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Topic: Brugia malayi

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	Brugia malayi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brugia malayi is a filarial worm which causes filariasis in humans.
		In 1958 the separate genus Brugia was proposed by Buckley, and Filaria malayi became known as Brugia malayi.
		Causal Agents: Filariasis is caused by nematodes (roundworms) that inhabit the lymphatics and subcutaneous tissues.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brugia_malayi (1004 words)

	Elevated Immunoglobulin E against Recombinant Brugia malayi{gamma}-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Patients with Bancroftian ...
		Pulmonary inflammation induced by a recombinant Brugia malayi gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase homolog: involvement of humoral autoimmune responses.
		Brugia pahangi: immunologic evaluation of the differential susceptibility of filarial infection in inbred Lewis rats.
		Induction of murine T-helper-cell responses to the filarial nematode Brugia malayi.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/2/747 (4606 words)

	A Hypodermally Expressed Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase from the Filarial Nematode Brugia malayi Is Soluble and Active in the ...
		A Hypodermally Expressed Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase from the Filarial Nematode Brugia malayi Is Soluble and Active in the Absence of Protein Disulfide Isomerase -- Winter et al.
		malayi extracts were incubated either in the absence (lanes 2 and 4) or presence (lanes 1 and 3) of PNGase F N-glycanase.
		malayi PHY-1 is unusual among the metazoan P4Hs in that it is a soluble and active P4H in the absence of a PDI subunit.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/4/2554 (5871 words)

	Brugia malayi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The endemic range of Brugia malayi is confined to South and South-East Asia from India in the west to Korea in the east.
		The nocturnally periodic form is found in areas with rice fields and the nocturnally subperiodic form is found in rural villages and plantations along the lower reaches of major rivers in swamp forests (see HERE for some comments on periodicity).
		malayi is almost identical to that of Wuchereria bancrofti.
	maven.smith.edu /~sawlab/fgn/pnb/brugmal.html (302 words)

	Novel Phage Display-Based Subtractive Screening To Identify Vaccine Candidates of Brugia malayi -- Gnanasekar et al. 72 ...
		The abundant larval transcript-1 and -2 genes of Brugia malayi encode stage-specific candidate vaccine antigens for filariasis.
		The Wuchereria bancrofti orthologue of Brugia malayi SXP1 and the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis.
		Identification, synthesis and immunogenicity of cuticular collagens from the filarial nematodes Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/8/4707 (5784 words)

	Brugi malayi (elephantiasis) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Many aspects of the biology of Brugia malayi are similar to Wuchereria bancrofti.
		It is a vector borne disease, spread by mosquitos (view diagram of the life cycle), and it can cause elephatiasis.
		The primary difference between the two species is that brugian filariasis is not as widely distributed as is bancroftian filariais, although the distributions of the two diseases overlap in many areas of the world (view geographic distribution of filariasis).
	www.biosci.ohio-state.edu /~parasite/brugia.html (72 words)

	3.3 FILARIAL GENOMICS -- Williams 71 (5 Supplement): 37 -- American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
		Brugia and the mitochondrial genomes from Brugia and Onchocerca,
		malayi genome sequence and to annotate the genome,
		Construction of bacterial artificial chromosome libraries from the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi and physical mapping of the genome of its Wolbachia endosymbiont.
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/full/71/5_suppl/37 (2119 words)

	Brugia malayi chitinase (BmCHT1), Human Parasite Drug Targets, New England Biolabs
		Brugia malayi chitinase (BmCHT1) is expressed in the microfilarial stage, the first larval stage, of the organism and is thought to be important in the exsheathment process of the microfilaria (1).
		Exsheathment is required for further development of the microfilaria once ingested by the mosquito vector (2).
		The microfiliaria of Brugia malayi have been shown to have chitin in their sheaths (3).
	www.neb.com /nebecomm/products/productP5205.asp (448 words)

