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Topic: Bruchs membrane

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Choroid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Bruch's membrane - innermost layer of the choroid
		Bruchs membrane is the innermost layer of the choroid.
		The sclera and cornea form the fibrous tunic of the bulb of the eye; the sclera is opaque, and constitutes the posterior five-sixths of the tunic; the cornea is transparent, and forms the anterior sixth.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Choroid (1420 words)

	theramac
		The narrowing of the capillary lumen and the atrophy of the choriocapillaris at the macula is the cause of the RPE malfunction.
		Bruch’s membrane thickens with age, and accumulation of lipids interferes with the function of the RPE, affecting the overlying photoreceptors.
		As the membrane permeability decreases and the choriocapillaris degenerates, the lack of oxygen increases.
	www.mdsupport.org /library/theramac.html (2404 words)

	Accumulation of deposits in Bruch’s membrane in MICE correlates with age and high-fat diet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Purpose: To examine the histologic and ultrastructural changes in Bruch’s membrane in different aged mice and the effect of elevated serum cholesterol on Bruch’s membrane.
		Bruch’s membrane was thicker in group 2 than group 1 (p=0.0410) and group 3 had a thicker Bruch’s membrane than group 2 (p=0.0033).
		All mice in group 3 exhibited accumulation of electron-lucent particles and membrane-bounded particles in Bruch’s membrane, and one group 3 mouse developed an atheromatous-like plaque in Bruch’s membrane.
	www.dog.org /2000/e-abstract_2000/4.html (263 words)

	Choroidal neovascular membrane associated with choroidal osteoma (CO) treated with trans-pupillary thermo therapy. ...
		Choroidal neovascular membrane associated with choroidal osteoma (CO) treated with trans-pupillary thermo therapy.
		Choroidal neovascular membrane, a known complication of choroidal osteoma causing visual loss when located subfoveally, can be successfully treated with transpupillary thermo therapy.
		The limited success rate seen may be ascribed to the depigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) underlying the choroidal osteoma and the thinned and degenerated RPE-Bruchs membrane complex, which would lessen the energy absorption necessary to close the CNVM.
	www.ijo.in /article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=2004;volume=52;issue=4;spage=329;epage=30;aulast=Sharma (796 words)

	Webvision: Simple Anatomy of the Retina
		The outer limiting membrane (OLM) of the retina is formed from adherens junctions between Muller cells and photoreceptor cell inner segments.
		The inner limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina is likewise composed of laterally contacting Muller cell end feet and associated basement membrane constituents.
		The OLM forms a barrier between the subretinal space, into which the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptors project to be in close association with the pigment epithelial layer behind the retina, and the neural retina proper.
	webvision.med.utah.edu /sretina.html (3357 words)

	IngentaConnect Fine Structure of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Bruchs Membrane...
		The fine structure of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris in the ostrich (Struthio camelus) was investigated by using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
		Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) was typical pentalaminate throughout the retina, as noted in the majority of other vertebrates.
		The endothelium of the choriocapillaris facing Bruch's membrane was extremely thin but only moderately fenestrated.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/ahe/2004/00000033/00000001/art00008 (271 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Optical coherence tomography: an assessment of current training across all levels of ...
		The magnitude of resolution and penetration depth allow discrimination of discrete retinal layers, including the nerve fibre layer, photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, Bruchs membrane and the choroid [2].
		The high-resolution optical cross sectional images generated are increasingly being used to aid diagnosis and subsequent management in a wide range of retinal pathology, including central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal pigment epithelial detachments, cystoid macular oedema, epiretinal membranes and clinically significant macula oedema [1,4,5].
		OCT scans provide an objective qualitative and quantitative retinal assessment which is clearly advantageous in the effective management of patients, both in terms of diagnosis and monitoring of response to therapy, especially when compared to the wide inter- and intra-observer variation in subjective assessments performed by clinicians.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2415/6/33 (1610 words)

