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Topic: Bromine

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	Chemistry : Periodic Table : bromine : key information
		Bromine is available commercially so it is not normally necessary to make it in the laboratory.
		In this treatment, bromide is oxidized to bromine by the chlorine gas.
		The principle of oxidation of bromide to bromine is shown by the addition of a little chlorine water to aqueous solutions of bromide.
	www.webelements.com /webelements/elements/text/Br/key.html (286 words)

	Bromine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bromine is the only liquid nonmetallic element at room temperature and one of five elements on the period table that are liquid at or close to room temperature.
		Bromine is slightly soluble in water, and highly soluble in carbon disulfide, aliphatic alcohols (such as methanol), and acetic acid.
		Bromine is also used in the manufacture of fumigants, brominated flame-retardants, water purification compounds, dyes, medicines, sanitizers, inorganic bromides for photography, etc. It is also used to form intermediates in organic synthesis, where it is preferred to iodine due to its much lower cost.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bromine (706 words)

	Bromine - MSN Encarta
		Bromine is so similar in its chemical properties to chlorine, with which it is almost invariably associated, that it was not recognized as a separate element until 1826, when it was discovered and isolated by the French chemist Antoine Jérôme Balard.
		Bromine is very soluble in a wide variety of organic solvents, such as alcohol, ether, chloroform, and carbon disulfide.
		Bromine does not occur in nature as a free element, but is found in bromide compounds.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761574547/Bromine.html (300 words)

	Bromine (Br) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects
		Bromine is less active chemically than chlorine and fluorine but is more active than iodine; its compounds are similar to those of the other halogens.
		Bromine is used in making fumigants, dyes, flameproofing agents, water purification compounds, sanitizes, medicinals, agents for photography and in brominates vegetable oil, used as emulsifier in many citrus-flavoured solft drinks.
		Bromine is corrosive to human tissue in a liquid state and its vapors irritate eyes and throat.
	www.lenntech.com /Periodic-chart-elements/Br-en.htm (685 words)

	bromine
		Bromine for commercial purposes is obtained by treating brines (from salt wells or seawater) with chlorine, which displaces the bromine.
		Bromine has a powerful corrosive action on the skin, destroying the tissue, and the vapor is strongly irritating to the eyes and the membranes of the nose and throat.
		Bromine basics: bromine is a popular choice when it comes to hot water sanitization.
	www.infoplease.com /encyclopedia/bromine (442 words)

	Bromine (Br) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Bromine, one of the halogens, is at room temperature an extremely volatile liquid that gives off a poisonous, suffocating, reddish vapor composed of diatomic molecules.
		Because bromine is so similar to the chemical properties of chlorine, it was not recognized as a separate element until 1826, when it was discovered and isolated by Antoine Jerome Balard (a French chemist).
		Bromine is not found in nature as a free element, but it is found in bromide compounds.
	www.bayerus.com /msms/fun/pages/periodic/bromine (170 words)

	Bromine
		Bromine is a popular pool and spa sanitizer often used instead of chlorine.
		On the minus side, bromine is sensitive to sunlight, deteriorating rapidly when exposed to the sun.
		The ideal concentration of total bromine in a swimming pool is 3 to 5 ppm.
	www.aquachek.com /PublicPopups.asp?action=displayparameter&PAID=10 (276 words)

	BookRags: Bromine Summary
		Bromine is a moderately abundant element with an estimated abundance of about 1.6-2.4 parts per million in the Earth's crust.
		Bromine was discovered at almost the same time in 1826 by the German chemist Carl Löwig (1803-1890) and the French chemist Antoine-Jérôme Balard (1802-1876).
		Bromine and its compounds are becoming increasingly popular in the purification of public water supplies and swimming pools.
	www.bookrags.com /research/bromine-woc (614 words)

	Bromine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Bromine is manufactured industrially by allowing a solution of Potassium Bromide to flow down a tower, against a stream of Chlorine gas rising up through the tower.
		Bromine is a volatile dense mobile reddish-brown liquid, which readily gives a brown toxic vapour with a disagreeable irritating odour.
		Bromine is detected by the brown colour of its vapour, and by its action on Iodide salts, (e.g.
	www.ucc.ie /ucc/depts/chem/dolchem/html/elem/elem035.html (530 words)

	Bromine
		Bromine is highly reactive: it reacts explosively with several metals, corrodes many organic substances and reacts as an oxidising agent.
		Bromine is mainly obtained from waste lyes in the potassium industry; seawater is a further source.
		Bromine is denser than water, but dissolves slightly in water and colours it brown.
	www2.gtz.de /uvp/publika/English/vol318.htm (437 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - BROMINE
		While scarlet was derived from an insect, both purple and blue were extracted from a snail, and the bromine atom plays a fascinating role in the creation of these colors.
		Thankfully, things changed and the fashion industry was born, all because a little snail in the Mediterranean had the ability to take bromine from the sea and bind it to indigo, forming dibromoindigo--Tyrian purple.
		Bromine was once used primarily in producing a leaded gasoline additive, ethylene dibromide, that prevents lead compounds from accumulating in engines, but the increased use of unleaded gas lowered demand for the additive.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/bromine.html (931 words)

