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Topic: Brown Pelican

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	Fact Sheets > Animals > Brown Pelican
		Brown pelicans are strong swimmers; young ones barely able to fly have been timed swimming at 3 m.p.h.
		Brown pelicans nest in large colonies on the ground, in bushes, or in the tops of trees.
		In 1985, brown pelican populations on the Atlantic Coast of the U.S. (including all of Florida and Alabama), had recovered to the point that the species could be removed from the Endangered Species List in that part of its range.
	www.fact-sheets.com /science-nature/animals/brown_pelican (1089 words)

	Brown Pelican - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) is the smallest member of the seven species of the pelican family.
		This bird is distinguished from the American White Pelican by its brown body and its habit of diving for fish from the air, as opposed to co-operative fishing from the surface.
		The Brown Pelican is the state bird of Louisiana.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brown_Pelican (363 words)

	Brown Pelican
		Where mangroves are not available, Brown Pelicans may build their nests in shrubs or on the ground in shallow scrapes lined with feathers or debris.
		Brown Pelicans are generally not migratory, although young birds may disperse considerable distances after the breeding season, and flocks move north along the coasts before returning south for the winter.
		The Brown Pelican breeds in colonies locally from Maryland south along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts to southern Texas, from southern California south to the Gulf of California, in scattered locations in the West Indies, and along the coastline of South America from Venezuela to Chile.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /brown_pelican_info.htm (616 words)

	The Brown Pelican's Return to Coastal Louisiana - Part One
		Arriving at the number of brown pelicans historically found in Louisiana is difficult due to the wide variance in reports across the early portion of the past century.
		Because over 90% of brown pelican nests are built on the ground, many scientists suspected that overwash across the islands had simply eradicated the nests across two successive years, dealing the colonies breeding setbacks from which they simply could not recover.
		Pelicans, along with other species at the top of aquatic food chains, are especially susceptible to this bioaccumulation because the amount of the contaminant is magnified along each successive stage in the chain.
	www.lacoast.gov /articles/bps/1 (1555 words)

	Brown Pelican--BIOLOGICAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATE SPECIES RESIDING IN ESTUARIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Brown pelicans are colonial breeders that typically nest in vegetation located on coastal islands or on sandy beaches and lagoons.
		Brown pelican eggs collected from Florida, between 1969 and 1970, and from South Carolina, between 1971 and 1972, were analyzed for metals (Blus et al., 1977).
		Brown pelican populations and pollutants in Texas 1975-1981.
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /resshow/rattner/bioeco/bpelican.htm (4445 words)

	Brown Pelican Summary
		The brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) is a large water bird of the family Pelicanidae that is found along both coasts of the United States, chiefly in saltwater habitats.
		It is estimated that there were 50,000 pairs of nesting brown pelicans along the Gulf coast of Texas and Louisiana in the early part of the twentieth century, but by the early 1960s, most of the Texas and all of the Louisiana populations were depleted.
		Peruvian pelicans used to be considered a subspecies of the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis thagus).
	www.bookrags.com /Brown_Pelican (979 words)

	Brown Pelican - Endangered Birds - care4nature.org ________________________________________________________________
		The brown pelican is found along the coast in California and from North Carolina to Texas, Mexico, the West Indies and many Caribbean Islands, and to Guyana and Venezuela in South America.
		The brown pelican is silver gray on the back, with a fl belly, white head, and white neck, but at different times of the year, depending on the breeding stage, the neck is chocolate brown and/or the head is yellow, and the pouch varies in color.
		Brown pelican males pick pick a nest site (either in trees or on the ground) where they display themselves by posturing, primarily with the head and neck, as females fly over.
	www.care4nature.org /ecoinfo/endspecies/pelican.htm (313 words)

	Channel Islands National Park - Brown Pelican (U.S. National Park Service)
		The California subspecies of the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) was classified as federally endangered in 1970 and as endangered by the state of California in 1971.
		Pelicans are extremely sensitive to bioaccumulation of the organochlorine contaminants in the marine environment, particularly DDT and its metabolites, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
		Pelicans are affected by ancillary fishing activities, including the presence of vessels, noise, and lights, near roosting and breeding areas.
	www.nps.gov /chis/naturescience/brown-pelican.htm (852 words)

	Brown Pelican (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In Florida, pelicans build their nests in mangrove trees out of twigs and grasses brought by the male to the female for her to construct.
		Immature pelicans are brown with a white belly and mature pelicans have a flish belly with a silverish back.
		In the mid-1970's the brown pelican was in danger of extinction.
	library.thinkquest.org /2551/species/brownpelican.html (460 words)