	Lecture 21. Special Sense Organs
		membraneous labyrinth: filled with endolymph: closed; interconnected fluid-filled; lined by simple epithelium except in endolymphatic sac (in subdural space) lined by columnar epithelium [possibly site ofendolymph absorption]
		membraneous component of cochlear: arises from saccule; triangular canal divides osseous space into 3 spiral components
		separated from scala tympani by basilar membrane supporting spiral organ; composed of fibrous tissue; attached axially to spiral lamina and laterally to spiral ligament (marked thickiening of endosteum on lateral wall of cochlear canal); stria vascularis: thickened outer wall; highly vascular; maintains ionic composition of endolymph
	www.pitt.edu /~sshostak/biosci1450/hislec21.html (1156 words)

	Age-related antioxidant capacity of the vitreous and its possible relationship with simultaneous changes in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It is well established that the retina undergoes several decremental functional and structural changes with age, and it has been suggested that most of these age-related changes may be mainly due to oxidative stress through light-induced mechanisms.
		Thus the purpose of this study was to explore possible interrelationships between the oxidative capacity of the vitreous and the number of photoreceptors, the fluorescent intensity of the retina, and the thickness of the Bruch's membrane in eyes from donors dying from the third to the eighth decade of life.
		The results showed that the total reactive antioxidant potential of the vitreous significantly decreased with the age of the donor's eyes, and that this decrease was directly correlated with decreases in the photoreceptors and inversely correlated with increases in the autofluorescent intensity of the retina and the thickness of the Bruch's membrane.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/views/article.htt?jnl=01674943&iss=3&vol=34&pii=S016749430200013 (262 words)

	Physicians & Students/Age Related Macular Degeneration
		They accumulate in the Bruchs membrane just underneath the RPE.
		They appear as yellow excrescences in the posterior pole on ophthalmoscopy.
		It also produce "cracks" in the Bruchs membrane that allow choroidal vessels to grow in the
	www.eyeweb.org /amd.htm (356 words)

	SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR MACULAR DEGENERATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The vascular buds from the choroid grow through the Bruchs membrane, disrupt the macular anatomy including the critical photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium interface, leak serum and formed blood elements and lead to irreversible loss of overlying photoreceptors.
		One of the principal limiting factors in the laser treatment of CNVM is the concomitant damage to the overlying sensory retina, which is particularly harmful when the membrane is under the centre of the fovea.
		Gass has classified such membranes as type 2 while those posterior to the RPE are classiclassified as type 1.
	www.bhj.org /journal/2002_4403_jul/md_379.htm (2562 words)

	MACULAR TRANSLOCATION SURGERY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The inner aspect of Bruchs membrane is diffusely thickened, impeding adequate passage of nutrients from choroid to the pigment epithelium and metabolic products from pigment epithelium to choroid.
		Macular photocoagulation study had observed that the natural course of the sub foveal CNV was always poor because of the damage that can be caused to the fovea because of treatment or lack of it.
		In MPS,[1] very few patients with subfoveal membrane and AMD whether lasered or not retained visual acuity 20/100 and most of the patients had vision less than 10/160 after four years.
	www.bhj.org /journal/2002_4403_jul/md_392.htm (2221 words)

	Macular Degeneration File: Surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The posterior vitreous membrane was artificially detached during surgery, but photocoagulation and/or a subretinal procedure for choroidal neovascularization was not performed.
		In two eyes, the choroidal neovascular membranes were removed at the time of macular translocation; in seven eyes they were photocoagulated in the postoperative period; and in one eye the membrane was removed during reoperation to unfold a macular fold.
		In a 75-year-old man with macular degeneration and choroidal neovascular membrane, radial-interrupted mattress sutures were used for macular translocation.RESULTS: In the human cadaver eyes, circumferential mattress sutures for scleral infolding created an average decrease in corresponding internal anteroposterior retinal contour of 0.36 mm.
	ssl.adgrafix.com /users/lifestag/macular/surgical.html (7959 words)

