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	Free Press : Issues : Satellite Television
		As satellite broadcasters utilize the public airwaves to turn a profit, public interest advocates lobbied for and won a requirement that they set aside a certain percentage (4%) of the bandwidth they use for noncommercial programming.
		As satellite programming is made available across the country, cable programming providers (and telecommunications companies interested in providing video programming over their own wires) are using its presence as a reason for lobbying regulators to eliminate community accountability via local franchise negotiation mechanisms.
		Because satellite providers decide for their customers what channels will fill the 4% noncommercial set-aside, more obscure voices are being pushed to the fringes — creating a case in which people should be put in better position to decide what these offerings should be.
	www.freepress.net /issues/satellite (448 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Satellite Radio Works"
		Car manufacturers have been installing satellite radio receivers in some models for a few years now, and several models of portable satellite radio receivers are availabel from a variety of electronics companies.
		Satellite radio companies are comparing the significance of their service to the impact that cable TV had on television 30 years ago.
		XM Radio has a third HS-702 satellite on the ground ready to be launched in case one of the two orbiting satellites fails.
	www.howstuffworks.com /satellite-radio.htm/printable (1523 words)

	Satellite Radio Makes the Locals Sweat [Fool.com] April 19, 2004
		Satellite radio had the potential to create a different class of competition in a business that had already gone through tremendous upheaval and cutthroat competition.
		So even though the companies sold themselves and their services to the FCC in 1995 in part by stating, "Satellite providers have powerful incentives to offer distinct, innovative programming that is not available to radio consumers," we need to understand that by and large this is not at all what XM and Sirius provide now.
		So when the broadcasters say that satellite radio local broadcasts can exist only to the "detriment of the dissemination of free and over-the-air local services to local communities," what they're hoping to sell to the FCC is the concept that local radio's ability to communicate necessary, non-commercial information is at risk.
	www.fool.com /investing/general/2004/04/19/satellite-radio-makes-the-locals-sweat.aspx (1298 words)

	News Alert 3/15/99: Satellite TV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		National Association of Broadcasters, had successfully argued that satellite-TV offerings were cutting into the viewership and advertising revenue of local affiliates, thus jeopardizing their viability.
		Satellite companies, under federal law, are allowed to transmit network programs only to those who can’t get them via antenna, and DirecTV, the court ruled, was serving millions who didn’t qualify.
		Satellite Broadcasting and Communication Association and the National Rural Telecommunications Cooperative – gave $286,939 in soft money, PAC and individual contributions, 58 percent to Republicans.
	www.opensecrets.org /alerts/v5/alertv5_08.asp (693 words)

	Why Congress Must Fix the Satellite Home Viewer Act
		Broadcasters use a publicly owned resource (the electromagnetic spectrum) to deliver their signals; therefore, they should be required to compensate the public for the use of this valuable good.
		Although satellite broadcasting technology is evolving to provide such a "local-to-local" option, in the short-term, the retransmission of every local affiliate signal in America is impossible because of the capacity limitations of current satellites.
		Optimally, the requirement for broadcasters to surrender their right to negotiate the copyright retransmission rights for their programming should be abandoned as soon as possible, since it constitutes an unjustifiable interference with their copyrights and general freedom to contract.
	www.heritage.org /Research/TradeandForeignAid/BG1254.cfm (5743 words)

	Charles W. Pickering
		It would codify a previous agreement between satellite radio and local broadcasters that satellite radio services would not use ground-based repeaters to change their content per local market.
		It would only prohibit satellite radio companies from having a 'local channel' that changes depending on where you are in the country by using ground based transmitters, effectively operating as a separate radio station without the local commitment and responsibilities of actual stations.
		When the satellite radio companies received their licenses, they agreed to use ground based repeaters only to relay their content, not change their content, and this legislation codifies that agreement," Pickering said.
	www.house.gov /pickering/old/MediaVoice.htm (415 words)

