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	Barnett Newman's 'Broken Obelisk.' - sculpture Art Journal - Find Articles
		Broken Obelisk is not just another example of the creative process as conceived in the 1950s by the New York School, the successor to Abstract Expressionism, and its critics.
		At the very least, Broken Obelisk distills and exemplifies a basic conception of the generation of World War II and earlier: the triumph of life over death and the human spirit over suffering.
		Broken Obelisk stands as part of a long Romantic tradition that began at the end of the eighteenth century and still lives today: the quest to honor, and sometimes, to expiate, the dead, especially the war dead.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0425/is_n4_v53/ai_16548158 (754 words)

	Obelisk to be broken up to return to Ethiopia
		The 1,700-year-old obelisk was broken into pieces for its journey from Ethiopia to Italy, and technicians say it will be re-broken along some of the same lines for the trip home.
		The obelisk, which is too massive to lift and fly back in one piece, was broken up on its trip to Italy, then cemented together and held up with bronze rods.
		She said breaking the obelisk along the cement would be risky, and she argued that new clean cuts would be less likely to harm the monument.
	www.ethiomedia.com /news/obelisk_coming_home.html (593 words)

	Barnett Newman :: East Terrace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Broken Obelisk, currently displayed on the East Terrace of the Museum, is Barnett Newman's most massive sculpture and yet his most soaring.
		The deliberately rough surface of the steel lends a weathered appearance that reinforces the sense of the pyramid and obelisk as ancient forms, despite the utter modernity of the sculpture.
		The other versions of Broken Obelisk are permanently installed in front of the Rothko Chapel in Houston (where it is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.) and on the University of Washington campus in Seattle.
	www.philamuseum.org /micro_sites/exhibitions/newman/galleries/east-terrace.shtml (322 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : A Forest of Obelisks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		One theory suggests that they dug funnel-shaped holes in the sand, slid the obelisks over the lip of the funnel and down the side - until the bottom of the obelisks came to rest neatly in the neck of the funnel - and then dug away the sand, leaving the obelisks erect.
		All but the Vatican Obelisk had long since toppled and vanished, of course, but Sixtus knew that the others must be buried in the ruins of Rome; their size made them almost impossible to remove - even if broken into several pieces - and the stone of which they were made was almost indestructible.
		Among them was the first obelisk ever to be brought to Rome and the third largest; it had stood in the Circus Maximus and was re-erected in 1589 in the center of the magnificent Piazza del Popolo.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197902/a.forest.of.obelisks.htm (2233 words)

	Barnett Newman's 'Broken Obelisk.' - sculpture Art Journal - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Broken Obelisk is not just another example of the creative process as conceived in the 1950s by the New York School, the successor to Abstract Expressionism, and its critics.
		Broken Obelisk is thus a product of widespread ideas and traditions in modern times and not simply the personal musing of a self-referential artist.
		Broken Obelisk stands as part of a long Romantic tradition that began at the end of the eighteenth century and still lives today: the quest to honor, and sometimes, to expiate, the dead, especially the war dead.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0425/is_n4_v53/ai_16548158 (771 words)

	The Broken Obelisk -- www.rothkochapel.org
		The “Broken Obelisk” came to Houston as part of a 1967 government program that gave funds for monumental works of contemporary art in public places.
		Newman constructed three Broken Obelisks – one is here in Houston, one is in the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the third on the campus of the University of Washington in Seattle.
		The Obelisk’s wellbeing remained unstable until August, 2004, when experts from the Menil were brought in to conserve it.
	www.rothkochapel.org /BrokenObelisk.htm (0 words)

	The Broken Obelisk -- www.rothkochapel.org
		The “Broken Obelisk” came to Houston as part of a 1967 government program that gave funds for monumental works of contemporary art in public places.
		Newman constructed three Broken Obelisks – one is here in Houston, one is in the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the third on the campus of the University of Washington in Seattle.
		The Obelisk’s wellbeing remained unstable until August, 2004, when experts from the Menil were brought in to conserve it.
	rothkochapel.org /BrokenObelisk.htm (692 words)

