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	British Raj - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The British Raj refers to the British rule of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Burma, during which period these lands were under the colonial control of Britain as part of the British Empire.
		Much of the territory under British sway during this time was not directly ruled by the British, but were nominally independent Princely States which were directly under the rule of the Maharajas, Rajas, Thakurs and Nawabs who entered into treaties as sovereigns with the British monarch as their feudal superior.
		The first steps were taken toward self-government in British India in the late 19th century with the appointment of Indian counsellors to advise the British viceroy and the establishment of provincial councils with Indian members; the British subsequently widened participation in legislative councils with the Indian Councils Act of 1892.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/British_Raj (4566 words)

	Talk:British Raj - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		British Raj is the common name for the part of the British empire including pakistan, india, bangladesh and burma not British India.
		British Raj to British India – Article is largely about aspects of the history of British rule in the Indian subcontinent whereas British Raj is an informal term referring to the government.
		British Raj is an informal or colloquial term for British authority in British India.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:British_Raj (2695 words)

	British Raj
		The British Raj is an informal term for the period of British rule of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
		The first British outpost in South Asia was established in 1619 at Surat on the northwestern coast.
		In the late 1800s, the first steps were taken toward self-government in "British India" with the appointment of Indian councilors to advise the British viceroy and the establishment of provincial councils with Indian members; the British subsequently widened participation in legislative councils.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/br/British_raj.html (243 words)

	The British Raj
		Indeed, British Rule in India, known immortally as the British Raj, was a result of the Victorian eraís infusion of British liberal philosophy in colonial policy and social governance with that of the diverse, regional, religious and princely regimes that defined the Indian mosaic.
		In the eyes of many of the British in India, however, the brown skin of the indigenous man and woman was perceived to be an even greater burden, serving as a badge of inferiority and a bar to progress towards European political rights and freedoms.
		Leaving aside the British regiments serving in India, the total number of non-military personnel living in the sub-continent by the turn of the century, was under 20,000.
	www.drake.edu /artsci/PolSci/ssjrnl/2001/nunn.html (5025 words)

	British Raj (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The British Raj is an informal term for the of British rule of the Indian subcontinent or present-day India Pakistan and Bangladesh.
		In the late 1800s the first steps were taken toward in British India with the appointment of councilors to advise the British viceroy and establishment of provincial councils with Indian members; British subsequently widened participation in legislative councils.
		The British repressed opposition and on the press and on movement were An apparently unwitting example of violation of against the gathering of people led to massacre at Jalianwala Bagh in Amritsar in April 1919.
	www.freeglossary.com /British_India (2727 words)

	Manas: History and Politics, British India
		Whereas in the plains British men outnumbered women, at the hill stations British women had a more formidable presence than men, and their numbers always saw a dramatic increase at moments of crises, such as during the Rebellion of 1857 or the Punjab Disturbances of 1919.
		It has even been argued that, in a manner of speaking, the British adhered to their own version of a caste system, and they would not deign to have any social intercourse with Indians, barring those whose acquaintance had to be cultivated as a matter of political expediency.
		The British could be construed as only emulating the oriental despots they had succeeded, but they no doubt saw themselves as fulfilling the expectations their subjects had of them.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /southasia/History/British/HillStations.html (3227 words)

	Bangladesh the British Raj
		Beginning in the middle of the eighteenth century, when the foundations of British rule were effectively laid, the British government showed increasing interest in the welfare of the people of India, feeling the need to curb the greed, recklessness, and corrupt activities of the private British East India Company.
		The early attempts by the British East India Company to encourage the use of Sanskrit and Persian were abandoned in favor of Western science and literature; elementary education was taught in the vernacular, but higher education in English.
		In the field of social reforms, the British suppressed what they considered to be inhumane practices, such as suttee (self-immolation of widows on the funeral pyres of their husbands), female infanticide, and human sacrifice.
	www.country-studies.com /bangladesh/the-british-raj.html (598 words)

	Pakistan - THE BRITISH RAJ
		Understated by British historians as the Indian Mutiny or Sepoy Rebellion and referred to with some exaggeration by later Indian nationalists as the First War of Independence, the uprising nevertheless heralded the formal end of the Mughal Empire and marked the end of company rule in India as well.
		In general, the uprising was a reaction to British expansionism and the outcome of the policies of modernization and annexation of Governor General Lord Dalhousie (1848-56), especially in Oudh (Avadh, now part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh) in 1856.
		Relations between the British crown and Indian princes were set out in an elusive doctrine of "paramountcy." The princes promised loyalty and surrendered all rights to conduct foreign or defense policy; the crown promised noninterference in internal affairs (except in cases of gross maladministration or injustice) and protection from external and internal enemies.
	countrystudies.us /pakistan/8.htm (844 words)