	Campaign Finance Reform: Proposals Impacting Broadcasters, Cable Operators and Satellite Providers. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		There's no question that broadcasters who are FCC licensees and are required by those licenses to serve the public interest make a significant amount of money off of the public's interest in elections or at least on a candidate's interest in reaching the public.
		Under the broadcast model, those rates comprise the lowest unit charge that may not be ``more than the station's most favored commercial advertisers would be charged for comparable time.'' In the rulemaking, however, the Commission recognized the unique position of satellite service in the video distribution marketplace.
		In terms of the impact on broadcasters' editorial discretion and the intrusiveness of its contemplated enforcement mechanism--mandatory random audits by the FCC during the pre-election period--the regime contemplated by the amendment completely topples the delicate balance embodied in the current regime.
	energycommerce.house.gov /107/Hearings/06202001hearing290/print.htm (18119 words)

	VDH ::: Satellite Hookup Instructions
		Satellite program providers cannot control which satellites are used for a particular program.
		Availability of satellite space at the time the procurement is processed determines which satellites are used.
		If you think there is a problem at the uplink or with the satellite transponder, first check other transponders on the same satellite.
	www.vdh.state.va.us /dl/sshookupinstructions.asp (2037 words)

	Current.org \| Public radio also faces digital transition
		The National Association of Broadcasters argued that satellite radio would starve local broadcasters on the ground and urged that the FCC prohibit it from selling advertising and delay it until terrestrial broadcasters were ready to go digital.
		Commercial broadcasters have focused a spotbeam of intense interest on the idea of "in-band, on-channel" (IBOC) technology that would let them air digital signals on the same frequencies and with the same antennas that they are using simultaneously for their analog signals.
		Satellite CD Radio, the company that first petitioned the FCC to permit satellite radio broadcasting, in 1990, bought one of the licenses for $83.3 million; American Mobile Radio Corp., made off with the other for $89.9 million.
	www.current.org /tech/tech706.html (1814 words)

	News On Japan - Editorial - The Future of Satellite Television in Japan
		Sky Perfect would of course like consumers to purchase hardware that can receive their satellite at 144 degrees as well (they also have a satellite at 142 degree that may be employed because it's closer to the others).
		The CS satellite was built by the government in a compromise to allow foreign owned companies broadcasting rights; the BS satellite is reserved for Japanese majority owned companies.
		The MPT are coercing the 5 major terrestrial broadcasters to digitalize and broadcast from the new BS satellite, however, the enormous development costs have stalled negotiations, but expect to see a compromise.
	www.newsonjapan.com /html/editorial/0008-satellite.shtml (578 words)

	Augusta Georgia: technology@ugusta: Broadcasters want satellite industry to provide free antennas 02/23/99
		As it stands, 700,000 to 1 million satellite TV customers nationwide will no longer be permitted to receive Fox and CBS programs via their satellite systems on Feb. 28.
		Satellite TV customers, meanwhile, can contact their local CBS or Fox affiliate to try to obtain a waiver so that they can continue to receive CBS and Fox shows on their satellite systems.
		The waivers permit satellite systems to beam the signal of a Fox or CBS affiliate from a distant market into the satellite viewer's local market only if the local station determines that the viewer can't receive the local signal on a rooftop antenna.
	chronicle.augusta.com /stories/022399/tec_124-5667.shtml (446 words)

	Digital Satellite TV Solutions for Satellite Broadcasters - by NDS
		In addition to reduced deployment costs, satellite TV broadcasters also benefit from improved features that vendors introduce due to the competitive environment.
		NDS digital satellite solutions are designed to grow with your business, as you grow subscriber numbers and introduce new services.
		Satellite broadcasters can also offer profitable interactive services separate from TV content, such as betting and gaming solutions, which have proven to be the main digital television revenue drivers.
	www.nds.com /platforms/satellite.html (442 words)

