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	Brumaire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was established in France by a decree of the National Convention on 5 October in the year II, completed with regard to nomenclature by Fabre d'Églantine, and promulgated in its new form on 4 Frimaire in the year II (24 November 1793).
		The month of Brumaire began on the day which corresponded, according to the year, to October 22 or to October 23 of the Gregorian calendar, and ended on November 20 or November 21.
		In political/historical usage, Brumaire often refers to the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire in the year VIII (9 November 1799), by which General Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the government of the Directory to replace it by the Consulate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brumaire (200 words)

	CSPT
		Brumaire, being one of the very few works that Marx could publish and edit twice during his lifetime, belongs to this ongoing, life long project of a double critique of politics and of political economy, although it comes in the guise of a piece of contemporary history and a polemic.
		Brumaire comprises a detailed critique of parliamentarism, an outline of a critique of bureaucracy, even a shorthand critique of a democratic constitution and its intrinsic contradictions, and a critique of universal suffrage and the emerging form of political parties and “party politics” as well.
		Brumaire, is complicated but illuminating: Bonapartist regimes are “normal” in “developmental states”, as long as capitalism is still being “made by the state” - with the one and large exception of the United States.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/polisci/cspt/conferences/2002/041302_full.shtml (5225 words)

	18 Brumaire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Napoléon Bonaparte in the "coup d'état" of 18 brumaire.
		On the morning of 18 Brumaire, members of the Council of Elders sympathetic to the coup warned their colleagues of a Jacobin conspiracy and persuaded them to remove to Saint-Cloud, west of Paris.
		In the words of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, "A shabby compound of brute force and imposture, the 18th Brumaire was nevertheless condoned, nay applauded, by the French nation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/18_Brumaire (1134 words)

	Brumaire on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The coup of 18 (actually 18-19) Brumaire (Nov. 9-10, 1799), engineered chiefly by Sieyès, overthrew the Directory and established the Consulate under Napoleon.
		Tragedy and repetition in Marx's 'The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte.'
		The Eighteenth Brumaire of Abraham Lincoln: revolutionary rhetoric and the emergence of the bourgeois state.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b/brumaire.asp (325 words)

	Eighteenth Brumaire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		THE CHAPTER I’ve written for Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire: Modern Interpretations (Mark Cowling and James Martin, eds, forthcoming) is an extension of an article I published in 1985 in the Journal of the History of Ideas on Marx and Engels and French social democracy.
		Of all Marx’s writings on the French revolution of mid-century, which mark different strategic options, the Eighteenth Brumaire is the least engaged, the most self-consciously literary, emotionally arid and, from a historical viewpoint, distorted.
		The Eighteenth Brumaire was written according to the specifications of Engels.
	www.whatnextjournal.co.uk /Pages/Back/Wnext21/Bernie.html (982 words)

	The WSCR Archive: Karl Marx: The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte: Introduction
		The WSCR Archive: Karl Marx: The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte: Introduction
		Marx wrote The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte between December 1851 and February 1852.
		The "Eighteenth Brumaire" refers to November 9, 1799 in the French Revolutionary Calendar -- the day Napoleon Bonaparte made himself dictator by a coup d'etat.
	www.raggedclaws.com /criticalrealism/archive/brumaire_intro.html (204 words)

	BRUMAIRE - LoveToKnow Article on BRUMAIRE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The month of Brumaire began on the day which corresponded, according to the year, to the 22nd or to the 23rd of October of the old calendar, and ended on the 20th or 2 Ist of November, Itwas divided into decades like the other months of the republican calendar.
		Its name alludes to the fogs and mists frequent at that time of the year.
		The most important event in French history which took place during that month was the coup detat of the 18th Brumaire in the year Viii.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BR/BRUMAIRE.htm (197 words)

