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	Bromomethane - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		While bromomethane is dangerous to use, it is considerably safer and more effective than the few other soil sterilants available.
		Bromomethane was also used as a general-purpose fumigant to kill a variety of pests including rats, insects, and fungi (and therefore also for killing 'bugs' and fungi according the IPPC esp. ISPM number 15, regulations when exporting wooden packaging to certain countries).
		Bromomethane is on the list of banned ozone-depleting substances of the Montreal Protocol.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bromomethane (528 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Bromomethane was used in fire extinguishers in Europe from the 1920s to the 1940s, but never gained widespread use as a fire-extinguishing agent in the United States.
		Synonyms for bromomethane are methyl bromide, monobromomethane, and methyl fume.
		Bromomethane is classified as a carcinogen, according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's "Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards;" it is not classified as a carcinogen by either the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
	www.e11th-hour.org /resources/backgrounders/chemical.ind/bromomethane.txt (1293 words)

	611. Bromide Ion (Pesticide residues in food: 1983 evaluations)
		Bromomethane is applied to soil under protection or in the open for control of nematodes and other pests, weeds and micro-organisms.
		Bromomethane is now applied to the soil in glasshouses, at intervals that may be as short as one year, by releasing the gas from several points at soil level beneath a sealing sheet of plastic, usually polyethylene, the edges of which are buried in the soil, which is then compacted.
		The effect of the interval between the last fumigation of the soil with bromomethane and planting the sampled crop on bromide ion residues is shown in Table 5a, for the study as a whole, and in Table 5b for crops grown on soil that had been treated once.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v83pr07.htm (3529 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Bromomethane
		Bromomethane is used to kill a variety of pests including rats, insects, and fungi.
		Exposure levels leading to death vary from 1,600 to 60,000 parts of bromomethane in 1 million parts of air (1,600-60,000 ppm), depending on the length of the exposure.
		Studies in animals suggest that bromomethane does not cause birth defects and does not interfere with reproduction, except at high exposure levels.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts27.html (940 words)

	Bromomethane (CASRN 74-83-9), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		Bromomethane was highly toxic to pregnant New Zealand White rabbits exposed to 70 ppm (272 mg/cu.m) for 7 hours/day, 5 days/week on days 1 to 15 of gestation; 24/25 rabbits died by day 30 of gestation (Hardin et al., 1981; Sikov et al., 1980).
		The percentage of total volume of inhaled radiolabeled bromomethane that was absorbed decreased in a concentration-related manner from 48+/-2% at the two lower concentrations to 27+/-4% at the highest concentration, which indicates that uptake of bromomethane is a saturable process.
		Bromomethane was observed to be mutagenic for Drosophila and for mouse lymphoma cells (Voogd et al., 1982; Kramers et al., 1985).
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0015.htm (8659 words)

	Bromomethane - TheBestLinks.com - Algae, Birth defect, Bromine, Carbon, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Bromomethane is on the list of banned ozone-depleting subtances of the Montreal protocol.
		If you breathe bromomethane you may develop a headache and begin to feel weak and nauseated several hours later.
		No cases of severe effects on the nervous system from long-term exposure to low levels have been noted in people, but studies in rabbits and monkeys have shown moderate to severe injury.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Bromomethane.html (386 words)

	Department of Health:Services and Programs:Mandatory Health Effects Language (MHEL):Organic Contaminants
		Bromomethane (also called methyl bromide) is a colorless gas with very little odor.
		Bromomethane is used mainly as a fumigant to kill insects in crops, soil and buildings.
		There is evidence that low levels of bromomethane can occur in drinking water as a result of disinfection but contamination may result from improper use or disposal.
	www.dutchessny.gov /CountyGov/Departments/Health/HDMandatedOrganic.htm (8493 words)

	Press release 30/03/2005
		Bromomethane is an ozone depleting substance which is applies worldwide in agriculture for the purpose of soil, site and product decontamination (fumigation) with the aim do control pests.
		That former project initiated the phase out of bromomethane in countries with economies in transition by means of upgrading the awareness on hazards to the ozone layer, adoption of adequate policy on the phase out of bromomethane, and also training and demonstration of the opportunities to use the alternatives.
		Poland requested permit for critical use of bromomethane in 2005-2006 and was granted permit to apply each 40 tonnes of this substance for the purpose of soil decontamination in cultivation of strawberry, and post-harvesting of herbs and dried fungi.
	www.mos.gov.pl /mos/news/press_releases/2005.03.30.html (915 words)