	EETimes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		Cable and satellite TV customers will need to use off-air antennae to receive the first digital terrestrial broadcasts scheduled to begin Nov. 1, because first-generation digital TVs won't be equipped to receive digital broadcast via cable.
		In addition, satellite broadcasters are moving ahead with plans for receiving terrestrial digital signals.
		Each satellite transponder is limited to 27-Mbit/second throughput and an HDTV signal is expected to use 19 Mbits/s, according to Jayant of Bear Stearn.
	www.eetimes.com /news/98/1026news/digital.html (839 words)

	DirectTV and Nab agree to back satellite bill
		Echostar, the other major satellite broadcaster, is also pushing for passage of the bill, though it has not signed on to the compromise with the NAB.
		By granting satellite TV access to local programming, the measure would put satellite TV on equal footing with cable, allowing it to compete for the first time for suburban and urban viewers.
		Meanwhile, the satellite companies are also planning to move early to take advantage of their digital capabilities.
	www.medialifemagazine.com /news1999/july99/news1706.html (663 words)

	Direct broadcast satellite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) is a term used to refer to satellite television broadcasts intended for home reception, also referred to as direct-to-home signals.
		With modern satellite providers in the United States using high power Ku-band transmissions using circular polarization, which result in small dishes, and digital compression (hence bringing in an alternative term, Digital Satellite System, itself likely connected to the proprietary encoding system used by DirecTV, Digital Satellite Service), DBS is often misused to refer to these.
		Dominion, under its former corporate name Video Satellite Systems Inc., was actually the second from among the first nine companies to apply to the FCC for a high-power DBS license in 1981 and is the sole surviving DBS pioneer from that first round of forward-thinking applicants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Direct_broadcast_satellite (855 words)

	The Battle of the Bands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		Today's communications satellites covering Asia, Australia and the Middle East transmit hundreds of satellite TV signals; however, all of these satellite TV broadcasts are not created equal.
		At the dawn of the Satellite Age during the mid-1960s, microwave engineers decided to carry forward the existing radar terminology and apply it to the communications satellite bands as well.
		References to any satellite's orbital location, as well as to the intervals between adjacent satellites, are made in degrees of longitude.
	www.mlesat.com /Article9.html (1953 words)

	FCC To Approve Satellite Pay-Radio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		The FCC stated it does not expect the new CD-quality digital satellite radio stations to divert enough listeners from traditional radio stations to cause concern.
		The FCC is expected to include some "public service obligations" with the licensing of these new digital satellite broadcasters.
		The broadcasters are expected to market the digital satellite stations mostly to people who spent large amounts of time in their cars.
	www.nyls.edu /cmc/papers/satradio.htm (268 words)

	Satellite Broadcasters Challenged By DTV - Technology News by TechWeb
		Cable and satellite TV customers will need to use off-air antennae to receive the first digital terrestrial broadcasts scheduled to begin Nov. 1, because first-generation DTVs won't be equipped to receive digital broadcast via cable.
		Some analysts question whether it makes economic sense for satellite broadcasters to use their limited capacity to carry digital broadcasts, which hog bandwidth.
		Each satellite transponder is limited to 27-megabit-per-second throughput, and a High Definition TV signal is expected to use 19 Mbps, according to Jayant.
	www.techweb.com /wire/story/TWB19980917S0003 (765 words)

	RV Satellite TV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		The satellites' movement through space exactly matches the rotation of the earth so as seen by an observer on the ground they seem to remain in the same spot, making it possible to point an antenna at them.
		Connect the A side of the switch to the satellite receiver input and the B side to where the factory-installed coax was originally connected, or visa versa.
		Hook up the cables, turn power on to the satellite receiver and television, and tune the television to the input channel for the satellite receiver.
	home.comcast.net /~morodat/rv_satellite_tv.html (2691 words)

	ACC Satellite TV - Northern California SVHA Network Channels
		Due to the limited number of channels that can be carried on satellite, and economics (the cost of rebroadcasting all those channels), it is currently not feasible to carry every broadcast channel in the US on satellite.
		Congress also slapped "Must Carry Regulations" on Satellite Broadcasters, meaning that if a satellite broadcaster carries one station in a DMA they must carry every qualifying station in the DMA without any regard to whether or not any customers want that station.
		This is not free market activity - satellite broadcasters are forced by federal law to carry some channels even when the satellite broadcaster and their customers do not want to spend scarce channel capacity and resources on carrying the channel.
	www.accsat.com /networkchs.htm (1695 words)

