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Topic: Broken windows theory

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	Fixing Broken Windows - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is not to be confused with the Parable of the broken window.
		Repair the broken windows within a short time, say, a day or a week, and the tendency is that vandals are much less likely to break more windows or do further damage.
		In the best-seller Freakonomics (Willam Morrow, 2005; ISBN 006073132X), economist Steven D. Levitt and co-author Stephen J. Dubner cast doubt on the notion that the Broken Windows theory was wholly responsible for New York's drop in crime.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Broken_Windows (1386 words)

	felixsalmon.com: — Broken Windows
		Meanwhile, academics are studying the Broken Windows theory, doing things like literally counting broken windows, and then taking polls which seem to show that there's no correlation between the number of broken windows and how "disordered" people think a neighborhood is. Some of them are coming to the conclusion that Broken Windows isn't empirically rigorous.
		Counting broken windows doesn't prove anything: the point about the theory is not so much that broken windows get fixed, and much more that the police care that windows are being broken in the first place.
		I think that concentrating on theory is silly, and that all that matters is how police chiefs and police officers behave in practice -- a weak police chief with no support from the mayor or from his officers might implement Broken Windows techniques as much as he liked, but no good would come of it.
	www.felixsalmon.com /000412.html (1346 words)

	An Introduction To The Broken Windows Theory Of Business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This book is about broken windows in business: how they happen, why they happen, why they are ignored, and the fatal consequences that can result from their being allowed to go unchecked.
		It will explore not only specific examples of broken windows, how they occurred, and what their long-term results were but also the culture that creates an environment in which windows are broken and left unfixed.
		Broken windows indicate to the consumer that the business doesn't care- either that it is so poorly run it can't possibly keep up with its obligations or that it has become so oversize and arrogant that it no longer cares about its core consumer.
	www.affiliateseeking.com /article/12215.html (2659 words)

	Common Craft - Social Design for the Web: Broken Windows Theory and Your Web Site
		The theory says that a broken window that is left unfixed can quickly encourage more crime and vandalism because it sends a message of apathy to everyone that sees it.
		Broken Windows was the brainchild of the criminologists James Q. Wilson and George Kelling.
		Soon, more windows will be broken, and the sense of anarchy will spread from the building to the street on which it faces, sending a signal that anything goes.
	www.commoncraft.com /archives/000561.html (1020 words)

	a quick overview of an influential fad in policing.
		This is the theory famously expounded by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling in an article entitled Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety, which appeared in Atlantic Monthly in March 1982.
		One of the inevitable critiques, maybe a fundamental critique, of Broken Windows is that the types of "disorderly conduct" it targets are notably offenses typical of the poor.
		Testing "broken windows" was not the point of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, the study planned and conducted by Dr. Earls and colleagues to unravel the social, familial, educational and personal threads that weave together into lives of crime and violence.
	www.ambiguous.org /robin/word/brokenwindows.html (4715 words)

	The Chronicle: February 9, 2001: Poking Holes in the Theory of 'Broken Windows'
		The essence of "broken windows" is that neighborhood disorder -- physical decay, such as graffiti, litter, and dilapidation; and minor misconduct, such as public drinking and vagrancy -- will, if left unchecked, signal potential miscreants that no one is watching.
		"'Broken windows' remains a hypothesis which has a lot of support in the form of anecdotes and case studies," he says.
		The debate over "broken windows" is just one part of a larger dispute over the lessons of the 1990's.
	chronicle.com /free/v47/i22/22a01401.htm (2647 words)

	Broken Windows Theory
		Social psychologists and police officers tend to agree that if a window in a building is broken and is left unrepaired, all the rest of the windows will soon be broken.
		Window-breaking does not necessarily occur on a large scale because some areas are inhabited by determined window-breakers whereas others are populated by window-lovers; rather, one unrepaired broken window is a signal that no one cares, and so breaking more windows costs nothing.
		In theory, an officer in a squad car can observe as much as an officer on foot; in theory, the former can talk to as many people as the latter.
	www.cptedsecurity.com /broken_windows_theory.htm (6328 words)

	Brand Autopsy: Broken Windows. Broken Business.
		According to Levine, broken windows are telltale signs to customers that a business doesn’t care, that it is poorly managed, and or it has become too big and arrogant to adequately deal with little details.
		He continues by saying the only sustainable way to avoid and repair broken windows is to foster a culture where obsession to detail and a compulsive drive to fix broken windows permeates throughout a business.
		I've been dying to express the theory in words, haven't read Tipping Point, but it does support the theory that key to growth is paying attention to all the details.
	brandautopsy.typepad.com /brandautopsy/2005/12/broken_windows_.html (2007 words)

	Daring Fireball: Broken Windows
		It’s similar to the “broken windows” theory of urban decay, which holds that if a single window is left unrepaired in a building, in fairly short order, the remaining windows in the building will be broken.
		This theory was made famous in a 1982 article by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling in The Atlantic Monthly.
		Windows apologists have long argued that the only reason the Mac has been so strikingly free of security exploits is that it has such a smaller market share than Windows.
	daringfireball.net /2004/06/broken_windows (1831 words)

