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	Broad gauge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Broad gauge lines were gradually converted to dual gauge or standard gauge from 1864, and finally the last of Brunel's broad gauge was converted in 1892.
		In India a gauge of 5 ft 6 in (1676 mm) is widespread.
		Although broad gauge was and is quite rare on lighter railways and street tramways, many tramways in ex-USSR were and are also built to broad gauge (according to terminology in use in these countries, gauges narrower than 1520 mm are considered to be narrow).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Broad_gauge (1435 words)

	Broad gauge
		Broad gauge refers to a railway with a gauge (distance between the rails) greater than the standard gauge of 1435mm (4ft 8.5in).
		In England the Great Western Railway pioneered broad gauge from 1838 with a gauge of 7ft 0.25in (2140mm), and retained this gauge into the 1890s.
		In India a gauge of 1676mm (5ft 6in) is widespread.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/br/Broad_gauge.html (207 words)

	Broad Gauge Society - BGS - History of the Broad Gauge
		The Gauge Act of 1846 decreed that apart from local additions to the system of the Great Western and associated lines, all new railways should be built to the 4' 8½" gauge.
		The last broad gauge line to be built was the four and a half mile long branch line from St. Erth to St. Ives in Cornwall, opened on 1 June 1877.
		The broad gauge was at its maximum extent on 31 December 1865, at which point there were 596 miles of broad gauge track and 237 miles of mixed gauge track.
	www.broadgauge.org.uk /history/history.html (849 words)

	The Ohio Broad Gauge
		The gauges of industrial tramways varied around 4', but the variation did not matter much since all traffic was local, and the vehicles used on one tramway did not find their way onto another.
		A wider gauge was thought preferable by some, from the extreme of 7' of Isambard Brunel, through the 6' of the Erie, the 5' 6" of Missouri and Texas,and the 5' gauge of the South Carolina Railroad.
		This is hardly a broad gauge, since it gives a negligible advantage over the standard gauge, and offers the inconvenience of not permitting the interchange of vehicles with standard gauge railways.
	www.du.edu /~etuttle/rail/ohio.htm (1847 words)

	Narrow gauge
		That is, because narrow gauge trains cannot travel on standard gauge tracks or vice versa, freight or passengers carried on narrow-gauge trains will have to be transferred to standard-gauge trains to complete the journey.
		In Spain there is an extensive system of metre gauge railroads, in the north-west of the country, run by FEVE, at the centre of this system, is a metre-gauge line which runs for 650 km (400 miles) along the entire length of Spain's north coast.
		In the 1990s, India concluded that cities on the metre gauge network have a second-rate train service, and is now converting most of the metre gauge network to broad gauge.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/na/Narrow_gauge.html (802 words)

	Broad Gauge Trilogy
		The gauge was mentioned as being 4 feet 8 inches, the size which had already been used by George Stephenson for several lines, but the Bill was thrown out by the Lords.
		None of the advantages claimed by Brunel for the broad gauge were being realised and his opponents were quick to publicise the shortcomings.
		Brunel himself was prepared to resign but his calmness and sincerity together with the efforts of Gooch, the support of Babbage and the confidence of a few leading directors enabled the broad gauge cause to survive the crisis.
	www.brunel.ac.uk /about/history/ikb/broad (1143 words)

	Broad gauge
		Brunel's broad gauge railway: commemorating the Centenary of the GWR's gauge conversion.
		No real advantage was ever taken of the engineering possibilities of the broad gauge; what eventually killed it, and its fate was clear enough once the Gauge Commission had reported to Parliament in favour of standardization on the 4 ft 8½ in gauge in 1846, was the commercial drawback caused by the break of gauge.
		When broad gauge disappeared from the 'Met' their condensing apparatus was removed and they were sold to the South Devon Railway.
	www.steamindex.com /locotype/broadgg.htm (8156 words)