	Ultimate AV: Satellite Broadcasters Will Be First with HDTV
		While local broadcasters scramble to comply with FCC mandates to be HD-ready by 1999, satellite services are almost there.
		Local broadcasters must attach new transmitters to already overloaded towers or build new towers at extraordinary expense, fighting municipal and environmental restrictions all the way.
		By contrast, the cost to satellite services is relatively low, and the benefits to consumers are immediate.
	www.guidetohometheater.com /news/10235/index.html (381 words)

	Voom To Use News Corp. Software In TV Gear Through NDS - SatelliteGuys.US
		NDS is a pioneer in developing TV solutions for some of the most successful satellite broadcasters around the world.
		NDS digital satellite solutions are designed to grow with your business, as you grow subscriber numbers and introduce new services.
		Satellite broadcasters can also offer profitable interactive services separate from TV content, such as betting and gaming solutions, which have proven to be the main digital television revenue drivers.
	www.satelliteguys.us /showthread.php?t=3700 (1707 words)

	Cable slips amid satellite competition \| CNET News.com
		Direct broadcast satellite services have grown, with subscribers up to 7.2 million, from 5 million in June 1997.
		Some direct broadcast satellite (DBS) industry experts have pegged the number of DBS subscribers as currently closer to 9 million.
		Although direct-to-home satellite services have made but a small dent in cable's armor, the potential of the industry is huge.
	news.com.com /2100-1033_3-219248.html (545 words)

	USATODAY.com - Satellite radio to tune in 'Maxim' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-18)
		NEW YORK — Satellite radio is moving toward adding more edgy programming that could help differentiate it from commercial broadcasting the way that HBO stands out from free TV.
		Meanwhile, shock jock Howard Stern is threatening to jump to satellite from Viacom's Infinity Broadcasting to escape a federal broadcast decency crackdown.
		As closed pay services, satellite broadcasters are free from regulatory limits on over-the-air radio.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/news/2004-06-06-maximradio_x.htm (483 words)

	RV Satellite TV
		TV satellite service to the United States is provided by two companies, DIRECTV and Dish Network.
		American Satellite will equip up to four rooms in your home for free, which means a single dish and one receiver per room.
		American Satellite & Entertainment has an independent national network of installers to ensure your experience of getting DIRECTV is fast, professional, and easy on you.
	www.americansatellite.com /satellite-news-article.asp/Key/27 (1049 words)

	Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (Freedom to provide ...
		Member States shall remain free to require television broadcasters under their jurisdiction to lay down more detailed or stricter rules in the areas covered by this Directive.
		According to Article 2 of the Convention, "transmission" means the initial emission by terrestrial transmitter, by cable or by satellite of whatever nature, in encoded or unencoded form, of television programme services for reception by the general public.
		It is only in the case of satellite transmissions, if responsibility cannot be established under Article 5(2)(b)(i) and (ii), that Article 5(2) refers to the State in which the broadcaster has its seat (point (iii) of Article 5(2)(b)).
	www.worldlii.org /eu/cases/EUECJ/1996/C22294.html (4326 words)

	Is HD Radio the Cure for Radio Broadcasters’ Satellite Radio Woes? \| ABI Research
		With more than nine million paying subscribers acquired within the span of approximately four years, satellite radio is one of the fastest-growing technologies ever.
		Because this is one of the few differentiators that terrestrial broadcasters have left.
		You must be a subscriber to the to view the Is HD Radio the Cure for Radio Broadcasters’ Satellite Radio Woes?
	www.abiresearch.com /products/insight/Is_HD_Radio_the_Cure_for_Radio_Broadcasters_Satellite_Radio_Woes (211 words)

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