	Brugia malayi Microfilariae Induce Cell Death in Human Dendritic Cells, Inhibit Their Ability to Make IL-12 and IL-10, ...
		Inflammatory responses induced by the filarial nematode Brugia malayi are mediated by lipopolysaccharide-like activity from endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria.
		The lymphatic pathology of Brugia pahangi in nude (athymic) and thymic mice C3H/HeN.
		Regulatory cytokines in the lymphatic pathology of athymic mice infected with Brugia malayi.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/171/4/1950 (6048 words)

	Brugia malayi
		The Brugia malayi Sequencing and Mapping Project page is provided by The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, as part of a sequencing effort in collaboration with Mark Blaxter's lab at the University of Edinburgh to compare the genomes of related nematode species.
		The Brugia malayi Gene Index (BmGI) from The Institute of Genomic Research (TIGR) integrates research data from international EST sequencing and gene research projects.
		The Brugia malayi Genome Project is provided by The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR).
	bioresearch.ac.uk /browse/mesh/D017178.html (324 words)

	Inflammatory Responses Induced by the Filarial Nematode Brugia malayi Are Mediated by Lipopolysaccharide-like Activity ...
		Inflammatory Responses Induced by the Filarial Nematode Brugia malayi Are Mediated by Lipopolysaccharide-like Activity from Endosymbiotic Wolbachia Bacteria -- Taylor et al.
		Rao, U.R., Vickery, A.C., Kwa, B.H., Nayar, J.K. Regulatory cytokines in the lymphatic pathology of athymic mice infected with Brugia malayi.
		Taylor, M.J., Cross, H.F., Mohammed, A.A., Trees, A.J., Bianco, A.E. Susceptibility of Brugia malayi and Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae to nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in cell-free culture and from IFN
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/191/8/1429 (3762 words)

	Filariases: Strategic Research - Gene Discovery
		Over 6000 Brugia malayi genes have been identified since 1995 (over 3500 in the last two years).
		malayi - these may be important in developing new ways to block the development of the parasite.
		Researchers are currently using this method to look for genes from B. malayi and other nematodes that influence the host’s immune response and play a role in protective immunity.
	www.who.int /tdr/research/progress/fil_str/discovery.htm (256 words)

	Rajan lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Spencer, L., Shultz, L. and Rajan, T.V. T cells are required for host protection against Brugia malayi but need not produce or respond to interleukin-4.
		T.V. Kinetics of cellular responses to intraperitoneal Brugia pahangi infections in normal and immunodeficient mice.
		Rajan TV, Paciorkowski N, Kalajzic I, McGuiness C. Ascorbic acid is a requirement for the morphogenesis of the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi.
	cmp.uchc.edu /Rajan_lab/rajan_lab.htm (411 words)

	The Sanger Institute: Brugia malayi
		Permission of the principal investigator should be obtained before publishing analyses of the sequence/open reading frames/genes on a chromosome or genome scale.
		The Sanger Institute is carrying out a combined sequencing and mapping project of Brugia malayi in collaboration with Mark Blaxter at The University of Edinburgh.
		This project involves end sequencing of over 4600 BACs and producing 150kb of finished sequence of the region around the MIF-1 locus, which is covered by 7 BAC sequences that have been mapped by the Blaxter Lab.
	www.sanger.ac.uk /Projects/B_malayi (244 words)

	Infection of IL-4-deficient mice with the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi demonstrates that host resistance is not ...
		Infection of IL-4-deficient mice with the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi demonstrates that host resistance is not dependent on a T helper 2-dominated immune response.
		Resistance of intact mice to infection with the filarial nematode, Brugia malayi is dependent on the presence of T cells.
		In mice, therefore, the prominent Th2-type response elicited by filarial parasites may not be an essential component of the host protective immune response.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1995/aug/M9580234.html (531 words)

