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	Filippo Brunelleschi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brunelleschi was trained as a sculptor in a Florentine workshop and was a member of the goldsmiths' guild.
		Brunelleschi's most famous masterpiece is the high, octagonal-ribbed dome of the Duomo (cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore), the first notable dome erected in Italy since Antiquity.
		Brunelleschi's ribbed hemispherical dome is expressed on the exterior as a low tiled flattened conical roof on a low plain drum with small oculus windows.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brunelleschi (576 words)

	Thomas Turnbull - Brunelleschi
		Brunelleschi, shown in figure one, was born in 1377 in Florence and died in 1446.
		Brunelleschi’s solution of the problem of the dome overcame a technological barrier that was centuries old and in doing so he invented new techniques, new machinery and a new visual form, all of which changed fifteenth century architecture.
		Brunelleschi’s dome was more than just a building though, it was a symbol of the power and wealth of Florence and of the Florentines’ ability to equal, or even excel, their Roman predecessors.
	www.geocities.com /tom_o_t/uni/brunelleschi.html (2095 words)

	Brunelleschi 's Florence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Brunelleschi's idea was to reverse the orientation of the church so that the facade would face out on a large piazza overlooking the Arno, a confirmation of his constant attempt to see the architecture-city relationship as fundamental.
		Brunelleschi's Architectural revolution led to "a certain conservative resistence" and his rival Ghiberti is often cited as an example although he converted in the doors of Paradise with his perspectives of classicizing buildings marked by a new humanistic spatiality.
		Echoes of Brunelleschi's arches on columns are evident in the courtyard of Palazzo Tornabuoni.
	www.firenze.turismo.toscana.it /apteng/itinerari/bruneltext.html (9355 words)

	Santa Maria del Fiore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brunelleschi won the competition with his distinctive octagonal design, which allowed for the entire dome to be built without the need for scaffolding.
		It was the first 'octagonal' dome in history (The Roman Pantheon, a circular dome, was built in 118-128 C.E. without support structures) to be built without a wooden supporting frame, and was the largest dome built at the time (it is still the largest masonry dome in the world).
		Brunelleschi's ability to crown the dome with a lantern was questioned and he had to undergo another competition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Fiore (775 words)

	F.Brunelleschi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Filippo Brunelleschi, Italian architect and sculptor, was born and died in Florence in 1377-1446.
		Brunelleschi's interest to mathematics (he had a friend- mathematician Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli) and studies of ancient art caused the beginning of his architectural activity.
		Brunelleschi was an initiator of a new tecnique which permitted to cover the inner and outer sides of the dome without reinforcement.
	www.italycyberguide.com /Art/artistsarchite/brunelleschi.htm (367 words)

	Filippo Brunelleschi - Great Buildings Online
		Filippo Brunelleschi was born in Florence in 1377.
		Brunelleschi began his architectural career in 1404 when he acted as an advisor for the Santa Maria Novella, but his involvement with the cupola for the Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence marked his first foray as a practicing architect.
		Brunelleschi was the first architect to employ mathematical perspective to redefine Gothic and Romanesque space and to establish new rules of proportioning and symmetry.
	www.greatbuildings.com /architects/Filippo_Brunelleschi.html (276 words)

	Florence Art Guide - The Cupola
		The challenge was resolved by Brunelleschi, expert in the rules of perspective and mathematics, as well as being a real enthusiast for the construction techniques used by the ancient Romans.
		The competition was held in 1418 and Brunelleschi won it outright, but the directors of the Opera del Duomo stipulated that Lorenzo Ghiberti (who had already managed to snatch the commission from him for the north door of the Baptistery) should collaborate as overseer for the work.
		Brunelleschi's model was later to be copied by Michelangelo for the cupola of St. Peter's in Rome.
	www.mega.it /eng/egui/monu/bdd.htm (844 words)

	Biography
		In 1418 Brunelleschi received the commission to execute the dome of the unfinished Gothic Cathedral of Florence.
		Brunelleschi made a design feature of the necessary eight ribs of the vault, carrying them over to the exterior of the dome, where they provide the framework for the dome's decorative elements, which also include architectural reliefs, circular windows, and a beautifully proportioned cupola.
		Although he was not a painter, Brunelleschi was a pioneer in perspective; in his treatise on painting Alberti describes how Brunelleschi devised a method for representing objects in depth on a flat surface by means of using a single vanishing point.
	www.wga.hu /bio/b/brunelle/biograph.html (457 words)