	Brown Pelican
		Brown pelicans, although the smallest of the pelican family are still relatively large birds (up to 8 pounds).
		Since Brown Pelicans incubate their eggs by standing on them with their highly-vascularised feet any loss of structural strength means that the eggs are instantly crushed, regardless of how delicately the bird steps onto the egg.
		Brown Pelicans were reintroduced at several locations, they went on to breed and the numbers are steadily increasing, such that the Brown Pelican is now common in many coastal North American waters.
	www.ms-starship.com /sciencenew/brown_pelican.htm (1433 words)

	Brown Pelican
		The Galapagos population of brown pelican is considered to be an endemic subspecies.
		The brown pelican is an extremely graceful flier, soaring easily on the thermals and, as noted above, it is a plunge diver.
		Pelicans tend to be successful at raising their chicks, but many juveniles, once on their own, die of starvation because they cannot master the technique.
	www.rit.edu /~rhrsbi/GalapagosPages/BrownPelican.html (602 words)

	BROWN PELICAN, Pelecanus occidentalis Carolinensis* (Eastern subspecies , U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service* (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		RANGE AND POPULATION LEVEL: The brown pelican is found along the coast in California and from North Carolina to Texas, Mexico, the West Indies and many Caribbean Islands, and to Guyana and Venezuela in South America.
		Nesting for the eastern brown pelican, in the Southeast Region, is generally confined to the Carolinas, Florida, Louisiana, and the Caribbean.
		Brown pelicans are also known to occur along the Coast of Mississippi, and in the Barrier Islands, although population numbers are unknown.
	www.fws.gov /endangered/i/b/sab2s.html (1567 words)

	Brown Pelican
		The brown pelican eats mainly small surface-schooling fish such as anchovy, and is the only pelican species that frequently dives after its prey.
		One year later, a pelican recovery plan was put into action and populations have since significantly recovered—even to the extent of possibly de-listing the eastern U.S. pelican populations.
		Brown pelicans breed in large colonies on the Channel Islands in Southern California, along the Baja peninsula, and in the Gulf of California, Mexico.
	www.pacificbio.org /ESIN/Birds/BrownPelican/pelican_overview.htm (425 words)

	NatureWorks - Brown Pelican (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The brown pelican is about four feet in length.
		The brown pelican has a very long gray bill with a large pouch of skin.
		The brown pelican can be found in coastal areas like sandy beaches and lagoons.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/brownpelican.htm (554 words)

	Louisiana State Bird - Brown Pelican - Pelecanus Fuscus
		The Brown Pelican, which is one of the most interesting of our American birds, is a constant resident in the Floridas, where it resorts to the Keys and the salt-water inlets, but never enters fresh-water streams, as the White Pelican is wont to do.
		The flight of the Brown Pelican, though to appearance heavy, is remarkably well sustained, that bird being able not only to remain many hours at a time on wing, but also to mount to a great height in the air to perform its beautiful evolutions.
		The head and neck are dark brown, as are the upper parts generally; the secondary and many of the smaller coverts margined with pale brown; the primaries and their coverts as well as the tail-coverts brownish-fl, with white shafts.
	www.50states.com /bird/bpelican.htm (4226 words)

	Animal Tracks - Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)
		Brown pelicans are coastal birds that inhabit the Pacific, Atlantic, and gulf coasts.
		Pelicans hold the water in their bill and let it drain off before swallowing the fish.
		In the 1960s and 1970s, populations of brown pelicans were reduced after DDT in fish caused their egg shells to become too thin for the young to survive.
	www.bear-tracker.com /brownpelican.html (518 words)

	Pelican
		The brown pelican is a large bird, weighing as much as ten pounds and having a wingspan of up to eight feet.
		Pelicans that ate fish contaminated with this poison began to lay eggs with shells so thin that they broke before the baby chicks were hatched.
		The brown pelican achieved official government protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and today, with the benefit of governmental protection and the more intelligent use of pesticides, the brown pelican population is again on the rise throughout the range of its habitat.
	www.stjohnbeachguide.com /Pelican.htm (1401 words)

	Wildlife Viewing - Species Spotlight - Eastern Brown Pelican
		In the late 1950s and '60s, the Louisiana population of brown pelicans was extirpated due to the use of DDT and Endrin, toxic pesticides.
		In 2002 the estimated population of eastern brown pelicans in Florida was 25,600 - 32,000.
		Brown pelicans breed in colonies, mostly on small islands along the Intracoastal Waterway.
	myfwc.com /viewing/species/brwpelican.htm (337 words)

