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Topic: Brodmann area 10

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Tokugawa Yoshinobu

	Brodmann area 10 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brodmann area 10, or BA10, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain.
		Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded dorsally by the granular frontal area 9, caudally by the middle frontal area 46, and ventrally by the orbital area 47 and by the rostral area 12 or, in an early version of Brodmann's cortical map (Brodmann-1909), the prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann-1909.
		Compared to area 6 of Brodmann-1909, area 10 has a subtle but clearly present internal granular layer (IV); layer 3b of the of the external pyramidal layer (III) is weakly developed and composed of medium sized pyramidal cells; and the internal pyramidal layer (V) is more developed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brodmann_area_10 (546 words)

	Brodmann area - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brodmann Areas in the Human Brain with an Emphasis on Vision and Language
		A Brodmann area is a region in the brain cortex defined in many different species based on its cytoarchitecture.
		Brodmann areas were originally defined by Korbinian Brodmann and referred to by numbers from 1 to 52.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brodmann_area (150 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		Brodmann's a.’s areas of the cerebral cortex distinguished by hypothesized differences in the arrangement of their six cellular layers and identified by numbers; although the histologic basis is in dispute, the topographic numbering is widely used as a descriptor for mapping cortical locations that control different functions of the nervous system and the body.
		Brodmann's area 18, an area of the occipital cortex partly surrounding the striate cortex and having some of the functions of an association area for visual sensations.
		Brodmann's area 19, an area of the occipital cortex partly surrounding the striate cortex and having some functions of an association area for visual sensations.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_a_59zPzhtm (2550 words)

	Lecture Notes on The Child As Psychologist
		The prefrontal areas where these neurons are located are reciprocally connected with abundant projections to and from the posterior parietal cortex and the premotor area.
		Studies in macaques show that Brodmann area 8 is necessary for conditional reasoning that requires a decision on which object to manipulate.
		Brodmann Areas 9, 10, and 11 are involved in cognitive processes like reasoning and judgement, which may be collectively called biological intelligence.
	shamimkhaliq.50megs.com /Psychology/ChildDevelopment/Theory_Of_Mind/theChildAsPsychologist.htm (9288 words)

	Title
		One of these is a whole cortical area located in the frontal polar cortex (Brodmann's area 10), and the other is a morphologically distinctive cell type, the spindle neuron of the anterior cingulate cortex.
		Although the anterior cingulate deals with the individual's immediate response to changing conditions, area 10 is involved in the retrieval of memories from the individual's past experience and the capacity to plan adaptive responses.
		Thus in area 18, these zones of increased immunoreactivity coincide with the compartments revealing increased cytochrome oxidase activity, whereas the distribution of PARV and CALB is almost complementary in the subcortical visual centre and in the primary visual cortex (area 17) of New World monkeys.
	home.gwu.edu /~zandra/Reference.htm (18555 words)

	Researchers Identify Brain's Moral Center [Free Republic]
		Results from brain scans taken as these judgments were being considered showed that making moral choices was associated with activation of the brain's frontal poles--an area known as Brodmann area 10.
		And when the brain's Brodmann area 10 is completely absent from birth it is known as "Clinton's Syndrome."
		And when the brain's Brodmann areas 10 is subject to strong drug use it is known as "liberalism."
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3911737d2d27.htm (934 words)

	Brain Noradrenergic Receptors in Major Depression and Schizophrenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tissues were placed on dry ice for 10 min and then stored at -82°C. The location of Brodmann's area 10 was confirmed cytoarchitectonically (Rajkowska and Goldman-Rakic 1995 a, b; Rajkowska et al.
		Brodmann's area 10 (studied in the present paper) could be clearly distinguished from more posteriorly located areas 8 and 9 by a distinct cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic pattern of cortical composition (Rajkowska and Goldman-Rakic 1995a, 1995b).
		Rajkowska G, Goldman-Rakic PS (1995a): Cytoarchitectonic definition of prefrontal areas in the normal human cortex: I. Remapping of areas 9 and 46 using quantitative criteria.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/dynapage.taf?file=/npp/journal/v21/n1/full/1395317a.html (6718 words)