	Ophthalmic Hyperguide. Oculoplastics: Evisceration and Sympathetic Ophthalmia: Is the Procedure Worth the Risk?
		Involvement of the choriocapillaris retina and optic nerve, which at one time was believed to be uncharacteristic features, occurs frequently.
		Granulomas (Dalen-Fuch nodules) between the Bruchs membrane and retinal pigment epithelium can be seen clinically.
		In a review of 105 cases seen at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 65% of sympathetic ophthalmia cases occurred between 2 weeks and 3 months after injury and 70% occurred before 3 months.
	www.ophthalmic.hyperguides.com /tutorials/oculoplastics/evisceration/tutorial.asp (1661 words)

	Segmento posteriore - Clinica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Two patterns of CNV have been identified regarding the relationship of the neovascular membrane to the retinal pigment epithelium and the Bruchs’ membrane.
		Eyes with small neovascular membranes have been excluded from the SST because they are known to carry the best prognosis with laser photocoagulation.
		The recently published PDT results suggest that this treatment is of benefit for larger lesions, but the benefit was limited to “predominantly classic” patterns of leakage, where fluorescein angiography demonstrated the area of classic neovascularization comprising 50% or more of the area of the entire lesion.
	www.sifi.it /archivio/EN131/en.rubri01.htm (1370 words)

	Complete Cellulase System in the Marine Bacterium Saccharophagus degradans Strain 2-40T -- Taylor et al. 188 (11): 3849 ...
		Internal glucose residues of cellulose chains are represented by open hexagons, while the nonreducing ends are indicated by diagonal lineed hexagons, with the reducing ends shown as solid filled hexagons.
		The bacterial inner and outer membranes are indicated by shaded dashed lines.
		Lipoprotein anchors are shown embedded in the outer membrane with the lipid moiety represented by the zigzag line.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/188/11/3849 (5948 words)

	CNV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The degeneration of the RPE layer(atrophy) can cause a weakening of Bruchs membrane to a point that a blood vessel from the underlining choroidal layer can grow up and through the RPE.
		Choroidal, because that's the point of orgin, Neovascular, "new" vessels, and membrane refers to the sheet or mass formation of these vessels.
		These new blood vessels are unlike regular blood vessels because they are weak and are prone to leak and break.
	www.californiaretina.com /CNV.htm (164 words)

	By Color> Retina > Dr. Steensma
		Light reflex is from a healthy internal limiting membrane
		Vessels between hyaloid face and internal limiting membrane.
		Fibrous growths through bruches membrane into RPE in disciform macular degeneration
	www.visioneyedoctor.com /eye_disease/retina/by_color.htm (501 words)

	Dry Macular Degeneration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Bruch's membrane is a basement membrane locatedbetween the retinal pigment epithelium and thechoroid.
		Bruch's membrane represents a barrier to diffusion of nutritionfrom the vessels of the choroid to the retinal pigmentepithelium.
		Dry macular degeneration, in which the cells of the macula slowly begin to break down, is diagnosed in 90 percent of the cases.
	www.disease-finds.com /directory/macular-degeneration/dry-macular-degeneration.html (696 words)

	[No title]
		The redox reaction of the complex in proteoliposomes caused a membrane potential due to an electrochemical proton gradient as measured with fluorescent probes.
		The relative contribution of Bruch's membrane in the BC complex to transport processes was measured after its removal by laser ablation.
		The polypeptide content of the thylakoid membranes and the transcripts of some photosynthetic genes of the mutants compared to wild type, were analyzed by Western and Northern blotting.
	www-u.life.uiuc.edu /labs/crofts/arc-lit/200405/22025639 (18178 words)

	Age-related antioxidant capacity of the vitreous and its possible relationship with simultaneous changes in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It is well established that the retina undergoes several decremental functional and structural changes with age, and it has been suggested that most of these age-related changes may be mainly due to oxidative stress through light-induced mechanisms.
		Thus the purpose of this study was to explore possible interrelationships between the oxidative capacity of the vitreous and the number of photoreceptors, the fluorescent intensity of the retina, and the thickness of the Bruch's membrane in eyes from donors dying from the third to the eighth decade of life.
		The results showed that the total reactive antioxidant potential of the vitreous significantly decreased with the age of the donor's eyes, and that this decrease was directly correlated with decreases in the photoreceptors and inversely correlated with increases in the autofluorescent intensity of the retina and the thickness of the Bruch's membrane.
	www1.elsevier.com /cdweb/views/article.htt?jnl=01674943&iss=3&vol=34&pii=S016749430200013 (262 words)