	SDRM Rail Gauge Derivation
		The only standard gauge in the U.S. is a defacto 4' 8 1/2" as recommended by the A.R.A. committee on standard wheel and track gauges in October of 1896.
		Great Britain, on the other hand, has a true standard track gauge of the same dimensions because it was mandated by an act of Parliament in 1846 that all railroads should be built to the same gauge as the Stockton and Darlington, England's (and the world's) first public rail line to use locomotives.
		America had a multiplicity of gauges at the beginning of the Civil War, but the modern standard was most common in New England and 5' was the standard in the South.
	www.sdrm.org /faqs/gauge (327 words)

	Change of Gauge on the Canada Central Railway
		April 2005 marks the 125th anniversary of the change of gauge of the Canada Central Railway from 5 feet 6 inches (referred to here as “broad gauge”) to standard gauge (4 feet 8½ inches (at the time this was sometimes referred to as “narrow gauge”).
		The line was built to the broad gauge in order to be eligible for a subsidy which was not payable on lines built to the standard gauge.
		Bearing in mind that standard gauge track was being built west of Pembroke, the plan was to narrow the gauge of the segment between Pembroke and Renfrew in November 1879.
	www.railways.incanada.net /Articles/Article2005_2.html (2049 words)

	News - Broad
		Broad researchers recognized that 5% of human DNA is shared with dogs and mice.
		In the project's second phase, Broad scientists used the boxer genome sequence as a genetic "compass" to navigate the genomes of 10 different dog breeds and other related canine species, including gray wolves and coyotes.
		Broad scientists are currently applying the knowledge gained from SNP analysis to find disease genes.
	www.broad.mit.edu /cgi-bin/news/display_news.cgi?id=204 (1652 words)

	RRT: Pg58
		Broad, or standard gauge, was fixed by law at 4 feet 8 1/2 inches; the narrow-gauge utilized by Utah and Northern was 3 feet wide, so standard-gauge trains used the two outer rails while the narrow-gauge ran on the interior rail and one outer rail.
		To avoid having to physically transfer the ladings between cars of the different gauges, a device was constructed at Pocatello known as the Ramsey Transfer where incoming cars of either gauge were jacked up and wheels of the other gauge put under the cars.
		The gauge from Pocatello to Butte was widened on July 25, 1887, although the accepted version of the story (beal, 1957; 1980) has the widening taking place on Sunday, July 24, 1887 (Pioneer Day).
	imnh.isu.edu /digitalatlas/geog/rrt/part3/chp7/58.htm (944 words)

	Search For A Standard In Australia
		The second was opened in February 2004 and is standard gauge all the way through (which just goes to show you that you can't trust the bloody politicians, unless you nail them to the nearest tree).
		In the State of Victoria, prior to standardisation, the railway network remained largely a broad gauge except for a small network of 2’6” gauge logging and goldfield railways, of which the Puffing Billy Railway is the last remaining well know example.
		In the South East of South Australia the network was converted to Broad gauge between 1955 and 1956.
	www.discoverlivesteam.com /magazine/40.html (1300 words)

	Gauge 0 Guild - What is 0 Gauge?
		Historically 'O' gauge referred to a track gauge of 1 1/4" or 32mm but is now almost universally taken to mean models built to a scale of 7mm to the foot or 1:43.54, usually rounded off to 1:43.5.
		Models of Standard Gauge prototypes are by far the most popular amongst modellers and have been so since the earliest days of model railways when models bore little resemblance to the prototype.
		Track gauge is 32mm which brings the outer face of standard wheel sets to almost the scale distance apart thus preserving appearance yet permitting overwidth wheels.
	www.gauge0guild.com /Whatis.asp (1381 words)

	[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Gauges in India
		The decision to use a gauge wider than the one in use in Great Britain was made with an eye towards economies in freight movement, and also to ensure stability in the face of Indian weather and the perceived threat of cyclonic winds.
		It was envisioned that narrow gauge lines would act as feeder lines to the broad gauge and meter gauge lines, but many became important railway routes in their own right.
		An incredibly narrow 15" gauge was used by the Tata Engineering and Locomotive Co. Kraus-Maffei supplied one locomotive for this gauge to TELCO in 1951, a 4-6-2 that was mysteriously classified a 'YP' (number 17655) and which ended up hauling a 15" gauge children's railway in New Delhi.
	irfca.org /faq/faq-gauge.html (2256 words)

