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Topic: Brodmann area 2

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Brodmann area 38

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	Korbinian Brodmann - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some of these areas were later associated to nervous functions, such as areas 41 and 42 in the temporal lobe (related to hearing), areas 1, 2 and 3 in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe (the somatosensory region), and the areas 17 and 18 in the occipital lobe (the primary visual areas).
		Brodmann studied medicine in Munich, Würzburg, Berlin and Freiburg, where he received his medical diploma in 1895.
		Korbinian Brodmann, Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde in ihren Prinzipien dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues, Johann Ambrosius Barth Verlag, Leipzig, 1909.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Korbinian_Brodmann (478 words)

	Brodmann area - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Brodmann area is a region in the brain cortex defined in many different species based on its cytoarchitecture.
		Brodmann areas were originally defined by Korbinian Brodmann and referred to by numbers from 1 to 52.
		52 - Parainsular area (at the junction of the temporal lobe and the insula)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brodmann_area (417 words)

	Brodmann
		Cytoarchitecturally bounded rostrally by the preparietal area 5 and the caudal postcentral area 2; caudally by the peristriate area 19; and medially by the dorsal posterior cingulate area 31.
		Cytoarchitecturally bounded on the rostral and lateral aspects of the hemisphere by the frontopolar area 10, the orbital area 47, and the triangular area 45; on the medial surface it is bounded dorsally by the area 12 and caudally by the subgenual area 25.
		Cytoarchitecturally bounded caudally by the angular area 39, rostrally and dorsally by the caudal postcentral area 2, and ventrally by the subcentral area 43 and the superior temporal area 22.
	spot.colorado.edu /~dubin/talks/brodmann/neuronames.html (2127 words)

	BASIC CEREBRAL CORTEX FUNCTION OTHER THAN VISION
		Brodmann area 42 is the auditory association cortex which probably includes among its functions the discrimination of sequences of sound patterns.
		The posterior and lower portion of area 6 is known as the premotor cortex (PMC), whereas the anterior and upper portion of area 6 is known as the supplementary motor area (SMA).
		Since virtually all sensory areas are posterior to the central sulcus, areas not devoted to primary sensation in the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes are regarded as "sensory association cortex".
	www.benbest.com /science/anatmind/anatmd6.html (5875 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		Brodmann's a.’s areas of the cerebral cortex distinguished by hypothesized differences in the arrangement of their six cellular layers and identified by numbers; although the histologic basis is in dispute, the topographic numbering is widely used as a descriptor for mapping cortical locations that control different functions of the nervous system and the body.
		Brodmann's area 18, an area of the occipital cortex partly surrounding the striate cortex and having some of the functions of an association area for visual sensations.
		Brodmann's area 19, an area of the occipital cortex partly surrounding the striate cortex and having some functions of an association area for visual sensations.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_a_59zPzhtm (2571 words)

	Korbinian Brodmann (www.whonamedit.com)
		The occipital and pre-occipital area of the cerebral cortex.
		Brodmann argued that the human cortex is organized anatomically in the same way as the cortex of all other mammals.
		Brodmann's career in Berlin was marred by the surprise rejection by the Medical Faculty of his "Habilitation" thesis on the prosimian cortex.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/1264.html (675 words)

	Ann Intern Med -- Rosen et al. 124 (11): 939 Figure 2
		These areas show the difference in frontal activation between patients with silent ischemia and those with angina pectoris and the difference in the time course of activation between the frontal areas and the thalami.
		Thus, the regional cerebral blood flow changes in Brodmann area 24 and Brodmann area 10 during myocardial ischemia are significantly greater in patients with angina pectoris than in patients with silent ischemia.
		Although the regional cerebral blood flow increases in Brodmann area 24 and Brodmann area 10 entirely resolved by the baseline 3 scan, thalamic regional cerebral blood flow remained increased in both patient groups during the scan done after ischemia.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content-nw/full/124/11/939/F2 (189 words)

	Brain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The space between neurons is filled with dendrites as well as unmyelinated segments of axons; this area is referred to as the neuropil.
		Injuries to the brain tend to affect large areas of the organ, sometimes causing major deficits in intelligence, memory, and movement.
		Similarly, a positron emission tomography (PET), is able to monitor glucose metabolism in different areas within the brain which can be correlated to the level of activity in that region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brain (3678 words)

	Maintenance
		A Brodmann piano consists of thousands of different moving parts, all of which have been expertly set up, regulated and tuned by the factory to produce the final instrument you purchased.
		Over 80% of your Brodmann is made from a special selected type of spruce, the best quality wood for the transmission of sound.
		It is very important to stand your Brodmann in the correct place within your room, not only for the best results for sound production, but also to ensure that no other external factors detrimentally affect the piano in any way.
	www.brodmann-pianos.com /index.php?id=97 (841 words)

