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Topic: Brown alga

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Phaeophyta

Red alga

Green alga

Kelp

Heterokont

Golden alga

Zygnematales

Chromista

Seaweed

Nereocystis luetkeana

Kelp forest

Axodine

Protista

Labyrinthulomycetes

Opaline

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	Brown Tide Index
		When concentrations of this alga reach 1-2 million cells per milliliter of water, the water appears brown, taking on the color of the alga and thus the term “brown tide.” Brown tide can withstand a wide range of salinities and temperatures, though it does best in warmer temperatures, and has very few natural predators.
		Brown tides are patchy by nature and are often moved around by winds.
		Brown tide was left without its natural predators, and the decomposition of organisms killed in the freeze introduced large levels of nitrogen into the bay, perhaps acting as a sort of “fertilizer” and allowing the brown tide to bloom out of control.
	www.tpwd.state.tx.us /landwater/water/environconcerns/hab/brown_tide (685 words)

	Researcher turns brown algae phylogeny upside down
		Brown pigments mask the green colour of the chlorophyll.
		As well as examining the external characteristics of the brown algae, the researchers from Leiden University and the University of Groningen also compared the DNA composition of the various species.
		The alga is found off the coast of South China, is one to two centimetres long and grows in small tufts, which with a bit of fantasy can be compared to the hair under the armpits.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-06/nofs-rtb062402.php (298 words)

	Brown alga - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Many brown algae, such as bladder wrack, are found along the seashore and some are used as food.
		Brown algae belong to a large group called the heterokonts, most of which are colored flagellates.
		Brown algae are unique in developing into multicellular forms with differentiated tissues, but they reproduce by means of flagellate spores, which closely resemble other heterokont cells.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Brown_alga (160 words)

	Brown algae - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Many brown algae, such as Fucus, of which bladder wrack is one species, are found along the seashore and some are used as food.
		Brown algae belong to a very large group called the heterokonts, most of which are colored flagellates.
		Brown algae are unique among heterokonts in developing into multicellular forms with differentiated tissues, but they reproduce by means of flagellate spores, which closely resemble other heterokont cells.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Brown_alga (217 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Brown algae belong to a very large group called the hererokonts, a eukaryotic group of organisms distinguished most prominently by having chloroplasts surrounded by four membranes, suggesting an origin from a symbiotic relationship between a basal eukaryote and another eukaryotic organism.
		Most brown algae contain the pigment fucoxanthin, which is responsible for the distinctive greenish-brown color that gives them their name.
		Other algae groups, such as the red algae and green algae have a number of calcareous members, which are more likely to leave evidence in the fossil record than the soft bodies of the brown algae.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=brown_alga (480 words)

	The Haploid Life Cycle (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Colonial alga such as red alga, brown alga, and green alga and filamentous alga such as red, green, and brown alga all exhibit haploid life cycle.
		Volvox, for example is a colonial green algae in which both male gametes and egg are produced in the 1n stage, which then fuse together to form a zygospore, an encysted zygote that is protected from the harsh conditions of the environment.
		Another green algae that exhibits 1n life cycle is the Oedogonium, which is filamentous, or a chain of cells formed in one plane.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /glossary/gloss6/haploid.html (288 words)

	Algae - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although most algae are single-celled and microscopic, some as small as 1 to 2 micrometres...
		Brown Algae, about 1,500 species of almost exclusively marine, brown-coloured algae, known as seaweeds, that make up the brown algae phylum in the...
		bladder wrack, brown alga, fucus, green alga, gulfweed, Irish moss, kelp, laminaria, phytoplankton, pond scum, red alga, rockweed, sea lettuce, sea...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Algae.html (119 words)

	Role of a Vitronectin-Like Molecule in Embryo Adhesion of the Brown Alga Fucus -- Wagner et al. 89 (8): 3644 -- ...
		Role of a Vitronectin-Like Molecule in Embryo Adhesion of the Brown Alga Fucus -- Wagner et al.
		Role of a Vitronectin-Like Molecule in Embryo Adhesion of the Brown Alga Fucus
		The rhizoid cell of the two-celled embryo of the brown alga Fucus is structurally and functionally differentiated from the thallus cell.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/89/8/3644 (469 words)

	Hypnea musciformis
		This alga is easily identified by the flattened, broad hooks at the end of many branches.
		Hypnea musciformis is an extremely abundant alga that is commercially cultivated throughout its world distribution as a food source and for its kappa carrageenan.
		The success of this alga in Hawai‘i is likely due to a rapid growth rate, ability to epiphytize other algae and easy fragmentation.
	www.hawaii.edu /reefalgae/invasive_algae/rhodo/hypnea_musciformis.htm (531 words)

	Brown Algae Phylogeny Turned Completely Upside Down
		According to fellow phycologists, algae expert Stefan Draisma from the Leiden University in The Netherlands has turned brown algae phylogeny completely upside down.
		Brown pigments mask the green color of the chlorophyll.
		The alga is found off the coast of South China, is one to two centimeters long and grows in small tufts, which, with a bit of fantasy, can be compared to the hair under the armpits.
	unisci.com /stories/20022/0627026.htm (313 words)