	IngentaConnect Fine Structure of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Bruchs Membrane...
		Fine Structure of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Bruch's Membrane and Choriocapillaris in the Horse
		The fine structure of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris was investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy in both the tapetal and non-tapetal fundus of the horse eye.
		In all locations, the RPE consisted of a single layer of low cuboidal cells.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bsc/ahe/2000/00000029/00000003/art00002 (191 words)

	Reference #5-2 AMD and Bright Light Therapy
		Toxicity was associated with a loss of lysosomal integrity.
		CONCLUSIONS: A2-E is detrimental to RPE cell function by a variety of mechanisms: inhibition of lysosomal degradative capacity, loss of membrane integrity, and phototoxicity.
		Abnormal accumulation of EFEMP1 between the RPE and Bruch's membrane, or within Bruch's membrane, may create a physical barrier to transport between the RPE and the choroidal blood supply, resulting in the additional accumulation of other molecules, thereby forming drusen and other sub-RPE deposits."
	www.sunnexbiotech.com /ref/ref-br5-2.html (849 words)

	[No title]
		Thus, superoxide production exhibits a distinct membrane sidedness or "topology." In the present work, using measurements of hydrogen peroxide (Amplex red) as well as superoxide (modified Cypridina luciferin analog and aconitase), we demonstrate that Complex I-dependent superoxide is exclusively released into the matrix and that no detectable levels escape from intact mitochondria.
		AB - Membrane proteins represent a valuable source of potential drug targets due to their intimate involvement in a wide variety of disease states, including diabetes, cancer and neurological disorders.
		AB - Aging is associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions, which trigger membrane leakage, release of reactive species from oxygen and nitrogen and subsequent induction of peroxidative reactions that result in biomolecules' damaging and releasing of metals with amplification of free radicals discharge.
	www-u.life.uiuc.edu /labs/crofts/arc-lit/200412/21033759 (17091 words)

	appE.rtf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		MS - The membrane, also called the lamina basalis choroideae, that acts as a support structure on the inner side of the choroid (the vascular sheet that supplies the retinal pigment epithelium and the outer portion of the sensory retina adjacent to it).
		It is 7 microns thick and is composed of the basement membranes of the choriocapillaris endothelium and the retinal pigment epithelium.
		MS - An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base.
	www.opt.indiana.edu /guideline/appE.html (15267 words)

	Ophthalmology Department, University of the Witwaterand, Edu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		- They are capable of degrading all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM)and basement membrane - New proteolytic functions are being defined including the degradation of non-matrix macromolecules such as myelin basic protein, inactivation of alpha antitrypsin, release of growth factors from ECM and cleavage of bioactive molecules from the cell surface.
		It is a direct MMP inhibitor and prevents the influx of inflammatory cells across basement membranes.
		* The ECM accumulations may be due to dimer formation which is resistant to degradation and accumulates in Bruch's membrane or binding of TIMP-2 to abnormal matrix accumulations.
	www.health.wits.ac.za /ophthalmology/opjan01.htm (3664 words)

	Macular Degeneration FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Note that the conditions called macular hole and epimacular membrane (also called "macular pucker", "wrinkling", or "cellophane") are not macular degeneration.
		It is basically an evolving scar; bleeding and leakage are the early stage of a scar.
		The vision does not improve because the cells do not stick to the appropriate layer (Bruchs membrane), and vessels under the RPE (choriocapillaris) disappear.
	www.charles-retina.com /md-faq.htm (1959 words)

	Toxoplasma gondii Infection Induces Gene Expression and Secretion of Interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, Granulocyte-Macrophage ...
		through the RPE-Bruchs membrane barrier from the choroid to the
		protocols of hybridizations, membranes were washed twice with
		Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) expression in human epiretinal membranes.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/1/407 (2341 words)

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