	JAWMA Paper: Nonthermal Plasma Chemical Processing of Bromomethane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Nonthermal plasma chemical decomposition of bromomethane (CH 3 Br) was investigated with a coaxial type packed-bed plasma reactor.
		Bromomethane (CH 3 Br) is commonly used as an excel-lent fumigant on fields and in quarantine facilities, but it threatens to cause stratospheric ozone depletion (ODP CH 3 Br = 0.74).
		It has been decided that the use of CH 3 Br will be continued as an essential use in quarantine facilities even after 2004, because no alternative com-pounds have yet been found due to its high sterilizing power and advantageous properties (i.e., a colorless and odorless gas).
	www.awma.org /journal/ShowAbstract.asp?Year=1999&PaperID=688 (404 words)

	Sn2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		We'll use the reaction of bromomethane with sodium hydroxide shown in Equation 1to illustrate the approach.
		H-NMR spectrum of bromomethane is 2.68 ppm while that of the methyl group in methanol is 3.34 ppm.
		As the hydroxide ions react with the bromomethane, the pH decreases.
	www.usm.maine.edu /~newton/Chy251_253/Lectures/Kinetics/SnKinetics.html (1005 words)

	Bromomethane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Bromomethane (C.A.S. # 74-83-9), also commonly known as methyl bromide, is a colorless, almost odorless gas; it has a chloroform-like odor at high concentrations.
		Bromomethane is incompatible or reactive with aluminum, magnesium, and strong oxidizers.
		Death following acute poisoning by bromomethane is usually caused by its irritating effect on the lungs.
	www.nsc.org /ehc/chemical/Bromomet.htm (1243 words)

	[No title]
		For registration purposes, an applicant in Germany declared sulphuryl difluoride a "highly toxic odourless gas" to be permitted only under precautionary measures comparable to those for phospine and bromomethane.
		Otherwise unexpected accidents might compromise the suitability of sulphuryl difluoride as a substitute for bromomethane.
		Conclusion: Sulphuryl difluoride is a dedicated fumigant which may become increasingly important while bromomethane is going to be banned.
	ecb.jrc.it /classlab/5500a6_D_Sulphuryl_difluoride.doc (638 words)

	News Article
		Eachangadu residents said they experienced a strong odour of burning mosquito coil and ammonia, and many suffered from severe headache, and throat and skin irritation.
		The air in the residential area behind Tantech near Eachangadu village was found to contain carbon disulphide, bromomethane, trichloroethene, 4-methyl 2-pentanone, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, 2-butanone and toluene.
		Trichloroethene and Bromomethane cause cancers of lung, kidney, stomach and liver in animals.
	www.gcmonitor.org /pr_121704.html (577 words)

	EXTOXNET PIP - METHYL BROMIDE
		The rat oral LD50 (bromomethane administered as a liquid, or in solution) is 214 mg/kg [1], also indicating moderate to high toxicity.
		Effects on birds: Bromomethane is most likely to be in vapor form, and unless birds are in the fumigation area, during the fumigation, they are unlikely to be exposed.
		Some leaching may occur if bromomethane is entrapped in soil micropores following fumigation; the rate of degradation for retained bromomethane in fumigated soil is 6 to 14% per day at 20 C [11].
	extoxnet.orst.edu /pips/methylbr.htm (1547 words)

	Multiple substitution in the methane and bromine reaction
		As time goes by there is an increasing chance of it hitting a bromomethane molecule rather than a methane molecule.
		Having produced some bromomethane there is no way that you can prevent it from being hit by bromine radicals, and similarly for dibromomethane and tribromomethane.
		If you wanted mainly bromomethane, you could favour this by using a huge excess of methane so that the chances were always greater of a bromine radical hitting a methane rather than anything else - but even so, you would still get some mixture of products.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /mechanisms/freerad/multisubbr.html (704 words)

	Collision Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		First a hydroxide ion collides with the carbon in the bromomethane and attaches to it.
		In the hydroxide and bromomethane example, old bonds weaken and new bonds begin to form at the same time as electrons move from one position to another.
		The hydroxide and bromomethane must smash together with high energy - there must be sufficient energy to create the transistion state which, rather like a ball on a hilltop, can then roll down either side - to reactants or products.
	www.kobold.demon.co.uk /kinetics/collisio.htm (858 words)

	Determining rate equations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		You could measure the initial rate of this reaction, for two different concentrations of bromomethane, say 1M and 2M.
		After all, this is what is meant by saying that the rate is proportional to the bromomethane concentration.
		Doubling the bromomethane concentration has doubled the rate (0.34 is twice 0.17) so the rate is proportional to the bromomethane concentration.
	www.kobold.demon.co.uk /kinetics/rateeqn2.htm (1186 words)

	Find in a Library: Methyl bromide (bromomethane) : health and safety guide.
		Methyl bromide (bromomethane) : health and safety guide.
		To find this item in a library, enter a postal code, state, province, or country in the field above.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/82aaace0ea84aa72a19afeb4da09e526.html (55 words)