	The Human Brain
		Brodmann assigned numbers to various brain regions by analyzing each area's cellular structure starting from the central sulcus [the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes].
		As you may notice, many of the areas that are involved in the same general cognitive functions are numbered sequentially (or almost).
		Areas that perform the same tasks use essentially the same types of cells.
	www.umich.edu /~cogneuro/jpg/Brodmann.html (242 words)

	Prefrontal Cortex in Bipolar Disorder -- Neurotransmitter.net
		RESULTS: Area 9 in BPD was characterized by reduced neuronal density in layer III (16%-22%) and reduced pyramidal cell density in layers III and V (17%-30%).
		No differences in apoD immunoreactivity were detected in occipital cortex (Brodmann's area 18) in either group, or in the hippocampus, substantia nigra, or cerebellum of the schizophrenic group.
		Areas of the lateral orbital, superior temporal and posterior cingulate cortices project to this network, but morphometric abnormalities in these areas have not been established in BD.
	www.neurotransmitter.net /bipolarpfc.html (16731 words)

	The Neural Correlates of Reasoning -- Neurotransmitter.net
		Areas in right temporal, occipital and parietal cortex and the medial superior cerebellum appear to be differentially involved in object-based spatial transformations.
		Although both area 45 and area 47/12 as defined here had complex multimodal input, they could be differentiated in terms of some of their inputs.
		Conjunction analysis revealed a network of brain areas jointly activated during conscious REST as compared to the nine cognitive tasks, including the bilateral angular gyrus, the left anterior precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex, the left medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortex, the left superior and medial frontal sulcus, and the left inferior frontal cortex.
	www.neurotransmitter.net /reasoning.html (16537 words)

	International Child Development Resource Center
		The brain areas involved in the self-induced, meditational dissolution and reconstitution of the experience of the self (right fronto-temporal) are discussed in the context of neural substrates implicated in normal self-representation and reality testing, as well as in depersonalization disorders and detachment from self after brain lesions.
		This activation of frontotemporal areas indicates that the observed enhancement of mood and possibly the increased extroversion rely on modulation of limbic orbitofrontal and anterotemporal structures known to be involved in emotional processes.
		Areas of theta increase were mainly the left temporo-occipito-parietal and left prefrontal cortices, which is consistent with PET studies on buspirone-induced decreases in regional cerebral blood flow and fenfluramine-induced serotonin activation demonstrated by changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism.
	www.icdrc.org /loreta.html (13124 words)

	neuromarketing
		For all their differences, objects and celebrity faces were reduced to a common denominator: a spasm of synapses in a part of the cortex called Brodmann's area 10, a region associated with a sense of identity and social image.
		At one extreme were people whose brains responded intensely to "cool" products and celebrities with bursts of activity in Brodmann's area 10 — but reacted not at all to the "uncool" displays.
		Instead, the scanner detected the agitation in brain areas associated with anxiety and pain, suggesting she found it embarrassing to be seen in something insufficiently stylish.
	www.deanramsden.com /neuromarketing.htm (2844 words)

	The Pyramidal Cell in Cognition: A Comparative Study in Human and Monkey -- Elston et al. 21 (17): 163 -- Journal of ...
		and the anterior frontal lobe (Brodmann's area 10).
		Elston GN (2001) Interlaminar differences in the pyramidal cell phenotype in cortical areas 7m and STP (the superior temporal polysensory area) of the macaque monkey.
		Walker AE (1940) A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal areas of the macaque monkey.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/21/17/RC163 (3792 words)

	Silent Ischemia as a Central Problem: Regional Brain Activation Compared in Silent and Painful Myocardial Ischemia -- ...
		These areas show the difference in frontal activation between patients with silent ischemia and those with angina pectoris and the difference in the time course of activation between the frontal areas and the thalami.
		Thus, the regional cerebral blood flow changes in Brodmann area 24 and Brodmann area 10 during myocardial ischemia are significantly greater in patients with angina pectoris than in patients with silent ischemia.
		Although the regional cerebral blood flow increases in Brodmann area 24 and Brodmann area 10 entirely resolved by the baseline 3 scan, thalamic regional cerebral blood flow remained increased in both patient groups during the scan done after ischemia.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/124/11/939 (6230 words)