	DSRT - Brown Tide Newsletter
		The brown tide concentrations were evaluated using the Brown Tide Bloom Index (Gastrich and Wazniak, 2002) that relates concentrations of the brown tide organism, A.
		Brown tide blooms increase during June when juvenile hard clam growth and new growth of seagrasses were reported, which may cause potentially harmful impacts to these natural resources that are already impacted by multiple stressors.
		Because brown tide blooms have recurred for the last three years in Barnegat Bay, Little Egg Harbor, Great Bay, and Great Egg Inlet, New Jersey (and occur further south in Maryland), additional monitoring for brown tides is needed in coastal waters farther south in New Jersey.
	www.state.nj.us /dep/dsr/browntide/bt-oct2002.htm (1686 words)

	algae
		If you can, telling brown seaweeds (always filamentous) from diatoms (always unicellular, and the glass houses they live in are very distinctive most of the time) is dead easy.
		It may be worth noting that algae like this will appear on reefs in nature when grazing animals have been removed for whatever reason - and the algae will proceed to choke out the invertebrates.
		Cladophora and its mates in the "hair/thread algae" box are eukaryotes and respond poorly or not at all to anti-bacterial agents.
	www.thekrib.com /Marine/algae.html (1055 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The cause of these "brown tides" was an unusually high abundance of a rather unique and previously undescribed alga.
		The alga eventually was given the name Aureococcus anophagefferens which loosely translates to "golden cell that causes feeding to stop", a good description of its effect on large benthic organisms such as bivalve molluscs.
		The ability of the brown tide alga to escape the controlling influence of these predators is a fascinating aspect of its ecology but one that is poorly understood.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/biosci/DEPARTMENT/FACULTY/caron/txt/noxi_micro.html (597 words)

	ALGA-NET SEAWEED RESOURCES
		Seaweeds or marine algae are the oldest living organism on earth and are rather wrongly considered as "sea plants".
		Green, red or brown seaweeds can be found along the seashore to depth of 200 m.
		A bookmark is a good and functional wedding favor or promotional giveaways that can be appreciated by all.
	www.alga-net.com (151 words)

	Microclimate of the brown-alga Feldmannia caespitula interstitium under zero-flow conditions
		The microclimate of the brown alga Feldmannia caespitula (J. Agardh) Knoepffler-Péguy interstitium was studied using microelectrode techniques.
		The mean flux of O2 from the interstitium to the surrounding bulk water were 87 ± 21 and 262 ± 68 nmol cm-2 h-1 at low and high quantum flux density.
		Except for the outer 2-4 mm thick margin, the alga interstitium became anoxic within 52 minutes after abrupt darkening.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Publications/Poe2001a_abstract.html (231 words)

	brown alga (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Abacci > Abaccipedia > br > brown alga
		The brown algae are a large group of multicellular algae, including various sorts of seaweed.
		Seasonal variation in antifouling activity of crude extracts of the brown alga Bifurcaria bifurcata (Cystoseiraceae) against cyprids of Balanus amphitrite...
	www.abacci.com /wikipedia/topic.aspx?cur_title=brown_alga (176 words)

	info: Brown_alga (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Brown alga definition, words related to brown alga, proper usage and pronunciation of the word brown...
		Brown algaThe brown algae are a large group of multicellular algae, including various sorts of seaweed.
		Brown Algae Phylogeny Turned Completely Upside DownDuring the phylogenetic research, the biologists also discovered new species of brown alga.
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Brown_alga.html (767 words)

	Algae - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Like plants, most algae use the energy of sunlight to make their own food, a process called...
		Cyanobacteria, members of a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes single-celled organisms that lack an enclosed nucleus and other specialized cell...
		Brown Algae, about 1500 species of almost exclusively marine, brown-colored algae, known as seaweeds, that make up the brown algae phylum in the...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Algae.html (116 words)

	Biology of Algae video/DVD guide.
		This is different from green algae and plants which have both chlorophyll a and b.
		In the plastids of healthy red algae, the green color of chlorophyll A is masked by molecules of bright red pigments.
		Like the multicellular green and brown algae of seashores, red algae have complex life cycles that switch back and forth between two completely different bodies.
	ebiomedia.com /prod/algaeguide1.html (2009 words)