	Roman Monographies - Obelisks (part I)
		Most obelisks have a rather standard shape: a square base, slightly tapered towards their pyramidal top; the latter often has some kind of metallic structure added subsequently (a pinnacle, a coat of arms, a cross, etc.).
		The oldest and tallest obelisk in Rome is the one in piazza San Giovanni in Laterano, between the north door of St.John's basilica and the Lateran Palace.
		Since the monument was broken in several pieces and several fragments were missing, another ancient column found by the same square was sacrificed and cut for restoring the lost parts of the obelisk.
	roma.freewebpages.org /roma-co1.htm (1594 words)

	Obelisk of Queen Hapshetsut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Egyptian obelisks were always carved from single pieces of stone, usually pink granite from the distant quarries at Aswan, but exactly how they were transported hundreds of miles and then erected without block and tackle remains something of a mystery.
		While the obelisks are usually covered with inscriptions, these offer no clue to the function, but are instead commemorative notations indicating when and by whom the obelisk was carved.
		It has been suggested that the erection of the obelisk was a gesture symbolizing the 'djed' pillar, the Osirian symbol standing for the backbone of the physical world and the channel through which the divine spirit might rise to rejoin its source.
	www.sacredsites.com /africa/egypt/obelisk.html (746 words)

	NOVA Online \| Mysteries of the Nile \| March 18, 1999: By Camel to a Lost Obelisk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Once a pharaoh's builders had quarried an obelisk, the next step -- an atrociously labor-intensive one -- was to get it from the quarry to the Nile, where they would load it on a barge for shipping to Thebes or elsewhere.
		The ancient road at Gebel Simaan, with the broken obelisk in the foreground.
		In his 1922 book on the Unfinished Obelisk, he suggested two ways quarrymen might have wrestled obelisks out of a quarry: lengthwise on a track of wooden rollers, or widthwise, by rolling it over and over like timbermen do with newly toppled trees.
	www.pbs.org /search/redir/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/egypt/dispatches/990318.html (1395 words)

	Nassau County Museum of Art
		Newman's sculptures develop from the paintings and are three-dimensional equivalents of his rectangles, bands and triangles, reiterating the images of his canvases in solid matter.
		As both form and symbol, the pyramid (a place of ascent of the human spirit) and the obelisk (monument to life and renewal, broken relic of antiquity) fascinated Newman.
		The eye is pulled toward two areas of drama: the torn boundary at the highest point, and the fragile point where two weightly masses converge and balance, interacting at their points of maximum energy.
	www.nassaumuseum.com /outdoor/outdoorsculpture_abstract_newman.htm (0 words)

	Scripps Howard News Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Italians fixed the broken obelisk, and the government cabinet formally decided to send the whole thing back to Aksum, which was once capital of the ancient Aksumite empire.
		When the obelisk was grabbed from Aksum, it had already been lying in pieces on the ground for several hundred years.
		Considering that the biggest chunk of obelisk is expected to weigh 60 tons, the only possibility is to use a Russian-built Antonov or a U.S. military Galaxy C5 for the job, planes that are normally used for carrying tanks and armored personnel carriers.
	www.shns.com /shns/g_index2.cfm?action=detail&pk=OBELISK-10-27-03 (726 words)

	THE CITY HIPPODROME,The Egyptian Obeliks,The Walled Obelisk,The Serpentine Column,The German Fountain in istanbul,turkey
		The obelisk was left lying at on corner of the Hippodrome for a long time until the year 390 during the reign of Theodosius I when it was erected with great difficulty by Proclus, one of the administrators of the city.
		The obelisk stands on four bronze cubes placed on a Roman base adorned with reliefs depicting the Emperor, his family and other important people watching the races from the imperial box as well as the people, musicians, dancers and chariot races.
		The height of the obelisk, with its base, is 25.60 meters from ground level.
	www.istanbulstay.com /Thecityhippodrome.htm (0 words)

