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Topic: British postal system

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	Postage stamps and postal history of the United Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The postal history of Great Britain is notable in at least two respects; first, for the introduction of postage stamps in 1840, and secondly for the establishment of an efficient postal system throughout the British Empire, laying the foundation of many national systems in existence today.
		In subsequent years, the postal system expanded from six roads to a network covering the country, and post offices were set up in both large and small towns, each of which had its own postmark.
		British stamps were used at many of these colonies in their early years, and can be recognized from numbers on the postmarks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_Kingdom (1614 words)

	Postal System
		The postal system is a network of postal facilities serving people in all parts of Canada, of transportation services linking post offices, and thousands of people dedicated to transmitting mail.
		The Gateway postal plant near the international airport in Mississauga, Ontario, covers 10 ha under one roof and is one of 30 mechanized postal plants in Canada.
		The modern postal system began in England with the introduction of the adhesive POSTAGE STAMP by Rowland Hill in 1837.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=A1ARTA0006427 (3094 words)

	Penny Black - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The idea of an adhesive stamp to indicate prepayment of postage was part of Rowland Hill's 1837 proposal to reform the British postal system.
		To this day, all British stamps bear a profile of the reigning monarch somewhere on the design, and are the only nationality of stamp that do not name their country of origin.
		In 1839, the British Treasury had announced a competition to design the new stamps, but none of the submissions were considered suitable, and the Treasury chose instead to use a profile of Victoria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penny_Black (959 words)

	General Post Office (United Kingdom) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The British General Post Office (GPO) was officially established in 1660 by Charles II and it eventually grew to combine the functions of both the state postal system and telecommunications carrier.
		The postal service was known as the Royal Mail because it was built on the distribution system for royal and government documents.
		In 1840 the Penny Post was introduced, which incorporated the two key innovations of a uniform postal rate, which cut administrative costs and encouraged use of the system, and adhesive pre-paid stamps.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/General_Post_Office_(United_Kingdom) (1143 words)

	UK postcodes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The area covered by the London postal districts was somewhat larger than the County of London, and included parts of Kent, Essex, Surrey, Middlesex and Hertfordshire.
		A similar system is still used in the Republic of Ireland for Dublin's postal districts.
		The British Forces Post Office (BFPO) is an agency that provides a postal service to HM Forces, separate from that provided by Royal Mail in the United Kingdom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/UK_postcodes (2265 words)

	Civilization.ca - A Chronology of Canadian Postal History - 1760-1840
		Hugh Finlay attempts to re-establish former postal routes, and finds that while the United States is prepared to permit mail from Canada to pass over its territory to New York, compensation will be taken in the form of toll charges.
		The system in one province is independent of the other; hence Finlay finds that the Deputy Postmasters General for New Brunswick and Nova Scotia argue constantly over the issue of responsibility for the deficiencies in the postal service.
		British mail received at New York for the Canadas is sent in sealed bags by the New York Postmaster to Burlington, Vermont, where it is met by the Canadian courier who brings it to Montréal.
	www.civilization.ca /cpm/chrono/chs1760e.html (2176 words)

	Postal reforms brought about the first stamps
		Prior to that year, British postage rates were determined in part by the distance that the letter had to travel, and the responsibility for paying that rate usually fell to the recipient of the letter, rather than to the sender.
		The concept of postal reform initiated by Great Britain swept across the globe during the 1840s, and the next nation to follow suit was the United States of America.
		One concern was that the reformed British system appeared to lose money in its earliest years, and government officials in the United States were uneasy about the prospect of financial losses.
	linns.com /howto/refresher/firststamps_19991122/refreshercourse.asp?... (1876 words)

	Whole Number 76 - October 1995
		The British postal system's inadequacies were the primary causes behind the widespread bootlegging.
		However, instead of urging postal "freedom" and abandonment of the postal monopoly, Rowland Hill suggested that two major reforms be made in the operation of the government system.
		Despite the government's attempt to reinvigorate the postal system, "the public's business invariably gravitated toward private carriers because their service was cheaper and more dependable." This was true throughout most of the 18th Century, even though improvements made by Benjamin Franklin, deputy postmaster general for the colonies (1753-1774), bettered the service and increased postal revenues.
	members.aol.com /vlntryst/wn76.html (5857 words)