	Blaxter Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Using gridded BAC libraries, we are generating genome maps for Brugia malayi
		TIGR has been funded by the US NIAID to perform an eight-fold coverage shotgun sequence survey of the Brugia malayi genome.
		Brugia malayi genome sequence from Edinburgh and the Sanger Institute
	nema.cap.ed.ac.uk /fgp.html (240 words)

	Untitled Document
		In 1927, Lichtenstein and Brug identified microfilaria that were distinct from the previously discovered Wucheria bancrofti while in Indonesia.
		In 1958, Buckley proposed the recognition of a new genus Brugia.
		The adults were isolated in 1977 by Partono and named Brugia timori.
	www.stanford.edu /class/humbio103/ParaSites2004/Filariasis/history.htm (251 words)

	eMedicine - Filariasis : Article by Michael D Nissen, BMedSc, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA
		The consequence is lymphatic damage and chronic leakage of protein-rich lymph in the tissues, thickening and verrucous changes of the skin, and chronic streptococcal and fungal infections, which all contribute to the appearance of elephantiasis.
		B malayi elephantiasis is more likely to affect the upper and lower limbs, with genital pathology and chyluria being rare.
		Life cycles of other lymphatic nematodes (ie, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori) are identical, while the life cycles for other filariae differ in the body location of adult worms, the microfilariae present, and the arthropod intermediate hosts and vectors.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic794.htm (4924 words)

	Brugia Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Brugia malayi Database contains consensus sequences generated from aligning the Brugia malayi sequences contained in dbEST as of September 18, 1998.
		BLAST queries of Brugia sequences (both consensus and EST libraries are available).
		TEXT SEARCH to identify Brugia consensus sequences that show similarity to genbank entries or that contain prosite motifs.
	www.cbil.upenn.edu /ParaDBs/Brugia_2 (114 words)

	B1 B Lymphocytes Play a Critical Role in Host Protection against Lymphatic Filarial Parasites -- Paciorkowski et al. ...
		Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi third stage (L3) larvae were
		Suswillo, R.R., Owen, D.G., Denham, D.A. Infections of Brugia pahangi in conventional and nude (athymic) mice.
		Rajan, T.V., Shultz, L.D, Yates, J., Greiner, D.L. B lymphocytes are not required for murine resistance to the human filarial parasite, Brugia malayi.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/191/4/731 (2686 words)

	Brugia malayi Genome Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Sequence status of the Brugia malayi genome project and results of the assembly.
		Annotated sequences will be displayed based on their map position and will be searchable by clone name as well as by gene name.
		malayi ESTs as well as transcripts from Genbank have been assembled into contigs and built into the Brugia malayi Gene Index (BmGI).
	www.tigr.org /tdb/e2k1/bma1 (155 words)

	Edinburgh Research Archive : Item 1842/171 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Infections with the helminth parasite Brugia malayi share many key features with Th2-mediated allergic diseases, including recruitment of eosinophils.
		We have investigated the dynamics of inflammatory cell recruitment under type 2 cytokine conditions in mice infected with B. malayi.
		Because B. malayi is known to secrete homologs (Bm macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-1 and -2) of the human cytokine MIF, we chose to investigate the role this cytokine mimic may play in the development of the novel macrophage phenotype observed during infection.
	hdl.handle.net /1842/171 (194 words)

	A Brugia malayi Homolog of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Reveals an Important Link Between Macrophages and ...
		A Brugia malayi Homolog of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Reveals an Important Link Between Macrophages and Eosinophil Recruitment During Nematode Infection -- Falcone et al.
		A Brugia malayi Homolog of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Reveals an Important Link Between Macrophages and Eosinophil Recruitment During Nematode Infection
		T Cells Are Required for Host Protection against Brugia malayi but Need Not Produce or Respond to Interleukin-4
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/abstract/167/9/5348 (756 words)