	Division Phaeophyta
		This brown alga possesses a thallus that ranges in color from tan to dark brown that supports branches up to 35 cm tall.
		The axis and branches are solid in lower areas of the plant, and become hollow towards the terminal end of this alga.
		palm, this brown alga is easily recognized by its resemblance to a small palm tree.
	www.usfca.edu /fac_staff/chienp/division%20phaeophyta.html (653 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Kinesin-5 motors are required for organization of spindle microtubules in Silvetia ...
		The fucoid marine brown alga Silvetia compressa, a member of the stramenopile lineage, displays oogamous fertilization in which a large sessile egg is fertilized by a small motile sperm [1].
		Brown algal centrosomes are fully separated on the nuclear envelope prior to entry into mitosis, residing about 15 μm apart [33].
		Proper alignment of the mitotic spindle in brown algae has been shown to be a MT-dependent process [27], and we observed that condensed chromatin was displaced in zygotes treated with paclitaxel or oryzalin (data not shown).
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2229/6/19 (4587 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- seaweed - AOL Research & Learn (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fucus, called rockweed or bladderwrack, is a tough, leathery brown alga (though it often looks olive-green) that clings to rocks and has flattened, branched fronds buoyed by air bladders at the tips.
		Seaweeds, especially species of the red algae Porphyra (nori) and Chondrus, form an important part of the diet and are farmed for food in China and Japan; other species (often called laver) are eaten in the British Isles and Iceland.
		Irish moss or carrageen (Chondrus crispus), a red alga, is one of the few seaweeds used commercially in the United States.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/seaweed/20051207050909990026 (712 words)

	brown
		(of persons) having the skin naturally pigmented a brown color.
		to brown onions before adding them to the stew.
		The power failure browned out the southern half of the state.
	www.infoplease.com /dictionary/brown (156 words)

	Harmful Algal Blooms Index
		Algae are microscopic plants that are usually aquatic, unicellular, and lack true stems, roots, and leaves.
		They are single celled algae with two whip-like flagella (one in a central groove and another placed vertically).
		The golden alga is a species in a different algal family called the Chrysophyta.
	www.tpwd.state.tx.us /landwater/water/environconcerns/hab (629 words)

	www.seaweed.ie
		Seaweeds are marine algae: saltwater-dwelling, simple organisms that fall into the rather outdated general category of "plants".
		Most of them are the green (about 1200 species), brown (about 1750 species) or red (about 6000 species) kinds illustrated on this page, and most are attached by holdfasts, which just have an anchorage function, although a particularly efficient one.
		The main food species grown by aquaculture in China, Korea and Japan are Nori (Porphyra, a red alga), Kombu or Kunbu (Laminaria or Saccharina: brown algae) and Wakame (Undaria, also a brown alga).
	www.seaweed.ie (552 words)

	Structural and haemostatic activities of a sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga spatoglossum schrdelta ederi. An ...
		Structural and haemostatic activities of a sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga spatoglossum schrdelta ederi.
		Structural and haemostatic activities of a sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga spatoglossum schr
		The brown alga Spatoglossum schröederi contains three fractions of sulfated polysaccharides.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/M501124200v1 (393 words)

	NOAA Ocean Explorer: Gulf of Mexico Deep Sea Habitats
		Seaweeds are multicellular plantlike organisms composed of green, brown and red macroalgae, so-called due to the presence of particular pigments in their structures.
		Fleshy seaweeds are typically erect and grow on stony surfaces, in sand or on other algae, whereas encrusting algae form tightly adhering crusts on rocks.
		Of particular interest is a deep-water flora dominated in number of species by gelatinous red algae whose members are separated from one another based on the early development of female reproductive structures (see Fig.
	oceanexplorer.noaa.gov /explorations/03mex/background/seaweeds/seaweeds.html (947 words)

	Protists II - Kingdoms Stramenopila, Rhodophyta, and Chlorophyta
		Many golden algae are predators (as well as being photoautotrophic), using pseudopodia to prey on smaller organisms (e.g., diatoms and bacteria).
		Another word used informally to describe a specific type of alga is "kelp," which refers to giant seaweeds that grow in the deeper waters outside of the intertidal zone.
		Although there is great variety among algae in modes of reproduction, we will focus on alternation of generations (the most complex of their life cycles).
	courses.bio.psu.edu /fall2005/biol110/tutorials/tutorial30.htm (2442 words)

	Fordham University Biology Department (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wehr, J.D., and Stein, J.R. Studies on the autecology and biogeography of the freshwater brown alga Heribaudiella fluviatilis (Aresch.) Sved.
		Brown, L.M. and Wehr, J.D. Development of selenium analysis methodology at ng/L levels for soft waters subject to acidic precipitation.
		Wehr, J.D. and Sheath, R.G. Freshwater Habitats of Algae.
	www.fordham.edu /biology/faculty/wehr.shtml (760 words)

	BioG 105/106 \| Autotutorial Introductory Biology
		General Characteristics: The sister group of the Alveolata, the Stramenopila is a diverse group that includes oomycotes (water molds and other heterotrophic fungus-like organisms) and heterokont algae.
		Heterokonts also have choloroplasts with a triple-membrane, suggesting that they evolved by secondary endosymbiosis, perhaps via ingestion of a red alga which had already acquired a chloroplast from a cyanobacterium through primary endosymbiosis.
		Brown algae are the largest and structurally most complex algae and get their color from fucoxanthin (C
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /courses/biog105/labs/plants/stramenopila.html (215 words)

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