	#100: The British Postal Address Turnabout
		Jackson was up in arms about a recent proposal that the British mail adopt the German method of addressing envelopes in which the house number is written after the name of the road, not before it (i.e.
		British postal system is flourishing throughout the world except US.
		Use of British spellings despite the fact that American English is the most commonly used in the world.
	www.museumofhoaxes.com /hoax/aprilfool/comments/822 (1040 words)

	postal systems - Learn English Magazine - British Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Staging posts and a relay system with horses and carriages meant that messages could move quickly, by using many riders instead of one.
		After the Roman postal service disappeared, other systems were created, but never again as large as the Roman’s.
		The British Council is the United Kingdom's international organisation for educational and cultural relations.
	www.learnenglish.org.uk /magazine/magazine_home_post.html (999 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - History of the Postal Service
		To improve the system, a series of additional routes was established, which increased the network.
		His dream, which he was finally able to fulfil, was to have a cheap and efficient postal system which everybody could afford to use.
		The first provincial city to be divided into postal districts was Liverpool in 1864.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A1082558 (1193 words)

	Biography of Guglielmo Marconi
		Since his mother was Irish, he had several family connections in England and was able to arrange a presentation to William Preece of the British postal system in 1896.
		The system of wireless as it then existed still allowed for only one person to transmit in an area at a time.
		He succeeded in developing a system of tuned multiplex telegraphy in 1900, which allowed multiple messages to be sent on the same transmitter simultaneously with each message received accurately by a different receiver.
	lilt.ilstu.edu /sdperry/marconi.htm (1014 words)

	National Postal Museum
		Starting the System documents America's increasing need for a mail system to ensure the free flow of information between citizens and their government.
		The Queen Anne Act was instrumental in creating a functioning postal system in the American colonies.
		The British government needed a reliable mail service in the American colonies in order to communicate with its colonial governors.
	www.postalmuseum.si.edu /exhibits/2a1_starting.html (200 words)

	eBay - British Stamp
		After this first successful British stamp, the British postal system proceeded to issue billions of stamps to billions of people around the globe.
		British colonialists took over and organized postal systems in Commonwealth nations.
		In 1937, the British postal system decided to change the color of poached egg stamps from green to fl.
	popular.ebay.com /ns/Stamps/British+Stamp.html (384 words)

	GBStamps.com Links
		British Postal Museum and Archive (BPMA) - The former National Postal Museum in London closed in 1998.
		The Bath Postal Museum - Bath is probably the second most important city in British postal history.
		The British Library - The Library’s philatelic collection reopened to the public in early June, 1998, after the Library’s move to new quarters.
	www.gbstamps.com /links.html (2367 words)

	Efficient Postal Service! - Billy Bragg Forums
		Having been part of the postal workers union for years it saddens me to see the standards fall to the extent they have which is largely due to a lack of investment in training, casualisation of the diminished work force and sheer bad organisation.
		The postal monopoly, as I said, was ended by the early implementation of EU directives.
		The second postal directive was published May 2000, a month before the UK government sent up postcomm (which, itself was demanded by the EU's regulatory model of a provider/regulator split).
	www.billybragg.co.uk /forums/index.php?showtopic=2084 (2136 words)

	1921-1927 No Stamps Available Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Formal postal services were established on the island in 1927.
		The results of this varied, some counties actually charged the UPU 2x penalty, as is shown here on this cover to the United States.
		This system was used until October 15, 1940 when the island received its first dedicated stamp issue.
	www.pisg.org /stamps/prestamp.html (153 words)

	White Russian Red Cross Cover - Postal History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Which, incredibly, had no postal connection with the outside world whatsoever between the cease-fire of 1918 and the evacuation of Crimea in November of 1920 - a period of two years.
		The lack of postal markings indicating the route is common for Red Cross covers - at least in the 1914-1918 period.
		Chief of the British Military Mission in in Southern Russia in 1919: Holman, Herbert Campbell (1869–1949), Captain, General Staff Indian army.
	www.postalhistory.org /questions.htm (659 words)

	02/09/04: New anti-spam approach: email "stamps"
		And a company called Goodmail Systems, in Mountain View, Calif., is developing a money-based system that has attracted attention from companies, including Yahoo.
		Under Goodmail's system, bulk e-mailers would pay a penny per message for stamps that would let their e-mails pass unblocked through Internet service providers' spam filters.
		Bulk e-mailers taking part in the system would need to have a reliable unsubscribe mechanism, and no anonymity would be allowed.
	www.mrcranky.com /movies/barbershop2/103.html (1195 words)