	Manas: History and Politics, British India
		The consolidation of British rule after the initial military victories fell to Warren Hastings, who did much to dispense with the fiction that the Mughal Emperor was still the sovereign to whom the Company was responsible.
		British rule was justified, in part, by the claims that the Indians required to be civilized, and that British rule would introduce in place of Oriental despotism and anarchy a reliable system of justice, the rule of law, and the notion of 'fair play'.
		This was by far the greatest threat posed to the British since the beginnings of their acquisition of an empire in India in 1757, and within the space of a few weeks in May large swathes of territory in the Gangetic plains had fallen to the rebels.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /southasia/History/British/BrIndia.html (998 words)

	India the British Raj, 1858-1947 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		On May 10, 1857, Indian soldiers of the British Indian Army, drawn mostly from Muslim units from Bengal, mutinied in Meerut, a cantonment eighty kilometers northeast of Delhi.
		The second was the British blunder in using cartridges for the Lee-Enfield rifle that were allegedly greased with animal fat, which was offensive to the religious beliefs of Muslim and Hindu sepoys.
		The civil war inflicted havoc on both Indians and British as each vented its fury on the other; each community suffered humiliation and triumph in battle as well, although the final outcome was victory for the British.
	www.country-studies.com /india/the-british-raj,-1858-1947.html (385 words)

	indian history, mauryas empire, mughal era, british rule in india, history of india, india insight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		British Raj - In 1612 British made their first permanent inroad into India when they established a trading post in Gujarat and later at Madras in 1640, at Bombay in 1668 and at Calcutta in 1690.
		In 1672 the French established themselves at Pondicherry and stage was set for a rivalry between the British and French for control of Indian trade.
		The British were able to capture most of India by the early 19th century after defeating Sikhs in 1849.
	www.indiamart.com /rrindia/history.html (646 words)

	British Raj - Charles' George Orwell Links
		It lasted from 1858, when the rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown, until 1947, when the independence of India and Pakistan was granted.
		The second was the British blunder in using cartridges for the Pattern 1853 Enfield rifle that were allegedly greased with animal fat, which was offensive to the religious beliefs of Muslim and Hindu sepoys.
		The British repressed opposition, and restrictions on the press and on movement were reenacted.
	www.netcharles.com /orwell/articles/col-britishraj.htm (2408 words)

	The Examined Life » Blog Archive » Was the British Raj good for India? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The British were not interested in building these rail lines themselves because either they wouldn't help in resource exploitation or because many British investors had lost their shirts in infrastructure projects (a fair enough warning for private investors in 'infrastructure projects').
		British Raj was actually not good for India because they looted India a lot and they have most of the wealth from us, you will realize this if you take a detailed history book not the school book and read about British Raj.
		Whatever the British brought to India, be it technology, laws or business practices, was intended solely to serve the economic and political objectives of the empire and arguably those of the caste concious indigenous elite.
	www.ravikiran.com /2005/06/01/was-the-british-raj-good-for-india (16939 words)

	indiatml3
		The British relied on superior military power, as well as bribery, extortion, political manipulation of native chieftains, and the disunity among various Indian kingdoms, to subjugate the entire subcontinent.
		By 1858, the British had put down the "Mutiny" and restored order; one major result was the Act for the Better Government of India, which formally ended East India Co. rule and officially transferred administration of India and its commerce to the British crown.
		Tagore was born in 1861, during the British colonial era in India.
	www.cocc.edu /cagatucci/classes/hum210/tml/IndiaTML/indiatml3.htm (2442 words)

	The British Raj
		British involvement in India started with the East India Company, a chartered company of London merchants which gradually transformed trading privileges in Asia into a territorial empire centred on India.
		The Princely States numbered more than 500 during the British Raj and although their rulers preserved some autonomy they were bound by treaty to the British.
		This role was transferred to British India in 1910, and to the newly independent Indian government in 1947.
	freespace.virgin.net /andrew.randall1/india.htm (1381 words)