	The Great Western Railway Broad Gauge - A Brief History
		gauge was spreading over the northern and south-eastern parts of the country and quickly becoming the recognised gauge not for any technical or mechanical superiority but because by now it was generally specified by a clause in the Acts authorising construction of the railways.
		Cornwall was to prove a broad gauge stronghold to the end of that gauge as the farming, clay and mineral interests appreciated the prodigious loads and fast times by which their produce was conveyed to London and other centres.
		All broad gauge rolling stock and non-essential engines had been worked to Swindon, whereby at mid-day on Saturday 15 miles of specially prepared temporary sidings were filled with such a collection of rolling stock and locomotives as will never be seen again.
	lionels.orpheusweb.co.uk /RailSteam/GWRBroadG/BGHist.html (3938 words)

	Broad Gauge Society - BGS
		There is a Broad Gauge display in the Museum on the west platform at Bishops Lydeard Station of the West Somerset Railway.
		The Broad Gauge Society will be supporting several exhibitions during 2006 with our publications and information stands and layouts.
		The Broad Gauge Society was formed in 1980 to promote research into, and the modelling of, the 7' 0¼" Broad Gauge Railways of Great Britain.
	www.broadgauge.org.uk (630 words)

	Microsoft Train Simulator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A popular belief is that standard gauge comes from the width of Roman roads or the width of two horses' posteriors on said road.
		While standard gauge was often used because of off-the-shelf availability of equipment, some railroads, like the Erie, used a broad 5' gauge to haul larger loads, thus carving their niche in a burgeoning marketplace.
		With one standard gauge and interchange agreements, a car is loaded and unloaded once per shipment even though it may travel over several railroads.
	www.microsoft.com /games/trainsimulator/articles_stdgauge.asp (852 words)

	Tri-Gauge at Port Pirie Junction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In Victoria and South Australia it was decided to utilize the Irish broad gauge 5'3" (1,600mm) whereas New South Wales opted for the English standard gauge 4'8½" (1,435mm) that was becoming common in Europe and North America.
		On the narrow gauge there was always the sturdy little 'T' class 4-8-0's and later '400' class 'Garratts' hauling ore concentrate from Broken Hill to the smelters and of course there was the broad gauge from Adelaide.
		Port Pirie Junction has faded into history now as both the broad and narrow gauges are gone and the standard gauge bypasses the original location by a few kilometres to the east, however it will always remain as one of my most treasured memories.
	www.steamtrainartist.com /text_steam_train_PL1059.html (627 words)

	Old Time Trains
		Railway lines built to narrow gauge ran in many parts of the world and still do since in some countries what we think of as narrow gauge is normal or standard to them.
		Colonial gauge, 3' 6" (42") was widely used throughout the British Empire and remains in use in some former British countries.
		There are many gauges around the world, including what is referred to as broad gauge including India (5'6") and Russia (5'), but there is only one gauge that is really "standard" it is 4' 8 1/2", which originated in England where railways themselves originated.
	www.trainweb.org /oldtimetrains/narrowgauge.htm (537 words)

	Broad Gauge on Azores
		Just outside the port of Ponto Delgada on the main island San Miguel there is a broad gauge cement mixer-type truck on a short length of broad gauge track.
		The Açores line left the port where the airport is today, and where the quarries for the construction of the port existed at that time - and it followed the edge of the shore until it was just west of Ponta Delgada.
		Only in England, the cradle of railways, is there a replica of a broad gauge locomotive of this type.
	chrisbrady.itgo.com /azores/broad.htm (978 words)