	Obrocki J, Schmoldt A, Buchert R, Andresen B, Petersen K, Thomasius R (2002). Specific neurotoxicity of chronic use of ...
		While there were trends for ecstasy users to have lower FDG uptake in various areas (cingulate, Brodmann's area 11) and higher uptake in one area (Brodmann area 10), these differences were all non-significant.
		Cumulative ecstasy use was unrelated to FDG uptake in cingulate, putamen, caudate, amygdala, hippocampus, Brodmann area 10 (all areas examined in correlational analyses).
		While FDG uptake differed in other areas, these differences did not reach statistical significance, and there was no single brain area whose FDG uptake distinguished all ecstasy users from all controls.
	www.maps.org /research/mdma/litupdates/human/comparisons/06.02/obrocki2002.html (1511 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		SDS buffer (10 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.2, 100 mM NaCl, 2mM EDTA, 1% SDS) and incubation at 100 ºC for 5 min was used to extract proteins for the analysis of tau.
		Crude nuclei were collected by centrifugation at 3000 rpm (1000xg) for 10 min and resuspended in 360 ul Buffer B (10 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 4 mM MgCl2, 250 mM sucrose, and protease inhibitors).
		Chromatin was cross-linked by adding 10 µl 37% formaldehyde with rotation at 40C for 10 min and room temperature for 20 min.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v429/n6994/extref/nature02661-s1.doc (1345 words)

	Publications - 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A network of areas was identified consisting of a temporoparietal pathway running between the precuneus and parahippocampi via retrosplenial cortex and the parieto-occipital sulcus, left hippocampus, bilateral posterior parietal, dorsolateral, ventrolateral and anterior prefrontal cortices, and the anterior cingulate.
		The anterior area showed higher blood flow with the high rate of shifts in spatial attention, while the posterior area showed higher flow during the low rate conditions, where attention was sustained for longer on one side.
		Lesion studies have revealed specific brain areas, particularly the cerebellum, to be essential for a variety of coordinated movements, and lend support to the view that the cerebellum is engaged in the integration of simple movements into compound ones.
	www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk /pubsnew/xml/pubs2001ab.html (17014 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, (NAS Colloquium) Neuroimaging of Human Brain Function (1998)
		This area was somewhat unexpectedly identified as being involved in the analysis of word meaning (semantics).
		Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
		Such anatomic separation in the left prefrontal areas was not found in two studies that compared semantic and phonological generation tasks.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309060273/html/144.html (7979 words)

	DNA-methyltransferase 1 mRNA is selectively overexpressed in telencephalic GABAergic interneurons of schizophrenia ...
		(Scale bar, 10 µm.) At the bottom left of each panel is a large magnification of the cells indicated by arrowheads.
		Colocalization of reelin mRNA and DNMT1protein in BA10 (layer I/II) of one SZP.
		Abbreviations: BA, Brodmann's area; CN, caudate nucleus; DNMT,
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/1/348 (4689 words)

	Neural responses during Valsalva maneuvers in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome -- Henderson et al. 94 (3): 1063 -- ...
		Areas of significant difference in signal intensity between control and OSA subjects during each Valsalva maneuver in deep brain structures (P < 0.05; corresponding to t > 2).
		Areas within the hippocampus that showed muted signals in OSA overlapped areas of gray matter loss (24).
		Areas of altered responsivity have the neuroanatomic and
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/94/3/1063 (6211 words)

	Dysregulation of human brain microtubule-associated tau mRNA maturation in myotonic dystrophy type 1 -- Sergeant et al. ...
		Arrowheads indicate the distribution of tau protein isoforms and the exon content is represented according to the presence or the absence of the alternatively spliced sequences 2, 3 and 10.
		34), parietal (areas 7 and 39) and occipital (areas 17 and 18)
		10 Hunter, A., Tsilfidis, C., Mettler, G., Jacob, P., Mahadevan, M., Surh, L. and Korneluk, R. (1992) The correlation of age of onset with CTG trinucleotide repeat amplification in myotonic dystrophy.
	hmg.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/10/19/2143 (8133 words)