	Broken Windows
		If the first broken window in a building is not repaired, the people who like breaking windows will assume that no one cares about the building and more windows will be broken.
		We were going to fix the broken windows and prevent anyone from breaking them again.” (We wonder how many have been fixed.) Indeed, the NYPD was going to “reclaim the public spaces of New York,” quoting Bratton again (quoted in Eck and Maguire, 2000:225).
		Another important aspect of broken windows theory is the almost complete dismissal of the various social causes of crime, so well documented by social science research during the past 100 years.
	www.sheldensays.com /Res-three.htm (4215 words)

	Legal Affairs Debate Club - Is Broken Windows Policing Broken?
		This practice is based on the "broken windows" theory of policing, which suggests that a reduction in minor crimes will lead to a decrease in violent ones.
		If the broken windows theory were correct, then there must be some sort of change induced by MTO that generates equally large offsetting effects on crime—for men, but not for women.
		Proposition 1: The broken windows theory—which holds that disorder causes crime, or, in the original formulation by Wilson and Kelling, that "disorder and crime are usually inextricably linked, in a kind of developmental sequence"—is not right.
	www.legalaffairs.org /webexclusive/debateclub_brokenwindows1005.msp (7124 words)

	SPD \| Broken Window Theory
		This explanation of the "broken window" theory was written by Henry G. Cisneros when he was Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
		James Q. Wilson and George Kelling developed the `broken windows' thesis to explain the signaling function of neighborhood characteristics.
		Evidence of decay (accumulated trash, broken windows, deteriorated building exteriors) remains in the neighborhood for a reasonably long period of time.
	www.cityofseattle.net /police/prevention/Tips/broken_window.htm (248 words)

	The Pragmatic Programmers, LLC
		One broken window, left unrepaired for any substantial length of time, instills in the inhabitants of the building a sense of abandonment---a sense that the powers that be don't care about the building.
		One broken window---a badly designed piece of code, a poor management decision that the team must live with for the duration of the project---is all it takes to start the decline.
		If you find yourself working on a project with quite a few broken windows, it's all too easy to slip into the mindset of ``All the rest of this code is crap, I'll just follow suit.'' It doesn't matter if the project has been fine up to this point.
	www.pragmaticprogrammer.com /ppbook/extracts/no_broken_windows.html (829 words)

	EmBlog » Broken Windows Theory
		Windows achieved its level of complexity be going on a huge API grab in its early years.
		The fact is, however, that Windows is the standard OS and IE is the browsing standard for most of the developed world at this point.
		Ask any developer in Windows why Vista is plagued by delays, and they’ll say that the code is way too complicated, and that the pace of coding has been tremendously slowed down by overbearing process.
	emrysx.wordpress.com /2006/06/15/broken-windows-theory (2832 words)

	Broken Windows Theory - Activity Based Costing Article
		New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani adopted the Broken Windows Theory and implemented a community-policing strategy focused on order maintenance… graffiti washed nightly from subway cars, $1.25 subway turnstile-jumpers arrested, trash picked up.
		Broken "windows" are characterized by bad designs, wrong decisions, or poor code left unrepaired.
		Symptomatic of a broken cost system are the lack of answers to basic questions.
	www.icms.net /broken_windows.htm (970 words)

	Apply 'Broken Windows' theory - Tribune-Review
		Municipalities in Fayette County should apply the concept of the "Broken Windows" theory.
		The Broken Windows theory has shown that when a broken window is left unattended, it quickly encourages more broken windows, sending a message to everyone who sees it that no one cares and soon smaller problems turn into bigger problems.
		Enforcing local ordinances and applying the "Broken Windows" theory is not a solution, but it is a proven foundation on which to build a better Fayette County.
	www.pittsburghlive.com /x/tribunereview/s_460429.html (442 words)

	Book \| Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities
		Kelling and Miss Coles demonstrate clearly that the broken windows thesis is 100 percent correct.”
		When sociologists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling introduced their “Broken Windows” thesis in 1982, it gained immediate attention from academics and policy makers alike.
		“Broken Windows” finally acknowledged the connection between disorder, fear, crime, and urban decay that has been playing out in America’s cities for decades.
	www.manhattan-institute.org /html/critical_acclaim-fixing_broken.htm (586 words)

	Don't Live with Broken Windows
		We use the broken window theory as a metaphor for managing technical debt on a project.
		As soon as something is broken—whether it is a bug in the code, a problem with your process, a bad requirement, bad documentation—something you know is just wrong, you really have to stop and address it right then and there.
		As soon as something is broken and not fixed, it starts spreading a malaise across the team.
	www.artima.com /intv/fixit2.html (650 words)