	Bromine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The solubility of potassium bromide is investigated in CHM 130.
		Bromine - acetic acid reagent is used for organic synthesis in CHM 230 and 235.
		Brominated hydrocarbons are used as qualitative unknowns in CHM 154 and 236.
	chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu /periodic/Br.html (69 words)

	Solaris ChemTech Ltd. - Bromine and Bromine Chemicals Business
		Solaris ChemTech has established itself as the largest player in India with a capacity of 10000MT per annum of bromine at Khavda in the Kutch district of Gujarat.
		This facility exploits the high strength of Bromine rich natural brines in the Rann of Kutch.
		To enhance its focus on specialty chemicals, Solaris commissioned a multi-purpose specialty chemicals plant near Baroda in 2002 along with a state of the art RandD center to develop and manufacture a host of specialty bromine derivatives.
	www.solarischemtech.com /brominebusiness.asp (426 words)

	Mineral Information Institute - Bromine
		Bromine is a reddish-brown fuming liquid at room temperature, one of only a few elements which is liquid.
		Bromine is one of the four halogen elements, which are chemically related and show a systematic progression of physical and chemical properties.
		Bromine compounds are also used in oil-well drilling fluids, sanitary preparations, and an assortment of other applications including water purification chemicals, fumigants, dyes, medicines, and inorganic bromides (AgBr, silver bromide) used in films and photographic processes.
	www.mii.org /Minerals/photobromine.html (514 words)

	Bromine (PIM 080)
		Bromine is capable of dissolving metals and non-metals and spontaneously combines with aluminum, titanium copper, phosphorus, arsenic, gold and antimony.
		Although bromine has been used as a water disinfectant for swimming pools, it is not recommend for this purpose in drinking water due to its cumulative neurotoxicity and the lack of sufficient research (NAS, 1977).
		The toxic effects of the bromine vapour on the respiratory tract are primarily due to its water solubility.
	www.inchem.org /documents/pims/chemical/pim080.htm (4776 words)

	Chapter 11. Bromine
		By distilling the resulting bromide with sulphuric acid and peroxide of manganese, bromine passes off as vapor, and a sulphate of the base remains in the retort together with the manganese in a lower state of oxydation.
		Bromine is a brownish-red liquid, which solidifies at--7° 2/10, volatilizes very rapidly when exposed to the air, and boils at about 145°.
		It can be prepared by mixing directly phosphorus, water, and bromine, or from a mixture of six parts of crystallized sulphite of soda, three parts of bromine, and one of water, and by distillation.
	albumen.stanford.edu /library/monographs/sunbeam/chap11.html (1140 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Bromine
		Today, bromine is primarily obtained by treating brines from wells in Michigan and Arkansas with chlorine.
		Other bromine compounds are used in fumigants, in flameproofing agents and in some compounds used to purify water.
		Tyrian purple, an expensive purple dye known to ancient civilizations, was produced from an organic bromine compound secreted from a sea mussel known as the murex.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele035.html (260 words)

	bromine
		Studies on the determination of avg contents of bromine in soils and plants of Japan, forests of the Andosol region of Central Honshu were evaluated.
		The contents of iodine and bromine in the forest soil, plants and rainwater were generally higher in coastal than in the inland areas.
		The avg content of bromine in soils of the forest from the basin of the Nagara River was almost 10 fold higher than those reported outside of Japan (63 ppm).
	www.speclab.com /elements/bromine.htm (1272 words)

	Reactive Airways Dysfunction and Systemic Complaints after Mass Exposure to Bromine
		Bromine is found naturally in seawater, in concentrations of approximately 65 ppm (4), and can also be present in smaller amounts in well water.
		The skin-irritating effect of the bromine compound 1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, which is frequently used in swimming pools, has been described as "spa pool dermatitis" (or "bromine rash").
		Bromine and inorganic brominated compounds have also been shown to be capable of causing lingering health effects.
	www.ehponline.org /members/1999/107p507-509woolf/woolf-full.html (2535 words)

	Bromine definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Bromine: A brownish-red element that is a liquid at room temperature, dissolves in water, and has a bleach-like suffocating odor.
		Swallowing a large amount of bromine in a short period of time may cause nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (inflammation and bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract).
		People who survive serious bromine poisoning may also have long-term effects from damage done by what is called systemic poisoning, for example, kidney or brain damage from low blood pressure.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=33697 (252 words)

	Bromine and Intermediates from Great Lakes Chemical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Great Lakes has developed a process to recycle bromine that is not fully consumed in the chemical processes used to manufacture everything from dishwashing detergents to analgesics, rather than return the material to the environment...
		Bromine is a chemical element commonly found in nature as bromide salts.
		The most recoverable form of bromine is from soluble salts found in seawater, salt lakes, inland seas, and brine wells...
	www.e1.greatlakes.com /corp/prodserv/jsp/bromine_intermediates.jsp (207 words)

	Bromine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		A member of the halogen group of elements, it is obtained from natural brines from wells in Michigan and Arkansas.
		Much of the bromine output in the U.S. was used in the production of ethylene dibromide, a lead scavenger used in making gasoline antiknock compounds.
		Bromine is also used in making fumigants, flameproofing agents, water purification compounds, dyes, medicinals, sanitizers, inorganic bromides for photography, etc. Organic bromides are also important.
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/bromine.html (133 words)

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