	Neurosquatemetric Briefs
		Applications are finding the area under a curve (the area under a speed-time graph gives the distance covered in that time) and the gradient or tangent of curves (the gradient of a distance-time graph at a particular time gives the speed at that point).
		Area Grid Theme — A grid theme used to define the geographic extent of your study area.
		Different areas of the cerebral cortex are involved in sensory and motor function, intellectual and cognitive abilities, short-term memory, speech, and control of other activities such as the autonomic nervous system.
	neurosirs.org /_wsn/page4.html (2834 words)

	ScienceWeek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The language functions are primarily associated with 3 of the cytoarchitectonic areas defined by Brodmann: 1) Brodmann area 22, at the junction of the parietal and temporal lobes (also known as Wernicke's area); 2) Brodmann areas 44 and 45, in the ventral and posterior region of the frontal lobe (also known as Broca's area).
		Several of these areas are activated only unilaterally in the dominant hemisphere, and one of the regions exhibiting robust unilateral activation during processing of language-related signals is located in the posterior part of the first temporal *gyrus and the posterior temporal plane.
		Activated brain areas utilize more oxygen, which transiently decreases the levels of oxyhemoglobin and increases the levels of deoxyhemoglobin, and within seconds the brain microvasculature responds to the local change by increasing the flow of oxygen-rich blood into the active area.
	scienceweek.com /2000/sw001117.htm (10851 words)

	jeffprentice.net
		Visual area V4 is one of the visual areas in the extrastriate visual cortex of the macaque monkey.
		Visual area V5, also known as visual area MT (middle/medial temporal), is a region in the extrastriate cortex that appears to process complex visual motion stimuli.
		The main purpose was to map the areas of the human brain that changed rCBF during (1) the storage, (2) retrieval from long-term memory, and (3) recognition of complex visual geometrical patterns.
	jeffprentice.net /009.htm (10714 words)

	The Human Brain
		Brodmann assigned numbers to various brain regions by analyzing each area's cellular structure starting from the central sulcus [the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes].
		As you may notice, many of the areas that are involved in the same general cognitive functions are numbered sequentially (or almost).
		Areas that perform the same tasks use essentially the same types of cells.
	www.umich.edu /~cogneuro/jpg/Brodmann.html (242 words)

	BrodmannAreas - Imaging Wiki
		Brodmann (1909) classified brain regions based on their cytoarchitecture (basically, the appearance of the cortex under the light microscope).
		For example, the 'stripe' of the striate cortex delineates the first main cortical area of the visual system (today this area is usually referred to as V1, Brodmann called it area 17).
		However, it is important to remember that Brodmann's Areas (BAs) were identified purely based on visual appearance, which is not necessarily related to function.
	imaging.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk /imaging/BrodmannAreas (864 words)

	Reliability of Functional MR Imaging with Word-Generation Tasks for Mapping Broca's Area -- Brannen et al. 22 (9): 1711 ...
		area 45, as the pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus;
		Brodmann areas 9, 44, 45 and 46, it was not tabulated.
		A, Activation is evident in the pars triangularis and pars opercularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 44 and 45) in a patient performing an LWG task.
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/full/22/9/1711 (3549 words)

	Area
		Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia
		Archaeological Areas of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Torre Annunziata
		The white area in the upper lobe is cancer, the fl areas indicate the patient was a smoker.
	www.websters-dictionary-online.net /ar/area.html (4642 words)

	Amazon.com: Brodmann's: Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex: Books: K. Brodmann,L.J. Garey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Even today it forms the basis for so-called "localisation" of function in the cerebral cortex, and Brodmann's "areas" are still used to designate functional regions in the cortex, the part of the brain that brings the world that surrounds us into consciousness.
		Indeed, Brodmann's famous "maps" of the cerebral cortex of humans, monkeys and other mammals must be among the most commonly reproduced figures in neurobiological publishing.
		As Laurence Garey, too, used Brodmann’s findings and maps in his neurobiological work, and had the good fortune to have access to a copy of the book, he decided to read the complete text and soon discovered that this was much more than just a report of laboratory findings of a turn-of-the-twentieth-century neurologist.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/external-search?mode=blended&keyword=Brodmann's_area&tag=ecomplex (888 words)

	Brocas area
		Broca's area is the section of the human brain (in the opercular and triangular sections of the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe of the cortex) which is involved in language processing, speech production and comprehension.
		It can also be described as Brodmann's Area 44 and 45 and is connected to Wernicke's area by a neural pathway called the arcuate fasciculus.
		Broca's area is named after Pierre Paul Broca, who first described it in 1861, after conducting a post mortem on a speech impaired patient.
	www.mrsci.com /Neuroscience/Brocas_area.php (280 words)