	TERR-0-GAS, METHYL BROMIDE, BROMOMETHANE
		Bromomethane is classified as a carcinogen, according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
		A cumulative neurotoxin, methyl brom ide is highly toxic to humans, capable of causing tremors, lack of coordination, staggering, depression of the central nervous syste m, and convulsions.2 Symptoms may be delayed as long as several months after exposure.
		BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Inadequate human and animal data: a single mortality study from which direct exposure associations could not be deduced and studies in several animal species with too few animals, too brief exposure or observation time for adequate power.
	www.frankmckinnon.com /terr.htm (4725 words)

	GSU Chemistry Department Molecular Modeling Exercises (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The purpose of this exercise is to allow you to look at how the type of atom affects the bond length.
		Build and minimize the halogen series of methanes: fluoromethane, chloromethane, bromomethane, and iodomethane.
		Which is a better property to use to determine the stability of a compound, the energy or the
	chemistry.gsu.edu /glactone/modeling/Luise/genchem/bndlnt2.html (134 words)

	EPA - Air Toxics Website - Methyl Bromide (Bromomethane)
		EPA has classified methyl bromide as a Group D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.
		Other secondary sources include The Merck Index and EPA's Health Effects Assessment for Bromomethane.
		The primary use of methyl bromide is as a fumigant in soil to control fungi, nematodes, and weeds; in space fumigation of food commodities (e.g., grains); and in storage facilities (such as mills, warehouses, vaults, ships, and freight cars) to control insects and rodents.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/methylbr.html (1469 words)

	DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 84-117
		Based on these data, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that methyl chloride, methyl bromide, and methyl iodide be considered as potential occupational carcinogens and that methyl chloride be considered a potential occupational teratogen.
		The three chemicals addressed in this document are commonly called the monohalogenated derivatives of methane (monohalomethanes): chloromethane, bromomethane, and iodomethane.
		Sundin DS: Workers potentially exposed to chloromethane, bromomethane, and iodomethane.
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/84117_43.html (5500 words)

	Chloromethane Utilization Gene Cluster from Hyphomicrobium chloromethanicum Strain CM2T and Development of Functional ...
		Growth of IMB-1 on bromomethane was shown to be
		on bromomethane were capable of oxidizing chloromethane and vice
		was capable of growth on bromomethane as a sole carbon and energy
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/1/307 (4870 words)

	EWG Tap Water Quality Database \| Environmental Working Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Most water suppliers met all federal standards, which favor partially treating water after it is polluted over stopping pollution from upstream sources in the first place.
		EPA has not established a maximum legal limit in tapwater for these contaminants
		The federal government has set standards for 80 chemical pollutants in tap water, balancing health concerns and treatment costs.
	ewg.org /tapwater/statereports/statereport.php?state=DE&... (688 words)

	Methyl bromide (Bromomethane) (HSG 86, 1994)
		Comments on any difficulties encountered in using the Guide would be very helpful and should be addressed to: The Director International Programme on Chemical Safety World Health Organization 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland THE INFORMATION IN THIS GUIDE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS A STARTING POINT TO A COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAMME 1.
		PRODUCT IDENTITY AND USES 1.1 Identity Common name: methyl bromide Chemical formula: CH3Br Chemical structure: Figure 1;;;grph86_1.bmp Relative molecular mass: 94.94 CAS name: bromomethane CAS registry No.: 74-83-9 EEC No. 602-002-00-2 EINECS No. 200-813-2 Synonyms: monobromomethane Methyl bromide is typically available as a liquefied gas.
		It is marketed under a variety of trade names with formulations containing between 30 and 100 % of the compound.
	www.inchem.org /documents/hsg/hsg/hsg86_e.htm (5473 words)

	Methyl bromide w/chloropicrin - toxicity, ecologicial toxicity and regulatory information
		Detailed Toxicity Summary for Bromomethane from U.S. EPA IRIS Database
		Quickview Toxicity Summary for Bromomethane from U.S. EPA IRIS Database
		See the Global Pesticide Resources page for many additional links.
	www.pesticideinfo.org /Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC36835 (878 words)

	Design Project Assignment No. 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Based on an analysis of the chemicals in the four tanks and which chemicals might present the greatest danger if released into the environment around the tanks, the following chemicals were identified.
		Chemical 1 2 3 4 Antimony x* Arsenic x x Boron x Cadmium x x Manganese x Silver x* Bromomethane x Carbon tetrachloride x* cis-1,3-Dichloropropene x 1,1,2-Trichloroethane x 2,4-Dinitrophenol x* Hexachlorobenzene x Nitrobenzene x Pentachlorophenol x trans-1,3-Dichloropropene x
		All of these chemicals scored high using their oral reference doses; none were selected because of a carcinogenic concern.
	www.engr.utexas.edu /armstrong/teach/CE346K/design/CE346ks96des05.html (248 words)

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