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	Sword - MSN Encarta
		Sword, weapon consisting of a long, sharp-edged or pointed blade fixed in a hilt (a handle that usually has a protective guard at the place where the handle joins the blade).
		Bronze swords, which were probably known to the Egyptians as early as 2000 bc, were the first metal swords.
		Thus, swords of political and military leaders, nobles, and exceptional warriors frequently were ornamented, with hilts elegantly decorated (and sometimes bejeweled) and blades inlaid with gold and silver or forged so as to produce a watered effect after the damascene fashion.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761572347 (352 words)

	Sword - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 16th century, the large Zweihänder concluded the trend of ever increasing sword sizes (mostly due to the beginning of the decline of plate armor and the advent of firearms), and the early Modern Age returned to lighter one-handed weapons.
		The sword consists of the blade and the hilt.
		The shinai, a practice sword, is also used in Japan as a spanking implement, more common in prized private extracurricular schools (illustrated in these 1975 and 1977 articles [2] and [3]) than the US school paddling; in fact hundreds of cases of illegal corporal punishment were reported from public schools as well.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sword (2729 words)

	Bronze Age sword - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sword production in China is attested from the Bronze Age Shang Dynasty, with steel swords making their appearance from the 3rd century BC Qin Dynasty.
		Characteristic for the Bronze Age are antenna-hilted swords; finds are spread from the Balearic Islands to the Gangetic plain (Copper Hoard culture, both on the Baleares and in India found in combination with double axes).
		The carp's tongue sword is a type of bronze sword that was common to western Europe during the 8th century BC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bronze_Age_sword (362 words)

	Nordic Bronze Age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bronze age burial mound (Gårdstånga, Skåne in Sweden).
		Bronze lurs such as the lurs of Brudevaelte found in Denmark were probably used in Bronze Age rituals.
		The Nordic Bronze Age was characterized by a warm climate that began with a climate change in circa 2700 BC (comparable to that of present-day Mediterranean).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age (1106 words)

	Bronze Age Craft (Bronze Sword Casting)
		Today the casting of a sword has become a bit of a holy grail, by many others, and myself even though some of the results are quite good, they always fall far short of the quality and elegance of those of the Bronze Age metal workers.
		Why could it be the bronze smiths who cast the swords 3000 years ago were absolute masters; with a lifetime’s accumulation of experience and skill, some of it passed down over the years, possibly from father to son or an apprenticeship.
		One of the first things you notice if you look at Bronze Age metal work, is that blade length was always at the edge of casting technology, and even from the early Bronze Age, bronze daggers had their handles riveted on, so all the casting length was in the blade.
	www.bronze-age-craft.com /swordcasting.htm (1938 words)

	Irish Bronze age, gold in Ireland , copper mining, burials, articles and pictures, bronze tools axes, ...
		For many, the Bronze age is the most exciting period of Irish Archaeology, given that it was during this time that metal working first made an appearance, mining for copper was first carried out, and Ireland's wonderful goldsmithing came into being, creating objects of beauty that can now be seen in our National museum.
		Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
		The earlier part of the Bronze age is sometimes referred to as the Copper Age owing to the use of copper in a purer, but less useful state at that time.
	www.ballybegvillage.com /bronze_age.html (1620 words)

	sword. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Medieval knights used two types of swords: a short sword with a pointed end that was used with one hand and a heavy two-handed sword with a rounded end.
		Swords were widely used in the Middle East and E Asia as well as in Europe.
		As a highly personal weapon the sword attained symbolic importance; surrendering one’s sword became a token of submission, and the custom of taking an officer’s sword away from him and breaking the blade when he was dismissed from the service in disgrace arose because a sword is the mark of an officer and a gentleman.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sw/sword.html (355 words)