	H-France Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Early on the morning of 18 Brumaire VIII (9 November 1799 according to the old calendar) the deputies were duly encouraged to decamp to Saint-Cloud, to the west of Paris.
		When Bonaparte was assaulted in the Council of Five Hundred he almost fainted (contrary to Bouchot's famous depiction of the scene, which shows the general maintaining his sang froid) and it was brother Lucien, a deputy in the Council, who saved the day by calling upon the troops to defend their leader.
		He was gradually able to fulfill the promise he made on the morrow of Brumaire that 'the Revolution is over', yet only at the expense of abandoning much of the political acculturation of the 1790s.
	www3.uakron.edu /hfrance/reviews/napoleoncrook1.html (1545 words)

	Brumaire - Wikipédia
		Le mois de brumaire était le deuxième mois du calendrier républicain français.
		Il tirait son étymologie « des brouillards and des brumes basses qui sont (...) la transudation de la nature d'octobre en novembre », selon les termes du rapport présenté à la Convention nationale le 3 brumaire an II (24 octobre 1793) par Fabre d'Églantine, au nom de la « commission chargée de la confection du calendrier ».
		Ce mois a donné son nom au coup d'État, intervenu le 18 brumaire an VIII (le 9 novembre 1799), qui porta le général Napoléon Bonaparte au pouvoir en France.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brumaire (212 words)

	Philosophic Dialogue: Marx's EIGHTEENTH BRUMAIRE today
		Karl Marx published THE EIGHTEENTH BRUMAIRE OF LOUIS BONAPARTE in 1852 in the aftermath of the Dec. 2, 1851 Bonapartist coup in France that brought to an end the whole period of ferment that had begun with the 1848 revolutions.
		The EIGHTEENTH BRUMAIRE was one place where Marx developed his theory of the state, something he had planned to complete in a major work that was to follow CAPITAL.
		In the EIGHTEENTH BRUMAIRE, Marx showed how the road to the Bonapartist coup of December 1851 had been paved by the deep contradictions that had emerged in 1848, on the one hand, between the bourgeois democrats and the proletariat, and on the other, among the bourgeois democrats themselves.
	www.newsandletters.org /Issues/2002/December/PhilD_Dec02.htm (986 words)

	The WSCR Archive: Karl Marx: The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte: I
		The WSCR Archive: Karl Marx: The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte: I
		And the same caricature occurs in the circumstances of the second edition of the Eighteenth Brumaire.
		According to a legend, Rome was saved in 390 B.C.E. from an invasion of the Gauls, due to the cackling of geese from Juno's temple which awakened the sleeping guards of the Capitol.
	www.raggedclaws.com /criticalrealism/archive/brumaire_i.html (2627 words)

	H-France Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Brumaire, we must always remember, was launched by several dozen disaffected moderate politicians from within the Directory regime.
		Their repeated bludgeoning of the left likewise violated the constitution but never subdued that energetic minority, although ironically it led the Neo-Jacobins by 1799 to become the primary supporters of the (anti-Jacobin) constitution of 1795, which at least gave them some breathing room.
		If one observed the Council of State (the hub of the new government) a year after Brumaire, it would seem as if Fructidor had never occurred; the same was true, if less dramatically, in the Senate and elsewhere.
	www.uakron.edu /hfrance/reviews/napoleonwoloch1.html (1046 words)

	18 Brumaire
		The Directory, which had maintained control of the country under the Year III Constitution, was riddled by weakness, inequality and corruption and could not stand up to the man now hailed as a Messiah of France, General Napoleon Bonaparte.
		Unlike many of the other events of the French Revolution, 18 Brumaire was the result of scrupulous (or unscrupulous as the situation may be) planning.
		The morning of 18 Brumaire, the Ancients deputies (well, some of them were conveniently "overlooked") received special notice at their houses detailing them of a Jacobin plot on the Convention (which was, of course, farcical) and that they would need to meet for a special briefing session at 8 am.
	www.angelfire.com /ca6/frenchrevolution89/brumaire.html (1088 words)

