines which class has the Power, is which class controls the armed bodies of men.
	www.tedgrant.org /archive/grant/1945/02/labour-betrayed-greek-workers.htm (2922 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		The plan was for the Second Army to break through the Yugoslav lines on a broad front north and northeast of Zagreb and to advance southward between the Drava and Sava rivers toward Belgrade.
		While it encountered the Yugoslav Fifth Army, one of the few fully mobilized Yugoslav units, rough terrain and roadblocks proved to be the chief obstacles to its advance.
		Most of the 12,000 British casualties were incurred during these last days, when the German ground forces closed in, and the ships evacuating the troops were forced to come toward shore without air cover.
	www.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_7.html (2320 words)

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