	Whose Brain Is It Anyway? (The Further Hobbit Adventures). The Loom: A blog about life, past and future
		In last year's report, Falk's team pointed out an area on the front of the Hobbit brain that was remarkably enlarged.
		Known as Brodmann's area 10, it is also enlarged in humans, and is associated with planning and taking iniative.
		As for Brodmann's area 10, Falk's team points out that it is smooth on the microcephalic brains shown in the German report and convoluted on the Hobbit's.
	www.corante.com /loom/archives/2005/10/14/whose_brain_is_it_anyway_the_further_hobbit_adventures.php (2313 words)

	John Hawks Anthropology Weblog : From one microcephalic to twenty
		assert that seven of their microcephalic endocasts have a relatively expanded Brodmann's area 10 similar to LB1, but none of the five microcephalic endocasts in their figure 3 reproduce the two distinct, enlarged convolutions seen in the region of area 10 in LB1 (Falk et al.
		If this is the best evidence that can be produced from a sample of 19 microcephalics, we suggest that the authors reconsider their position on the microcephalic hypothesis regarding Homo floresiensis.
		(2005), has over 30 percent of endocasts with enlargement in Brodmann's area 10, and if it has some endocasts that are relatively broad with low transverse sinuses, it would be hard to say that LB1 lies outside their range of variability.
	johnhawks.net /weblog/fossils/flores/weber_microcephaly_comment_2005.html (1442 words)

	Analysis of Neural Interactions Explains the Activation of Occipital Cortex by an Auditory Stimulus -- McIntosh et al. ...
		Area of left dorsal occipital cortex that changed activity as a function of learning.
		Interactions between occipital areas and the salient regions identified by PLS were quantified with covariance structural
		Models are displayed graphically on a horizontal brain section, and numbers on the section refer to Brodmann area designations.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/80/5/2790 (3048 words)

	Corticolimbic interactions associated with performance on a short-term memory task are modified by age. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		We investigated whether the functional interactions between the hippocampus and related cortical areas were modified by age.
		Young and old subjects' brain activity was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) while they performed a short-term memory task (delayed visual discrimination) in which they determined which of two successively presented sine-wave gratings had the highest spatial frequency.
		Unlike the neural network engaged by the young, which included prefrontal cortex Brodmann's area (BA) 10, fusiform gyrus, and posterior cingulate gyrus, the network recruited by the old included more anterior areas, i.e., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 9/46), middle cingulate gyrus, and caudate nucleus.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_11069948.html (263 words)

	Abstract15 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Previous research has suggested qualitative regional variations in pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells (Ramón y Cajal, 1911) and quantitative regional differences in the basilar dendrites of pyramidal cells (Jacobs et al., 1997).
		The present study quantitatively compares dendritic extent of spine-free nonpyramidal cells in Brodmann's area (BA) 10 and BA18 of the human cerebral cortex.
		Tissue was obtained from the left hemisphere of ten neurologically normal adults ranging in age from 23 to 73 years (Mean=44±18).
	www.coloradocollege.edu /IDProg/Neuroscience/Abstracts/abs16.html (208 words)

	Brain Scans Draw A Dark Image Of The Violent Mind (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Specifically, many violent impulses seem to arise in the amygdala, hypothalamus and periaquaductal gray area of the brain, said Allan Siegel, a neuroscientist who studies cats at the New Jersey Medical School in Newark.
		In fact, he said, different parts of the hypothalamus, at least in cats, are involved in different types of violence - the cold, premeditated type (such as stalking prey) and impulsive acts of rage.
		Violent images activate a region called Brodmann area 10, she said, while pleasant images activate Brodmann area 32.
	www.rense.com /general21/vio.htm (1436 words)

	Estrogen modifies brain cortical serotonin receptors
		They carried out positron emission tomography (PET) of serotonin receptor binding with [18F]deuteroaltanserin in 10 postmenopausal women before and after an average of 10 weeks' treatment with estrogen replacement therapy (ERT).
		RESULTS: 5-HT(2A) receptor binding was significantly increased after estrogen replacement therapy in the right prefrontal cortex (right precentral gyrus [Brodmann's area 9], inferior frontal gyrus [Brodmann's area 47], medial frontal gyrus [Brodmann's area 6, 10] and the anterior cingulate cortex [Brodmann's area 32]).
		In the inferior frontal gyrus [Brodmann's area 44]), receptor up-regulation was correlated with change in plasma estradiol.
	www.anapsid.org /cnd/hormones/serotonin.html (364 words)

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