	Artikel: Staatsstreich und Republik: Der 200. Jahrestag des 'Brumaire' des Napoleon Bonaparte und seine Wuerdigung
		Brumaire seien rund 5.000 Militaers einer 'Saeuberung' zum Opfer gefallen und bei halbem Gehalt in den Wartestand versetzt worden.
		Brumaire: Lucien Bonaparte habe durch einen kuehlen Kopf, den er angesichts der Aechtungsrufe einiger Abgeordneter bezueglich seines Bruders bewahrt habe, den Erfolg erst ermoeglicht und als Vorsitzender des 'Rats der 500' dem militaerischen Eingreifen der Truppen unter Murat die Legalitaet gegeben.
		Brumaire herrscht in der Forschung bis heute Unklarheit.
	hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de /beitrag/essays/olhe0900.htm (2095 words)

	Brown Response
		Although contemporary propaganda ensured that the seizure of power became known as the coup d'etat of 18 Brumaire VIII, Malcolm Crook emphasizes the recourse to military force to overcome politicians' protests on 19 Brumaire.
		I go even further, suggesting that Brumaire was merely another step, and not the most decisive one at that, on the road to liberal authoritarianism and a security state.
		In my first essay I suggested that Brumaire was not the decisive turning point for democracy in France; here I suggest that treating it as a major break with the revolution has diminished the importance of continuous warfare in determining the shape of the post-revolutionary settlement.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~mstaum/hist329/brownr.html (1099 words)

	Science and Society: OVERVIEW PAGE
		The year now departing was the 150th anniversary of publication of Marx's celebrated 1852 study, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte.
		To be able to pick a textual reading to one's liking, without a perceived need to confirm the logical consistency, empirical relevance or practical usefulness of the position thus adopted.
		This is a clear statement of the logic behind the retreat from the Republic: the as-yet undeveloped material and ideological hegemony of the capitalist class.
	www.scienceandsociety.com /editorial_win02.html (1407 words)

	Woloch Response
		Bonaparte's disruptive foray (which initially gave Sieyés apoplexy: "this maneuver is going to ruin us!") created pandemonium, followed by the introduction of troops to clear the hall, which put an end to resistance.
		Therefore the statement that "the coup of Brumaire nearly miscarried on its second day" is not exactly accurate; either with or without Bonaparte's precipitous act, we simply do not know that the foes of the coup could have caused it to miscarry.
		Brumaire and its aftermath was anything but minor.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~mstaum/hist329/wolochr.html (859 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Later editions (such as a 1869, Hamburg) were titled The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte.
		NOTE: Parts I and VII are translated by the Saul K. Padover from the German edition of 1869; Parts II to VI are based on the third edition, prepared by Engels (1885), as translated and published by Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1937.
		Down to the middle of February, I accordingly wrote him weekly articles under the title The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte.
	eserver.org:16080 /Marx/1852-eighteenth.brumaire/0-preface.txt (679 words)

	BRUMAIRE - Online Information article about BRUMAIRE
		BRUMAIRE, the name of the second See also:
		The month of Brumaire began on the See also:
		place during that month was the coup d'etat of the 18th Brumaire in the year VIII.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BRI_BUN/BRUMAIRE.html (322 words)

	The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte - Chapter I
		The identical caricature marks also the conditions under which the second edition of the eighteenth Brumaire is issued.
		Man makes his own history, but he does not make it out of the whole cloth; he does not make it out of conditions chosen by himself, but out of such as he finds close at hand.
		Use and reproduction of this material is governed by Globusz Publishing's standard terms and conditions.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Brumaire/00000012.htm (2116 words)