	Longquan swords mountain villa of sword
		At that time, Wu, places often famous sword appear by craftsman, founder of Longquan sword Europe smelt young the most outstanding one, The spring sword of dragon is a chief in the sword.
		Produce various kinds of famous knives, famous swords, different mere pattern swords, concrete and the following: First, turn on sharp point sword, sharp and tough and tensile sharpenning at mud, swords cut and down and it divides iron into two to be not turned, Blow the broken hair of hair, sharp and incomparable.
		Third, the sword edge is glittered like frost and snow, majestic and pressing, the sword that some producers produce is to plate the chromium after polishing, Its light in vain mere, finish grind natural glosses blue and green to compare and overshadow right away only by bright stones with Longquan sword.
	www.lqsword.com /gsjje.asp (321 words)

	Orkneyjar - The Grotsetter Bronze Age Sword
		Like the Orkney Hood, the Groatsetter sword was uncovered in a heavily peated area of the parish - the anaerobic conditions undoubtedly leading to its remarkable state of preservation.
		It has been suggested that the sword was used as a real weapon, an imitation bronze sword in a place where bronze, and bronze artefacts, were relatively scarce.
		The Ewart Park phase of the Bronze Age dates from the 9th century BC and is characterised by the general use of lead-alloyed metal, a wider range of products, and a proliferation of hoards, mainly of scrap metal or 'ritual' deposits.
	www.orkneyjar.com /history/groatsetter_sword.htm (703 words)

	Bronze
		Bronzes with 10 percent or more tin are harder, stronger, and more resistant to corrosion than brass, which is a copper and zinc alloy.
		Bronze Age Weapons: The two swords, bottom, were cast with long blades for slashing.
		Bronze was used for weapons such as spearheads, swords, and knives.
	home.att.net /~honorAmerica/libertybell/history/bronze.htm (702 words)

	Bronze Age (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Swords, Armor and Figurines, Central Taurus (Goltepe,Kestel mines, Anatolia)[K.Aslihan Yener]} and by the mid- 4th millennium, a rapidly developing copper metallurgy, with cast tools and weapons led to urbanization in Mesopotamia.
		Bronze Age of proto-historic times is a cultural revolution perhaps second in importance only to the Industrial Revolution of modern times.
		An exquisite example of bronze sculpture in the civilization is this statue from Mohenjodaro attesting to the competence of the metallurgists of this major trading centre of the Sarasvati-Sindhu doab.
	www.hindunet.org /hindu_history/sarasvati/html/bronzeage1.htm (2452 words)

	Chinese Traditional Weaponry of Bronze Age
		One example is the bronze spear that was cast by the Emperor of Wu, Fu Chai during the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476BC).
		The left spearhead is bronzed with fine engravings of a fl flower pattern, with a length of 29.5 cm (11.6 inches) and the breadth of 5.5 cm (2.2 inches).
		Swords in the Spring and Autumn Period had reached the pinnacle of casting techniques and the artisanship and are unparalleled, especially the engraved mysterious patterns on the blade of swords which still shine as new, an enigma that remains unsolved.
	travelchinaguide.com /intro/focus/weaponry-bronze.htm (923 words)

	Bronze Age Craft (Swords for Sale)
		The alloys used in the bronze age for swords, on average, vary from 8% to 12% tin and in later swords the lead content varies 1% to 5% depending on the tin content.
		All bronze age sword edges were hardened and sharpened at the same time, the edges were forged down to a thin, hard wafer.
		As the casting method is nearer the bronze age method, I use a 12% tin/copper alloy which is at the top end for tin content for a bronze age sword.
	www.templeresearch.eclipse.co.uk /bronze/swords_for_sale.htm (1088 words)

	Edge Damage on Swords
		With sharp swords fighting like this instantly results in deep nicks on their edges thereby rendering them in a matter of minutes nearly ruined for cutting.
		Once having spent considerable time test-cutting with all manner of swords of varying degrees of sharpness and quality, it can be assuredly understood that an edged blade needs to be kept as keen as possible for it to remain effective in chopping, slashing, or slicing.
		Besides, letting your sword be smacked and beat upon as you try to make that parry can allow the opponent to apply any number of techniques to bind and trap it or let them knock it aside and close in—a major action of the very art of fighting with such weapons.
	www.thearma.org /essays/damagededge.htm (7456 words)