	Brown Pelican
		Virginia is the northern most state that sustains a year-round population of the Brown Pelican.
		The Brown Pelican lays 2-4 eags and nests in colonies.
		The Brown Pelican was endangered in the 1970s due to pesticides.
	www.assateagueisland.com /wildlife/brown_pelican.htm (170 words)

	The Brown Pelican's Return to Coastal Louisiana - Part Two
		In brown pelican restoration efforts, the number of fledglings per nest is used by researchers to determine a given population's viability.
		A good portion of the problem was that the barrier islands such as Queen Bess that the brown pelicans had been reintroduced to were facing their own "extinction" of sorts.
		Just as the brown pelican's sudden disappearance from Louisiana's shores in the 1960's was a signal event in American ornithology, their successful reintroduction and return to historical population numbers has to be considered one of the greatest success stories in the history of U.S. wildlife ecology.
	www.lacoast.gov /articles/bps/2 (2006 words)

	Brown Pelican: WhoZoo
		The brown pelican is a large dark gray-brown water bird with white over the head and the front of the neck. The back of the neck is covered with rich brown feathers. In the breeding season the head feathers turn yellow.
		Brown pelicans are such beautiful birds that when you see them, you just want to have one as your own..
		Even though the two brown pelicans at the zoo like to be around themselves, they are tolerant of the white pelicans and other birds in the exhibit as well.
	www.whozoo.org /AnlifeSS2001/stephbic/SWB_BrownPelican.htm (546 words)

	brown pelican
		The colors of a Brown Pelican are obviously brown, light brown, and white on the top of it's head.
		The brown pelican is known for its straight bill with a huge pouch that can hold three times as much as its stomach.
		Another danger to the brown pelican was DDT, a chemical that was used in 1960-1970 and was sprayed on grasses to kill weeds.
	www.westirondequoit.org /iroquois/birds/pelican.htm (464 words)

	Louisiana State Bird - Brown Pelican
		The brown pelican was designated the state bird of Louisiana in 1966.
		Early European settlers were impressed with the pelican's generous and nurturing attitude toward their young, and the brown pelican has been a symbol of Louisiana since that time.
		The brown pelican is found along the ocean shores and not on inland lakes.
	statesymbolsusa.org /Louisiana/bird_brown_pelican.html (251 words)

	Louisiana State Bird Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis
		In 1902, the pelican was made a prominent part of the official state seal and, ten years later, in 1912, the pelican and her young graced the Louisiana state flag as well.
		At this time, the brown pelican was specified as the official state bird and the association with the pelican on the seal of the state of Louisiana was defined.
		After July 27, 1966, the official bird for the state of Louisiana shall be the Brown Pelican as it presently appears on the seal of the state of Louisiana, and its use on the seal of the state, other insignia of the state and on all official documents is hereby authorized and directed.
	www.netstate.com /states/symb/birds/la_brown_pelican.htm (375 words)

	Santa Barbara Edhat - California Brown Pelican
		The range of the California brown pelican is along the coast from British Columbia in the north, to Central America in the south.
		In 1970, California brown pelicans were faced with extinction, due to the use of DDT as a pesticide.
		Pelicans are also threatened by human disturbance at post-breeding roosts on the central California coast, entanglement with hooks and fishing line, and disease outbreaks resulting from overcrowding in harbors.
	www.edhat.com /site/tidbit.cfm?id=290 (732 words)

	Eastern Brown Pelican (Pelicanus occidentalis)
		The Eastern Brown Pelican, is brownish-grey in body and primary feather coloring having a darker underside, white necks and heads crowned with yellow.
		Pelicans are very social, congregating in flocks throughout the years – they are gregarious by nature and a joy to see in the wild.
		Pelicans are diurnal birds and both parents feed and care for the young usually bringing their “pouch catch” back to the nest so the young can dive in and feed.
	www.tigerhomes.org /animal/eastern-brown-pelican.cfm (1040 words)

	Brown Pelicans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Brown Pelican has an enormous bill and expandable throat pouch to catch fish under water.
		Unlike other pelicans, the Brown Pelican captures its prey by way of a spectacular head-first dive in the water from considerable heights.
		At one time, the numbers of Brown Pelicans were greatly diminished because of the overuse of pesticides, such as DDT.
	www.elkhornslough.org /critters/pelicans.htm (257 words)

	State bird, the brown pelican, symbolizes charity - By BUDDY STALL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The brown pelican derives its name from its color during mating season, which brings out a cinnamon brown shading at the nape of the neck.
		Louisiana pelicans are unlike their counterparts in other parts of the country who build their nests in trees and shrubs.
		Not only is the pelican the state bird, the largest item on the state seal and flag, the state is also nicknamed the Pelican State.
	clarionherald.org /20010426/stall.htm (487 words)

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