	Open Ends \| Travel by Theme \| Sending a Message
		The idea for Broken Obelisk (an obelisk is a tall, four-sided structure that comes to a pyramidlike point) came to Newman in 1963, but he was unable to create the work until he was introduced to a steel manufacturer in 1967.
		The Egyptian obelisk is associated with the sun’s rays and the return of life, or the sun god, Ra, at sunrise.
		The form of the obelisk has been returned to again and again in Western culture, as exemplified by the obelisk in front of St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome, and the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C. Does this information change the way you see the work?
	www.moma.org /education/openends/guide/theme/message/index.html (0 words)

	MUSEUM SECURITY MAILINGLIST REPORTS
		Ethiopian officials seeking the return of an ancient obelisk looted by Italian fascist forces in 1937 were in Rome on Monday to determine when and how the monument will be repatriated.
		The obelisk was one of six built at Axum, near Ethiopia's northern the border with Eritrea, which was at its peak in the fourth century AD.
		The ancient obelisk of Axum, which was brought to Italy after Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini's 1937 invasion of Ethiopia, stands upright in downtown Rome Experts in Italy say an ancient monument must be broken into three pieces, before it can be returned to Ethiopia.
	www.museum-security.org /02/108.html (2091 words)

	Queen Hatshepsut Obelisk
		Tallest obelisk in all surviving obelisks in Egypt.
		She was born in the 15th century BC as a daughter of Tuthmose I, and got married to Tuthmose II, a son of Tuthmose I and the concubine.
		Apart from the usual decoration of the pyramidion, there are on the upper half of each face of each obelisk eight scenes on either side of the customary column of inscription.
	members.aol.com /Sokamoto31/hatshepsut.htm (574 words)

	The Aksum obelisk to return to Ethiopia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The ancient obelisk of Aksum, which was brought to Italy after Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini's 1937 invasion of Ethiopia, stands upright in downtown Rome.
		The announcement was made recently in Rome, where Italian officials are preparing to return the artifact known as the Aksum obelisk, which was taken from Ethiopia by Italian soldiers in 1937.
		Abebe Aemayehu was a boy of 12 in 1937, and he cannot forget the despair of the townspeople as Italian soldiers struggled to move the 200- ton monument.
	www.blink.org.uk /print.asp?key=1155 (468 words)

	Houstonist: Broken Obelisk back at the Menil
		They wanted it designated a memorial to Martin Luther King Jr., who had been assassinated the year before; the base of the sculpture would be inscribed with a quote from Jesus: "Forgive them, for they know not what they do." The piece was to be installed in Hermann Square, in front of City Hall.
		The de Menils bought Broken Obelisk outright and announced they'd donate it, along with 14 Mark Rothko paintings, to the Institute of Religion — the foundation of the Rothko Chapel.
		Broken Obelisk will be rededicated to King's memory Feb. 26, and conservators will keep an eye on it every year or two to make sure the sculpture stays in good shape.
	www.houstonist.com /archives/2006/01/16/post_18.php (441 words)

	The New Yorker: PRINTABLES
		Twenty-five feet high, in rust-colored steel, it is an upside-down obelisk resting on the point of a pyramid that has a plinth-like skirt, raised from the floor.
		Apostrophizing the then consummated epoch of Abstract Expressionism, when modern art definitively triumphed in American culture, “Broken Obelisk” stirs warring feelings—ecstatic assent, vertiginous doubt—that have attended the fitful ambitions of artists since the nineteenth century to establish cosmopolitan, secular equivalents of religion.
		Is “Broken Obelisk” a prophetic masterpiece or pompous shuck and jive?
	www.newyorker.com /printables/critics/041206craw_artworld (1164 words)

	The Temple Complex of Karnak in Thebes (Modern Luxor), Egypt
		One of the obelisks was erected by Tuthmosis I (1504 - 1492 BC) who was the father of Hatshepsut.
		The inscription on the obelisk says, "O ye people who see this monument in years to come and speak of that which I have made, beware lest you say, 'I know not why it was done'.
		The pink granite for the obelisk was quarried at Aswan, which is several hundred miles south of Karnak.
	www.touregypt.net /karnak.htm (1728 words)