	Excalibur -
		The Lady of the Lake calls the sword "Excalibur, that is as to say as Cut-steel." At his death, he tells a reluctant Sir Bedivere (Sir Griflet in some versions) to return the sword to the Lake.
		The story of the Sword in the Stone has an analogue in some versions of the story of Sigurd (the Norse proto-Siegfried), who draws his father Sigmund's sword out of a tree where it is embedded.
		When molten bronze hardens and the halves are separated, one half is left with a 'sword in the stone', resting inside one of the halves.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Excalibur (1044 words)

	Medieval Sword Glossary
		Among Viking Age swords iron is most frequently encountered as the base metal of which the lower guard is made, although it may be covered with bronze, silver or gold, often applied in narrow strips.
		While pommels are found on bronze swords and may be prominent on Hallstatt or Roman swords, interestingly, in the Migration Period many swords lack a pommel, per se, with the upper portion of the hilt being formed of a tang button securing an upper guard to the tang of the sword.
		Earlier Viking Age swords will have both a pommel and adjacent upper guard, but in later examples the upper guard and pommel become fused to form a single element which retains the name pommel and it is this from which the later medieval forms develop.
	www.vikingsword.com /glossary.html (1737 words)

	Ancient Weapons Bronze Age Daggers and Swords (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Early in my career I had developed an interest in the bronze age cultures which had advanced the use of copper in art and ancient weapons and I kept a portfolio of my studies and findings on ancient crafting in bronze for the students to access if they had an interest.
		Bronze Casting of Soldier found in a middle bronze age context on Sardinia showing similar horned Helmet to the illustrations at Mendinet Habu.
		Bronze sword of the British Isles from the 2nd Millennia BCE
	www.artsales.com /ARTistory/Ancient_Ships/Ancient_Weapons_Bronze_Age_Daggers_and_Swords.html (1350 words)

	Sword Forum International \| swordforum.com
		By the late Bronze Age the Gael had caught on to the idea of a full tang, and the sword blade assumed a characteristic "leaf" shape which carried over into the Iron Age and which also made it an efficient cutting weapon.
		This type of sword has been found in both Ireland and Scotland, and there are relief carvings in stone from the time of the Roman invasions of Scotland showing the local folk (who would have been Picts, not Gael) carrying similar swords.
		Dating from the Middle Ages, in its later and quintessential form the long double-edged blade (often made outside Scotland) was affixed to a two-hand hilt (usually locally made) with downsloping quillons and a heavy pommel.
	swordforum.com /articles/hes/highlandscots.php (2073 words)

	Early bronze age swords - Sword Forum International
		Granted, the bronze age is not really my period of study but I had to do some research for a recent project and the items I saw were certainly not crude by any means.
		But otherwise throughout the bronze age, and throughout Europe a lot of experimentation was done with differnt blade shapes, cross-sections, hilt designs etc. I don't believe there's any period with a larger variety in sword designs then in the bronze age.
		As why bronze wasn't continued to be used, considering the low quality of most iron, that's still a mystery (some metallurgical analyses of early iron age swords would be very helpful!).
	forums.swordforum.com /showthread.php?p=900904 (3167 words)

	All About swords \| Main Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The first swords are generally considered to have appeared around 2,000 BC during the Bronze age.
		The swords of this period were both single edged and double edged and were predominalty used as cutting weapons.
		The sword is worked on in sections (usually around 6 inches in length) and repeatedly hammered and heated until the sword comes into the desired shape.
	www.epic-fantasy.com /swords/index.htm (806 words)

	Bronze Sword - Isle of Man Government Manx National Heritage:
		This Late Bronze Age (900 BC - 700 BC) sword was found at Berrag in Jurby.
		With the ability to manufacture in metal, swords were introduced in the Late Bronze Age and were seen as stronger and longer alternatives to the earlier knives and
		The use of bronze swords became more ceremonial once the new metal of iron came into use, as iron blades were more robust and held a sharper edge for longer.
	www.gov.im /mnh/collections/archaeology/bronzeage/bronzesword.xml (182 words)