	M'lore-B'lore broad gauge on track : Mangalore, Bangalore, broad gauge, railways : IBNLive.com : CNN-IBN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		All works of the gauge conversion have been completed except for work on two stations which has been delayed due to the rains," BJP MP, Mangalore, Sadanand Gowda said.
		The 162-kilometre meter gauge route was a picturesque journey through the Western Ghats.
		But in 1996, the Railways decided to convert this into broad gauge and thus began the long journey of delays.
	www.ibnlive.com /news/mloreblore-broad-gauge-on-track/16302-3.html (453 words)

	Gulbene - Aluksne Narrow Gauge Railway
		The narrow gauge line crossed the breadth of the current territory of our country from Valka to Ipiki and then continued to Meizakili and Parnu.
		It was built to the characteristic gauge of Russian narrow-gauge railways: 0.351 sazhens or 750mm.
		Despite the efforts of the Central Administration of Latvian Railways to standardize on a single narrow gauge, the historically-established variety of gauges was very much in evidence in the mid 1930s.
	www.banitis.lv /eng/dzelzceli.htm (1027 words)

	wais:Spain: Railroad gauge March 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Christopher Jones replies: The Spanish railways still run on broad gauge; the Talgo train that runs from Paris to Barcelona used a mechanical method of expanding the undercarriage to accommodate the broader Spanish tracks.
		This is a marvelous book about the early steam locomotives and the competition among engineers and inventors to improve them with analysis of the changes over time that increased their speed, power, and safety.
		Peter Hendy asserts that this is because when trying to decide the gauge they should use, they hit upon the idea of using the average of all the other gauges then in existence.
	wais.stanford.edu /ztopics/week030105/spain_050301_railroadgauge.htm (801 words)

	La Luciole - Britains 7 foot gauge railways
		A brief history of the Britain's broad gauge railway, 1835 - 1892.
		This is an 11 part twice weekly magazine exploring the development and eventual demise of Great Britain's broad gauge railways.
		They were the fastest and safest railways of their day, but eventually had to convert to "standard" gauge in the interests of uniformity.
	www.laluciole.net /gwr/index.html (87 words)

	Railway Gauge
		When Isambard Brunel was building the London to Bristol line in 1838 he decided to use what became known as the broad gauge (2.2 m) instead of the standard gauge (1.44m) on the line.
		It was also pointed out by Brunel that the broad gauge was safer and that locomotives would be less likely to leave the rails on sharp bends.
		However, the Great Western Railway retained its broad gauge until 1892, when it was converted to the standard gauge.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RAgauge.htm (316 words)

	GREG MAYMAN, triplegauge, multigauge rail track, three rail gauges, South Australia, rail madness
		Vic and SA pushed ahead with their broad gauge works, and in 1856 the first Governement-owned steam railway in Australia was opened between Adelaide and Port Adelaide, a distance of about 8 miles.
		But these lower initial costs were more than offset by the additional handling required when the narrow gauge lines met up with the broad gauge network, and goods and passengers had to be transferred from one train to another, often in the dead of night.
		When the gauge mix-up was at its peak, there were several country centres with broad and narrow gauge tracks brought either side of a loading platform to facilitate transfer of passengers and goods.
	users.tpg.com.au /gmone/gauges.htm (1367 words)

	Break-of-gauge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the latter part of the 20th century, all mainland capital cities were connected by a standard gauge (1435 mm) network, leading to more breaks of gauge (or branch line closures) in states where this is not the norm.
		An example of this is the East Broad Top Railroad in the United States of America, which had a coal wash and preparation plant at its break of gauge in Mount Union.
		While track gauge is the most important factor preventing through running between adjacent systems, other issues can also be a hindrance, including loading gauge, couplings, brakes, electrification, signalling systems, rules and regulations, language and jealousies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Break-of-gauge (860 words)

	Chapter Bringer <i>to</i> Broad gauge of B by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		A hat with a very broad brim, like those worn by men of the society of Friends.
		To grow broad; to become broader or wider.
		A wider distance between the rails than the "standard" gauge of four feet eight inches and a half.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1193/22104/6.html (383 words)

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