	British Empire: Articles: Concession & Repression British Rule in India 1857-1919
		Instead when British lives and trading interests (represented by the East India Co.) were threatened by violent reaction to encroaching westernization, London felt obligated to step in to take control of both the situation and the country.
		Having quashed the Indian Mutiny, British rule was embodied by the new position of Viceroy.
		The period 1857-1919 in the British Raj can be seen as one of concession and repression.
	www.britishempire.co.uk /article/concession.htm (1904 words)

	HIST 450b British Raj: Online Resources
		British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia (BACSA): This UK organization raise funds to maintain British gravesites in South Asia and is a valuable resource for family research and historians of British India.
		Archaeological Survey of India: This agency of the Indian government was founded during the British Raj for the preservation of protected heritage sites and monuments as well as to conduct archaeological excavations and surveys of newly discovered sites.
		Victorian Studies: This journal is devoted to the study of British culture of the Victorian period.
	www.lclark.edu /~campion/hist450b/online.htm (678 words)

	Kamat Research Database - The British Raj
		The "British Raj" or the British Rule of India is period of British colonization of the Indian subcontinent.
		The British Raj started soon after the 1857 riots for independence (see: Sepoy Mutiny) when the power controlled by the East India Company was transferred to the British Government, and ended with home-rule for India (and Partition of India) in 1947.
		This is a collection of period portraits, oral histories, and period social life of British Raj.
	www.kamat.com /database/content/british_raj/index.htm (149 words)

	Musical Nirvana - Introduction to Indian Classical Music
		This period from 1857 to 1947, saw the establishment of various famous Gharanas in the north and emergence of Madras as the capital of Carnatic music in the south.
		British Govt took over the administration and the army from the East India Company.
		They were under constant watch of the British representative in their states.
	www.musicalnirvana.com /introduction/british_raj.html (1610 words)

	Desicritics.org: The Great Game, the Northwest Frontier and the British Raj
		The Defense Policy of British India was part of the overall Imperial strategy whose main aim was to maintain and consolidate the British Empire in the Indian sub-continent.
		Once the British identified their security threats they formulated heir strategy, which was referred to as "ring fence policy." The kingdoms of Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and the tribal areas in the North and the Northwest formed the inner ring directly surrounding British India.
		From the last quarter of the 19th century till the British withdrawal from the sub-continent, the major preoccupation of the British planners of the Indian Empire was the security of the outer ring.
	desicritics.org /2006/05/16/015856.php (1341 words)

	HIST 450b British Raj: Film List
		The 41st Bengal Lancers are stationed on the Northwest Frontier of British India, guarding against Afghan invaders led by the wily Oxford-educated Mohammed Khan.
		The title character is a young British orphan who, like an Anglo-Indian Huck Finn, roams the bazaars and roads of his adoptive country surviving through theft, begging, and being a messenger and spy for the British.
		Condemned by the British as a terrorist and hailed by many Indians as a freedom fighter, Bhagat Singh was initially inspired by the Gandhian example of non-violent non-cooperation but later rejected it after growing frustrated at its apparent ineffectiveness.
	www.lclark.edu /~campion/hist450b/films.htm (1653 words)

	Musical Nirvana - Introduction to Indian Classical Music
		Thus during the British Raj, Carnatic meant the region between Eastern Ghats and the Coromandel coast i.e.
		In 1801 Carnatic was transferred to the British in exchange for military protection and a portion of the revenues collected.
		Varahappa Iyer, a minister in the Tanjore Maratha court, was close to the British Governor in Madras.
	www.musicalnirvana.com /introduction/british_raj4.html (859 words)

	British Raj: British Conquest of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The ironies of British colonialism in India is twofold:
		The British view of India was that it became the Jewel in the Crown of a glorious empire.
		As more countries came under British rule, the concept grew that the British were destined to rule by a moral superiority.
	www.lcsc.edu /modernchina/u3s3p1.htm (437 words)

	British Raj - Indian Anticolinialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is my purpose to set in motion that force as well against the organized violent force of the British rule, as the unorganized violent force of the growing party of violence.
		It was in his March to the Sea in 1930, to disobey the Salt Tax imposed by the British, that Gandhi gathered hundreds of thousands of followers, and a firm international reputation.
		During World War II the British promised independence to the Indians and the only real issue was that of partition.
	www.lcsc.edu /modernchina/u3s3p4.htm (593 words)

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