	Mediaeval Sword - Virtual Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Germanic Iron Age (Migration Period) ~ 400 to 700 AD The swords of this time evolved from the Teutonic swords in evidence in the later Roman Iron Age and average 33 to 37 inches in overall length including a 4 to 5 inch long tang.
		These remain slashing swords and in some examples the degree of taper appears to be slightly reduced when compared with the most tapered Viking swords; the degree of the change being more than would be explained by the longer length alone.
		By the late 13th Century swords entirely specialized for thrusting known as an estoc or tuck appear, and tend to be a sharpened rod of triangular, square or diamond cross-section drawn to an acute point at one end and hilted at the other.
	www.aiusa.com /medsword/virtmus.html (736 words)

	The Bronze Age Superman
		Realizing that even immortals can't last forever, the self-styled "Guardians of the Universe" hope someday to turn their task over completely to these Green Lanterns, if only a warrior of such noble proportions can be found who would be capable of leading them (Superman #257).
		It came to pass that, in the course of a great battle for Truth and Justice, man and sword finally came together.
		For the first time the sword allowed itself to be grasped by the hand of a man. Holding it, Superman found himself expanding, spreading across the winds of the universe, the whole history of creation flooding his mind.
	theages.superman.ws /History/VersionIV.php (1605 words)

	Sword
		Indeed, the difference between a machete and a sword is mainly that of utilization, and several types of swords in history resemble the machete in construction, such as for example the scramasax, the dusack, and the falchion.
		Hilt - the handle of a sword, and consists of the guard, the grip, and the pommel.
		The sword is often held together by a nut screwed onto the tang above the pommel.
	www.themiddleages.net /sword.html (908 words)

	The Bronze Age in the Middle East: 2300 - 1200 B.C.E.
		The "duck- bill" axehead with two elliptical holes is an identifiable form of Middle Bronze IIA and may have its origin in earlier forms of the Middle Bronze I and even Early Bronze Age axes (crescentic axes).
		Spear points with long or short sockets replace the curled-tang spearpoint of Middle Bronze I. In Middle Bronze II swords are broad with added midribs to increase durability of the form.
		There is evidence, however, that shows strong continuity with Bronze Age culture, although as one moves later into Iron I the culture begins to diverge more significantly from that of the late second millennium.
	www.angelfire.com /me/ik/MiddleEastMetalAges.html (1799 words)

	Chinese Bronze Vessel, China Bronze Vessel: Travel China Guide.com
		Bronze is the alloy of copper, stannum and plumbum.
		After the invention of this alloy 5,000 years ago, bronze prevailed immediately and led our ancestors into a newstage - the bronze era.Generally speaking, bronze culture underwent three stages, that is, the forming period, the thriving period, and the turning period.
		Afterwards, bronze was mostly used for mirrors in various shapes and patterns, although the inscriptions on them are of a very high value.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/arts/bronze-vessel.htm (413 words)

	The Irish Bronze Age
		The Bronze age might more properly be called the copper age for this is the element from which the alloy is made.
		Indeed the first implements from this period were made from the pure metal though it was rapidly supplanted by bronze as the functional superiority of the alloy must have been evident to those who had the opportunity to compare the working characteristics of both.
		Both of these Bronze age races were fond of the spear both for hunting and war as demonstrated by the wide variety of socketed and unsocketed lance/spearheads they left behind them.
	www.knives.com /ireland_bronze_age.html (1510 words)

	- Iron Age Bronze Dirk-X.0391
		Swords were cast from molten metal and, once cooled, hammered to increase the density.
		While many older blade shapes were carried into the Iron Age, the use of iron led to a greater variety of blade types and styles, allowing the sword maker to create weapons that were also works of art.
		The fact that bronze was used for this dirk instead of more durable iron suggest that it likely played a ceremonial role as opposed to a military one.
	www.artnet.com /artwork/424295880/-iron-age-bronze-dirk-x0391.html (382 words)

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