	Brunelleschi, Filippo. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Church of San Lorenzo, Florence, reveals his systematic use of perspective in the careful proportioning of the interior structure and in the articulation of spatial volumes.
		In the Ospedale degli Innocenti (foundling hospital; 1419–45), Brunelleschi introduced a motif that was widely imitated during the Renaissance—a series of arches supported on columns.
		Brunelleschi’s other works include the churches of Santa Maria degli Angeli and Santo Spirito and the Pazzi Chapel, all in Florence.
	www.bartleby.com /65/br/Brunelle.html (283 words)

	Filippo Brunelleschi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Brunelleschi, Filippo (1377-1446), Florentine architect, one of the key figures in the development of the Italian Renaissance.
		Brunelleschi was born in Florence in 1377 and received his early training as a silversmith and goldsmith.
		Brunelleschi's influence on his contemporaries and immediate successors was very strong and has been felt even in the 20th century, when he is revered by modern architects as the first great exponent of rational architecture.
	atschool.eduweb.co.uk /itit/brun.html (494 words)

	DOME STRUCTURES: SANTA MARIA DEL FIORE (FLORENCE)
		Brunelleschi won the contest in 1420 with a proposal to erect the dome without wooden centering.
		This was the method used by Brunelleschi, and illustrated in the model of the masonry layers.
		Brunelleschi took the circle in which the dome's inner octagon is inscribed, and divided it into five equal parts.
	www.arch.mcgill.ca /prof/sijpkes/arch374/winter2001/sfarfa/ensayo1.htm (908 words)

	Brunelleschi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Brunelleschi trained as a goldsmith and sculptor in a workshop in Florence, beginning his apprenticeship in 1392.
		Brunelleschi was one of seven artists who entered the competition but despite the high quality of his work he did not win.
		Brunelleschi used mathematical modules and geometric formulas for the plan and elevation of the Pazzi Chapel, as he had in San Lorenzo, but he arranged the space in a more complex and sophisticated manner in the later building.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Brunelleschi.html (1598 words)

	Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance . Renaissance . Brunelleschi \| PBS
		Born in Florence in 1377, Brunelleschi, like his peers Ghiberti and Donatello, was apprenticed to a goldsmith, Benincasa Lotti.
		Brunelleschi spent the next 10-years living rough in Rome with his good friend, the sculptor Donatello, studying the ruins of the great city.
		Brunelleschi knew that there was not enough timber in Tuscany to build a scaffold inside the Cathedral, and the recipe for concrete had been lost since the fall of Rome.
	www.pbs.org /empires/medici/renaissance/brunelleschi.html (733 words)

	Brunelleschi's Dome [ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Born probably in 1377, Filippo Brunelleschi grew to maturity in a Florence that had nearly forgotten the crippling disasters of the Black Death, and was beginning to regain the glorious civic and cultural momentum it had achieved early in the century.
		Brunelleschi's membership in the silk guild led to his commission for the Ospedale degli Innocenti, an orphanage run by the guild as a charitable enterprise.
		When Brunelleschi died in 1446 the dome still lacked its lantern, his great churches were incomplete, and the Ospedale had been radically altered from his original plans.
	www.cdi.gsd.harvard.edu /imi/builders.htm (455 words)

	Brunelleschi
		Brunelleschi was the father of Renaissance architecture and the most prominent architect in Italy, during his lifetime.
		Filippo Brunelleschi, the son of a lawyer, was born in Florence, Italy in 1377.
		Brunelleschi made a huge impact on architecture in the Italian Renaissance; his work was a model for much that followed.
	www.yesnet.yk.ca /schools/projects/renaissance/brunelleschi.html (453 words)

	The OU Guide to the Renaissance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Brunelleschi's identity was deliberately celebrated as an aspect of civic pride because of his feat in designing the dome of Florence cathedral.
		The earliest biography of Brunelleschi was probably written by the silk merchant, Antonio di Tuccio Manetti, in the 1480s.
		Unlike many of his humbly-born artistic contemporaries, Brunelleschi's social connections counted in his favour, for he was the son of a notary, well-educated and according to Manetti knew some Latin.
	www.open.ac.uk /Arts/renaissance/brunelleschi.htm (145 words)

	FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Brunelleschi's most famous masterpiece is the high, octagonal-ribbed dome of the Duomo (cathedral of Santa_Maria_del_Fiore), as it was the first notable dome erected in Italy since Antiquity.
		He was backed by a little known family, the Medici family, which would benefit hugely from the completion of the dome.
		While construction was proceeding, Brunelleschi designed and built the Pazzi_Chapel in the cloister of the church of Santa Croce, which was actually begun in 1442 after long negotiations.
	www.cine2dvd.com /Filippo_Brunelleschi (514 words)

	Renaissance Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Brunelleschi Filippo 1377 1466 Cloister Florence: Sto SPirito
		Brunelleschi Filippo 1377 1466 Dome Lantern Scaffolding Florence: Cathedral
		Brunelleschi Filippo 1377 1466 Dome Scaffolding Florence: Cathedral
	rubens.anu.edu.au /htdocs/surveys/italren/pics.arch/Part3.html (191 words)

	Page 1: Brunelleschi's Perspective
		Brunelleschi began his career as an architect, which seems to have led him to his perspective studies.
		The technical difficulties involved in erecting the new dome underscored an important aspect of his talents: he was a daring innovator, with a solid knowledge of mathematics and mechanics.
		By moving the second mirror in and out of the way, Brunelleschi could check whether his painting was indeed an exact copy of the three-dimensional, octagonal building on the two-dimensional surface of his original mirror.
	www.kap.pdx.edu /trow/winter01/perspective (682 words)

	Florence Art Guide - Filippo Brunelleschi
		Brunelleschi probably spent the next three years in Rome studying sculpture and architecture with his friend Donatello.
		The main structure was finished by 1434 and then completed by the lantern in 1436 and the four tribunes in the apse in 1438.
		During this period Brunelleschi also worked on the Spedale degli Innocenti (1421-24), the Old Sacristy at San Lorenzo (1428), the reconstruction of San Lorenzo (1423 ca.), the Pazzi Chapel in the Cloisters of Santa Croce (1430), and on the design for Santo Spirito (1436), completely renewing the appearance of the medieval city.
	www.mega.it /eng/egui/pers/fibru.htm (402 words)

	Architecture and Public Space
		Brunelleschi's dome, however, could be seen from all over Florence—in fact, it still dominates the skyline today.
		By being as much an exterior architecture as an interior one, the dome is about the public space in Florence and serves as a visual gravitational center to the civic life of the city.
		While Brunelleschi is credited with inventing the architectural language of the Renaissance, Alberti is generally considered to have perfected it in terms of symmetry and disposition.
	www.wsu.edu /%7Edee/REN/ARCHI.HTM (1585 words)

	Brunelleschi's Il Badalone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1421, Filippo Brunelleschi, the architect made famous for his dome on the Cathedral of Santa Maria dei Fiori in Florence, received the world's first patent for invention.
		In May 1428, Brunelleschi's new boat, dubbed Il Badalone, meaning "the Monster" by his contemporaries (or the acque vola, "water bird," by his adversary), was launched from Pisa with its load of 100,000 pounds of Carraran marble destined for the ribs of Florence's cathedral dome.
		Brunelleschi had been commissioned by the Opera del Duomo to carry this load, claiming he could reduce shipping costs by half.
	www.stanford.edu /~broich/tamingnature/brunelleschi.htm (662 words)

	Filippo Brunelleschi -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		His major work is the dome of the Florence Cathedral (1420–36), constructed with the aid of machines that Brunelleschi invented expressly for the project.
		Most of what is known about Brunelleschi's life and career is based on a biography written in the 1480s by an admiring...
		Alberti's young friend Filippo Brunelleschi had made the first attempt in his design for the church of San Lorenzo in Florence, begun in 1421.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9016777 (669 words)

	Brunelleschi, Filippo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Brunelleschi was also an engineer and military architect, inventor of machienes and devices, and a civil architect.
		Brunelleschi began the grand period of humanism in architecture, the typical expression of the modern bourgeoise, that was said to be a test within itself of the literary works of Boccaccio and Petrarca, or the political work of Coluccio Salutati.
		Contemporary themes explored by Brunelleschi with scientific experimentation are (not in the case of the technological research) elaboration of a new metric-proportional system and recalling the classic works.
	www.cortearcangeli.it /inglese/brunelleschi.htm (326 words)

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