	WWF: Cranes and Lifting
		While none of the timbers were likely to top the mass of the Egyptian obelisk now standing in the Vatican, Noah must have used something to raise loads.
		One of the great engineering feats of the age, this enterprise required a vast network of men, horses, ropes, and equipment to lower the obelisk and move it safely to its new location.
		Fontana became a hero, and went on to erect the 105 feet high, 455 ton obelisk of Constantius, one of two that once stood in the Circus Maximus.
	www.worldwideflood.com /ark/technology/cranes_and_lifting.htm (1015 words)

	Amazon.com: obelisks: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		THE ALEXANDRIAN OBELISK is the property of the...
		THE market price of the work on the Obelisk may be shown in two ways, either of which will...
		Most obelisks are unique and one of a kind that will enhance your personal space.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=obelisks&tag=thegulfisland-20&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (468 words)

	artforum.com / 10·20·30·40
		The extent to which Newman took culture as subject matter can be discussed in relation to The Broken Obelisk, the sculpture (now dated 1963-67) in which he added Egyptian to the Jewish, classical, and Christian allusions elsewhere.
		The idea of the sculpture as an image of the Arab smitten is borne out by the fact that one of the triangular paintings, the idea of which grew out of the sides of the pyramid in Broken Obelisk, is called Jericho.
		Of course, Newman's metaphors are not simple to decode: in the picture entitled Achilles the central column is, it appears, broken short at the base, which I supposed might be an allusion to the wrath of Achilles, the tragic flaw in the hero.
	www.artforum.com /10203040/id=1923&ord=0&pagenum=4 (1706 words)

	obelisk - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Obelisk, four-sided tapering shaft terminating in a pyramid or conical top.
		In ancient Egypt, pairs of these monoliths, each hewn from a single...
		Temple (building) : temple architecture : obelisk: Temple at Luxor
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=obelisk (104 words)

	Museum broadens its size as well as its definition of modern art - The Boston Globe
		Barnett Newman's "Broken Obelisk" is a glorious balancing act: a pyramid of rusting steel rising to a point and meeting another point that widens into a column with a ragged top.
		NEW YORK -- Barnett Newman's "Broken Obelisk" is a glorious balancing act: a pyramid of rusting steel rising to a point and meeting another point that widens into a column with a ragged top.
		You can see it from the other floors, thanks to interior windows -- including an extremely vertical one that seems to continue the interrupted upward journey of "Broken Obelisk." Massive though the building is, it doesn't overwhelm you with instant museum fatigue.
	www.boston.com /ae/theater_arts/articles/2004/11/17/museum_broadens_its_size_as_well_as_its_definition_of_modern_art (1571 words)

	Flickr: Photos from Broken Obelisk
		Everyone's Photos Groups Flickr Members For a Location · Broken Obelisk's Photos
		I swear it did, I'm gonna have to dig through...
		Subscribe to Broken Obelisk's photos – Latest
	www.flickr.com /photos/brokenobelisk (0 words)

	Houston Architecture Info Forum - HAIF® > Where Is The Broken Obelisk?
		i went by the menil and rothko chapel yesterday and the broken obelisk in the reflecting pool in front of rothko is gone.
		THe base of the obelisk was never really designed for immersion, and the base was corroding severely.
		On Thursday a crane lowered Broken Obelisk, one of the city's best-known sculptures, back into its reflecting pool in front of the Rothko Chapel, and tomorrow or Wednesday, conservators expect to finish their 18-month restoration project.
	www.houstonarchitecture.info /haif/lofiversion/index.php/t1868.html (540 words)

	Garden Humor
		About one quarter of the way up inside the obelisk is a shelf on which stands another smaller terracotta pot.
		In the large pot I have planted scarlet runner beans which have wound their way merrily up the legs of the obelisk and are now giving us a very pretty display of red flowers.
		In the smaller pot I have planted pink tickseed, which is now in full bloom with their pretty pink petals and little yellow faces.
	home.golden.net /~dhobson/conplan.htm (1105 words)

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