	US Air Service in the British Isles 1917-1919
		This study concerns the many American Air Service squadrons and subordinate units that were stationed in the British Isles during World War I, and were required to use the British civil postal system.
		Included are a listing of all reported Air Service units, the British Royal Air Force locations used by those units, and a listing of post offices available for use at each location.
		Also included is the background of the Air Service in the British Isles and a discussion of postal and censorship operations.
	www.militaryphs.org /pubs/usairservice.html (175 words)

	Nigeria Postal Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was considered to be a part of the British postal system.
		While mail delivery was initially the business focus, British Postal orders were being sold and encashed as from 1907 in post offices located at headquarters of all District Commissioners.
		To establish and maintain Postal facilities of such character and in such locations consistent with reasonable economics as will enable the generality of the public to have ready access to essential postal services.
	www.nigpost.com /about.htm (723 words)

	Electoral Fraud.org - Stamping Out Electoral Postal Vote Fraud (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Despite an electoral court in Birmingham condemning the British postal voting system as one which ‘would disgrace a banana republic’, the government has no intention of changing the system ahead of the forthcoming General Election on the 5th May 2005.
		Worse still, the government actually blocked a proposal by the Electoral Commission which would have banned political parties from handling postal ballots and which would have gone some way to prevent fraud.
		It is time to stop allowing our political system to be misused by the traditional parties and to stamp out fraud.
	www.electoralfraud.org (248 words)

	Postal news from June 2002
		Perhaps, as postal commentator Gene Del Polito has noted, a blend of the bold and the timid is needed to chart a path that at least has some hope of retaining a universal mail delivery system whose reform falls short of corporatization or privatization.
		To back a call for Postal Service accountability and transparency, a new Wirthlin Worldwide telephone survey confirms that 85 percent of Americans want independent auditors to investigate the Postal Service's finances and make the results public, before the Postal Service is allowed to raise rates again.
		The British Labour Party risks losing financial support from one of the country's biggest trade unions on Thursday, when postal workers discuss calls to scrap political ties with the party.
	www.postcom.org /archive/news2002/news06-02.htm (16463 words)

	Postal reforms brought about the first stamps
		The rates were complex and costly, and there was a call throughout the country to straighten out the mail mess and provide a way for people to send letters at a reasonable price.
		The story goes that this incident provided Hill with the inspiration to suggest that postage should be paid in advance.
		Rowland Hill was a businessman and educator who had previously demonstrated an interest in postal affairs.
	www.linns.com /howto/refresher/firststamps_19991122/refreshercourse.asp?uID= (1876 words)

	Plymouth, Postal Service
		The reason the British postal system is called the Royal Mail is because that is precisely how it started, as a private means of getting the King's messages around his Kingdom.
		However, that was short-lived because in 1635 King Charles I opened up the service to anyone upon payment of a fee by the recipient, not the sender.
		Five main postal routes were set up, one of which was to Plymouth.
	www.plymouthdata.info /PostalService.htm (834 words)

	USPS, Consignia Work to Fix Delivery Problems
		The U.S. Postal Service and Consignia, the British postal system, are working to overcome customer complaints about an international delivery agreement between the two agencies earlier this year, the USPS said this week.
		Consumers using the service have told the USPS that some package recipients have refused delivery after being hit with duties and fees that were higher than expected.
		This would add $1 to $2 to the average delivery cost, the postal service said, but would eliminate at least half of all customs clearance, duty payment and return problems.
	www.dmnews.com /cms/dm-news/international/19573.html (316 words)

	The British Postal Museum & Archive - Our history through the post (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		British postal communications helped to shape the modern world.
		The British Postal Museum and Archive illuminates the lives of people in the Post Office, the messages carried by Royal Mail, the history we all share.
		Royal Mail are introducing a system based on size as well as weight.
	www.postalheritage.org.uk (437 words)

	BT Phone Home 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The British mobile phone market is one of the most saturated user markets in the European Union with 67 percent of the population owning phones.
		One might assume that British Telecom held an unfair advantage vis-à-vis other mobile providers in establishing BT Cellnet's customer base, but the company actually garnered its share of the market without the benefit of its tremendous database of 85% percent of Britain's residential population.
		The British government was one of the first to hold a license auction.
	www.jrn.columbia.edu /studentwork/reutersjournal/tech/pg97.html (728 words)

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