	Reasoning Errors In The Current Models of Human Cognition
		In most of areas of research, it is possible to take for granted that the model space is small, but this is not true when dealing with models of human thinking.
		For example, even though the size of Brodmann's area 17 (now called V1) can vary from one individual to the next by 2- to 3-fold (3, 5), area 17 (V1) is always next to area 18 (V2) and never has area 19 (V3) as a nearest neighbor.
		Area 18 is around area 17 by definition, so it is stupid to wonder why it is always there.
	www.human-brain.org /errors.html (11784 words)

	APStracts 2:0040N, 1995. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Several areas in the monkey dorsal visual pathway, including the dorsal part of the medial superior temporal area, have been found to contain cells responding to movements of a wide visual field, and are suggested to be involved in analyzing self-induced motion information.
		In the lateral occipito-temporo-parietal cortex, the coherent movement specifically activated two separate areas; a posterior focus was located at the border of the right occipitotemporal gyri, and a dorsoanterior focus was located bilaterally in the temporoparietal cortex.
		A fine anatomic localization using individual magnetic resonance images was performed for the bilateral activation in the temporoparietal cortex, which was found to be located mainly in the depth of the inferior parietal lobule and a small portion of the superior and middle temporal gyri.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1995/jn/April/40n.html (489 words)

	Two component functions of the hippocampal memory system
		The perirhinal cortex, composed of Brodmann's areas 35 and 36 bordering the rhinal sulcus, is also distinguishable in both the rat and monkey, although the extent of its borders in the rat are not fully clear.
		The parahippocampal cortex in the monkey is clearly distinguished as the combination of von Bonin and Bailey's areas TH and TF lying posterior to the perirhinal cortex.
		Furthermore, each of these areas is reciprocally connected with both neocortical areas and with the hippocampal formation, and thus serves as the major intermediary in communication between the hippocampal formation and neocortex.
	www.bbsonline.org /Preprints/OldArchive/bbs.eichenbaum.html (19106 words)

	AFFERENT MOTOR APHASIAS
		The tertiary sensory area was identified generally as the "posteroinferior parietal area" and more specifically identified with the remainder of the
		About 40% of cases with lesions in the primary and secondary sensory areas involve difficulty in controlling movements of the articulatory apparatus that is so gross as to border on dysarthria.
		In 95% of cases with lesions of the tertiary sensory area dysphasia is apparent.
	www.wanprc.org /luria/afferentmotor1.html (700 words)

	Fine-Scale Organization of SI (Area 3b) in the Squirrel Monkey Revealed With Intrinsic Optical Imaging -- Chen et al. ...
		A brief electrophysiological mapping procedure was used to locate the fingerpad region of Brodmann area 3b prior to imaging.
		2, stimulation of single fingerpads typically led to foci of dense cortical activations.
		of Brodmann area 3b in the primates and is distinguishable from
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/86/6/3011 (8817 words)

	The AFNI TTatlas+tlrc Dataset — AFNI and NIfTI Server for NIMH/NIH/PHS/DHHS/USA/Earth
		The complete list of area and gyral names is given in the dataset description below.
		In these TT*.txt files, the blanks in the region names have been replaced by the underscore "_" character, to make it easy to read the lines into a program (e.g.,Â inÂ C, one could use a format "%f%f%f%s" to read each line into 3 floats and a char array).
		This dataset has 2 byte-valued sub-bricks at 1 mm resolution (please note that it is stored at the "small Talairach brick" size).
	afni.nimh.nih.gov /afni/doc/misc/afni_ttatlas (513 words)

	Aphasia: Specific Syndromes (Nonfluent)
		According to FitzGerald,1996, the principal output from Broca's area is to cell columns in the tongue and face areas of the precentral gyrus.
		Broca's area itself is not affected, but the damage may extend down into the white matter including the white matter below Broca's area.
		There are motor areas in the thalamus and the basal ganglia that may have some kind of pre-motor function also.
	www.csuchico.edu /~pmccaff/syllabi/SPPA336/336unit7.html (833 words)

	Central Pathways and Processes of Vision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Appreciation of the image is done in a variety of association areas, particularly on the parietal and temporal lobes of the hemisphere.
		The cortex of area 17 is a mixture of simple and complex fields, and their interaction draws both the outlines (including stopping points) and relative movement of visual images.
		The midbrain tectum also receives axons from Brodmann area 19 of the cerebral cortex--the part of the primary occipital lobe cortex devoted to conscious direction of the gaze based on reception and appreciation of images.
	sky.bsd.uchicago.edu /lcy_ref/synap/visualpath.html (2148 words)

	Brodmann area
		A Brodmann area is a region in the brain cortex defined by its histologic characteristics.
		New research from Harvard Medical School (HMS) investigators has identified an area of the brain where such memories are found.
		Thanks to a closer look at unexpected data, University of Oregon researchers may have tapped into a developmentally based explanation for why kids respond as they do.
	www.mrsci.com /Neuroscience/Brodmann_area.php (314 words)

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