	Resources -
		The CHORI-106 (BAC) library has been constructed by Chung-Li Shu and Kazutoyo Osoegawa in Pieter de Jong's laboratory, BACPAC Resources, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute.
		Agarose-embedded genomic DNA was prepared from Brugia malayi (TRS strain) by Dr. Jeremy Foster (New England Boilabs).
		Library construction was supported by a sub-contract from a grant (NIH/NIAID U01-AI50903-02) awarded to Dr. Elodie Ghedin at The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR).
	bacpac.chori.org /brugia106.htm (344 words)

	Nematode Net
		Filarial worms infect over 100 million people in tropic regions (Wucheria bancrofti is more common than Brugia malayi).
		Worms, which are spread by mosquitos, reside in the human lymphatic system where they can block lymphatic drainage.
		The complete genomic sequence for B. malayi is in progress at The Institute of Genomic Research (TIGR), funding by NIH-NIAID.
	www.nematode.net /Species.Summaries/Brugia.malayi/index.php (141 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #5650665 - Brugia malayi: vaccination of jirds with /sup 60/cobalt-attenuated infective stage larvae protects against homologous challenge
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Brugia malayi: vaccination of jirds with /sup 60/cobalt-attenuated infective stage larvae protects against homologous challenge
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=5650665 (116 words)

	Brugia spp. - Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
		SYNONYM OR CROSS REFERENCE: Brugia malayi, B. timori, filariasis, Brugian filariasis, Malayan filariasis, Timorean filariasis
		EPIDEMIOLOGY: B. malayi endemic in Southeast Asia, rural southwest India, Sri Lanka, China and South Korea: B.
		MODE OF TRANSMISSION: By the bite of an infected mosquito; B.
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /msds-ftss/msds24e.html (414 words)

	Filariasis
		Filariasis is an infectious tropical disease caused by any one of several thread-like parasitic round worms.
		The two species of worms most often associated with this disease are Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi.
		The larval form of the parasite transmits the disease to humans by the bite of a mosquito.
	my.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/nord116.asp (475 words)

	Filariases: Strategic Research - Vaccine candidates
		Present on the surface of Brugia malayi microfilariae (larval worms), this enzyme is crucial for the parasite’s development.
		Present in multiple worm stages of Brugia malayi, vaccination in animal models induces partial protection to both microfilariae and adult worms.
		For both antigens, the region of the molecule responsible for generating the protective immune response has been identified.
	www.who.int /tdr/research/progress/fil_str/vaccine.htm (129 words)

	Wolbachia Genome Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		and Integrated Genomics, Inc. (IG) have completed the DNA sequence and preliminary annotation of the genome of Wolbachia from Brugia malayi.
		The work has been published in PLOS Biology [Foster J, Ganatra M, Kamal I, Ware J, Makarova K, et al.
		(2005) The Wolbachia Genome of Brugia malayi: Endosymbiont Evolution within a Human Pathogenic Nematode.
	tools.neb.com /wolbachia (79 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		LOCUS NC_006833 1080084 bp DNA circular BCT 05-FEB-2005 DEFINITION Wolbachia endosymbiont strain TRS of Brugia malayi, complete genome.
		SOURCE Wolbachia endosymbiont strain TRS of Brugia malayi ORGANISM Wolbachia endosymbiont strain TRS of Brugia malayi Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Alphaproteobacteria; Rickettsiales; Rickettsiaceae; Wolbachieae; Wolbachia.
		REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 1080084) AUTHORS Foster,J., Ganatra,M., Kamal,I., Warel,J., Makarova,K., Ivanova,N., Bhattacharyya,A., Kapatra,V., Kumar,S., Posfail,J., Vinczel,T., Ingram,J., Moran,L., Lapidus,A., Omelchenko,M., Krypides,N., Ghedin,E., Wang,S., Goltsman,E., Joukov,V., Ostrovskaya,O., Tsukerman,K., Mazur,M., Comb,D., Koonin,E. and Slatko,B. TITLE The Wolbachia genome of Brugia malayi: endosymbiont evolution within a human pathogenic nematode JOURNAL PLoS Biol.
	tools.neb.com /wolbachia/data/NC_006833.gb (102 words)

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