	Brumaire - Wikipedia
		Der Brumaire (deutsch auch Nebelmonat) ist der zweite Monat des Republikanischen Kalenders der Französischen Revolution.
		Der Brumaire ist der zweite Monat des Herbstquartals (mois d'automne).
		Der Begriff Brumaire wird oft als Bezeichnung für dieses Ereignis gebraucht, aber auch als Gattungsname für das Scheitern einer Revolution durch einen Putsch aus den eigenen Reihen ("ein neuer/zweiter Brumaire").
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brumaire (127 words)

	24 THE EIGHTEENTH BRUMAIRE
		We will, therefore, dispense with relating them, and turn at once to the result, impatient as we are to get back to the real subject of our drama, from which the grand historical figure we have introduced diverted us for an instant.
		Brumaire, at one o’clock in the morning, Bonaparte was appointed First Consul for ten years.
		Brumaire he slept at the Luxembourg in president Gohier’s bed, the latter having been liberated with his colleague Moulins.
	www.rakeshv.org /books/html/8tcoj10/8tcoj10ch26.html (2249 words)

	18 Brumaire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This occurred on November 9, 1799, which was 18 Brumaire in the year VIII under the French Revolutionary Calendar.
		2 The events of 18 Brumaire in the year VIII
		The lack of reaction from the streets proved that the revolution was, indeed, over.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/1/18/18_brumaire.html (1112 words)

	Napoleon
		Godechot, J., "The coup d'état of Brumaire (November 1799)", in The Cambridge Modern History, vol.
		Morton, J. Brumaire, the Rise of Bonaparte: A Study of French History from the Death of Robespierre to the Establishment of the Consulate, London, T.W. Laurie, 1948 (Reprinted New York Plainview, 1976), pp.
		Treacy, M. The Eighteenth and Nineteenth of Brumaire (November 8 and 9), 1799: A Brief Account of the Coup d'Etat Where by Napoleon Boneparte [sic] Made Himself First Consul of France, Series-WRI HUM, v.
	www.napoleon.org /en/reading_room/bibliographies/files/On_the_coup-d-etat_of_18_Brumaire.asp (324 words)

	uboat.net - Allied Ships hit by U-boats - Brumaire (Steam tanker)
		At 01.28 hours on 19 Jun, 1940, U-25 attacked a small convoy and hit the Brumaire with one torpedo, before the U-boat collided with another steamer in the convoy.
		The tower and periscope were damaged and the U-boat had to abort her patrol.
		The damaged Brumaire was sunk the next day by a German aircraft in 47°14N/03°16W.
	uboat.net /allies/merchants/3557.html (165 words)

	History Today : Napoleon's rise to power. (Brumaire coup of 9-10 November 1799)(Napoleon & Europe)(Cover Story) @ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was his reputation as a victorious commander that had brought him popularity, but it took far more than this to bring him to power.
		At the same time, the government which he and his partners overthrew in the coup of 18-19 Brumaire, Year VIII (November 9th-10th,
		(Brumaire coup of 9-10 November 1799)(Napoleon and Europe)(Cover Story)' with a FREE Trial for instant access »
	static.highbeam.com /h/historytoday/january011998/napoleonsrisetopowerbrumairecoupof910november1799n (247 words)

	Assignment on This is a complex essay written about Karl Marx's 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. It describes why the ...
		Assignment on This is a complex essay written about Karl Marx's 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte.
		This is a complex essay written about Karl Marx's 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte.
		In addition, the conservatives were more organized than the peasantry and as a result, well positioned to regain political control.
	www.paperadepts.com /paper/This_is_a_complex_essay_writte-150085.html (298 words)

	The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		"The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte" is one of Karl Marx' most profound and most brilliant monographs.
		It may be considered the best work extant on the philosophy of history, with an eye especially upon the history of the Movement of the Proletariat, together with the bourgeois and other manifestations that accompany the same, and the tactics that such conditions dictate.
		On the 18th Brumaire (Nov. 9th), the post-revolutionary development of affairs in France enabled the first Napoleon to take a step that led with inevitable certainty to the imperial throne.
	www.blackmask.com /books50c/mar18.htm (13871 words)

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