	The First Measured Century: Program: Segment 13 - Broken Windows
		BEN WATTENBERG: Police departments across the country adopted the broken windows theory.
		JAMES Q. As it's later turned out, the research that has been done so far suggests that if you do these things, in fact, the crime rate does come down, because good people are on the streets and bad people find it hard to take advantage of them.
		The ability to measure the crime rate permits you to test theories, to test competing arguments, to see who is correct.
	www.pbs.org /fmc/segments/progseg13.htm (476 words)

	The Post-Tribune Pulse Project
		It has been 20 years since this "broken windows" theory about community deterioration was published and about a decade since New York Mayor Rudy Guiliani used it as a base for turning his city around.
		Otherwise, it's a sign nobody cares and a sign that leads to more discord as a broken window is left untended.
		As part of the research into the "broken windows" theory, Kelling reported on people's perceptions of crime, as well.
	www.post-trib.com /pulse/pulse0630b.html (1136 words)

	That Which is Seen, and That Which is Not Seen; by Frederic Bastiat
		The window being broken, the glazier's trade is encouraged to the amount of six francs; this is that which is seen.
		If the window had not been broken, the shoemaker's trade (or some other) would have been encouraged to the amount of six francs; this is that which is not seen.
		In the second, where we suppose the window not to have been broken, he would have spent six francs on shoes, and would have had at the same time the enjoyment of a pair of shoes and of a window.
	bastiat.org /en/twisatwins.html (14792 words)

	washingtonpost.com: A Crack in the Broken-Windows Theory
		It's a question that has fascinated social scientists for decades and led directly to the Broken Windows theory, which holds that ignoring the little problems -- graffiti, litter, shattered glass -- creates a sense of irreversible decline that leads people to abandon the community or to stay away.
		That theory, in turn, spawned a revolution in law enforcement and neighborhood activism.
		These findings splash a bit of cold water on the Broken Windows theory, the researchers assert in their article.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A46381-2005Jan29?language=printer (1023 words)

	Lots of chatter lately about the "broken windows" theory of why the US crime rate dropped so dramatically in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Lots of chatter lately about the "broken windows" theory of why the US crime rate dropped so dramatically in the 80s and 90s.
		Writing in the Boston Globe, Daniel Brook explores the possible cracks in the theory, while proponents William Bratton and George Kelling defend it from "attacks" from 'liberals", "anti-police groups", and "ivory-tower academics".
		Gladwell says broken windows holds up, Dubner disagrees, and Gladwell rebuts.
	www.kottke.org /remainder/06/03/10669.html (137 words)

	Rudolph Giuliani Interview -- page 4 / 8 -- Academy of Achievement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Well, I very much subscribe to the "Broken Windows" theory, a theory that was developed by Professors Wilson and Kelling, 25 years ago maybe.
		We may have bigger problems, we have bigger resources, the same theory should work." So we started paying attention to the things that were being ignored.
		Aggressive panhandling, the squeegee operators that would come up to your car and wash the window of your car whether you wanted it or not -- and sometimes smashed people's cars or tires or windows -- the street-level drug-dealing; the prostitution; the graffiti, all these things that were deteriorating the city.
	www.achievement.org /autodoc/page/giu0int-4 (1262 words)

	gladwell.com: Thoughts on Freakonomics
		The difference is that the Broken Windows theory might be a little bit easier to swallow.
		Equating larger numbers of police on the street as being equivalent to the broken windows theory confuses cause with effect.
		Just like broken windows, you have a bunch of people arguing over a result with no real idea what is causing it or what might be a whole lot more effective if we just put some effort into figuring it out.
	gladwell.typepad.com /gladwellcom/2006/03/thoughts_on_fre.html (10043 words)

	Does The 'Broken Windows' Theory Really Work? \| Planetizen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Law professor Bernard E. Harcourt argues that the "broken windows" theory has be en proven not to be an effective crime-fighting technique.
		Many reputable social scientists have suggested that there is no reliable evidence of a "broken windows" effect whatsoever.
		We found no evidence for the proposition that disorder causes crime or that "broken windows" policing reduces serious crime.
	www.planetizen.com /node/19439 (346 words)

	David Boyd Broken windows theory applied to pork
		Victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival.
		Think of it as a "broken windows" policy for the national budget.
		Just as urban police departments crack down on decay and neglect as a way to discourage the larger problem of serious crimes, we're stamping down on pork in the hopes that by so doing, we shake some sense into Congress and get them to take their responsibilties to the budget more seriously.
	davidboyd.org /posts/1127350530.shtml (212 words)

	How long should you have to wait for a DVD release? By Daniel Gross - Slate Magazine
		Such broken windows may be bad news for the distributors and packagers of content.
		With content windows shattering all over the place, we're entering a golden age of media consumption where people everywhere no longer have to wait—or pay through the nose—to see, read, and hear interesting stuff right away.
		The trend of collapsing windows signifies that the media industry has finally entered the 1980s: It's finally starting seriously to think about efficiency.
	www.slate.com /id/2134453 (1306 words)

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