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Topic: Brunt Ice Shelf

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	Brunt Ice Shelf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Brunt Ice Shelf (75°40′S 025°00′W) borders the Antarctic coast of Coats Land between Dawson-Lambton Glacier and Stancomb-Wills Glacier Tongue.
		Named by UK-APC after David Brunt, English meteorologist, Physical Secretary of the Royal Society, 1948-57, who was responsible for the initiation of the Royal Society Expedition to this ice shelf in 1955.
		The Brunt Basin (75°0′S 25°0′W) is a glacially eroded basin of the Brunt Ice Shelf and partially of the Stancomb-Willis Glacier.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brunt_Ice_Shelf (219 words)

	Ice shelf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An ice shelf is a thick, floating platform of ice that forms where a glacier or ice sheet flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface.
		The boundary between floating ice shelf and the grounded (resting on bedrock) ice that feeds it is called the grounding line.
		The primary mechanism of mass loss from ice shelves is iceberg calving, in which a chunk of ice breaks off from the seaward front of the shelf.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ice_shelf (450 words)

	Ice Shelves in the News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Ice Shelf Feels the Heat: "Warming waters may doom the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen Ice Shelf, and other Antarctic ice shelves could be more endangered than had been thought, according to a paper published in the 31 October issue of Science." NSIDC researcher Ted Scambos is quoted in the paper.
		Antarctic Ice Shelf Collapse Triggered by Warmer Summers: Recent work by scientists at NSIDC, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, and the University of Maryland, indicate that the shelves are particularly sensitive to climate change.
		Breakup of the Larsen B Ice Shelf: 15 February 1998 - 18 MARCH 1999: Two ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula known as the Larsen B and Wilkins are in "full retreat" and have lost nearly 3,000 square kilometers of their total area in the last year.
	nsidc.org /news/iceshelves (1212 words)

	Bennett Associates - British Antarctic Survey Buildings Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The ice shelf is approximately 150 metres thick and the ice is firmly attached to the inland ice which rises to the polar plateau.
		The Brunt ice flows in a north westerly direction at the rate of 850 metres per annum.
		To counter the problems of snow accumulation and the lateral movement of the ice, the BAS decided to mount the building on skids so it could be towed by a pair of bulldozers to a new location on top of the ice surface when necessary.
	www.bennettmg.co.uk /Application_Sheets/feature_BAS.html (674 words)

	077 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Ice shelves are essential elements of the Antarctic ice sheet and largely control its dynamics and mass balance.
		Melting and freezing in the ice shelf cavities moreover contribute to water mass modifications/formations of possibly large-scale significance.
		While previous research has been concentrated on the larger Antarctic ice shelves, we are focussing on the ice shelves fringing the eastern Weddell Sea coast, i.e., the Brunt Ice Shelf and the Riiser Larsenisen.
	www.olympus.net /IAPSO/abstracts05/orals/077.html (334 words)

	Halley Bay - Bob Thomas
		In this scenario, the ice shelves are the dams that keep much of the ice sheet from returning to mother ocean; weakening of the ice shelves opens a door to catastrophic ice-sheet drainage into the oceans and resulting sea-level rise.
		But recent thinning of glaciers feeding the dwindling ice shelves of Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers may indicate that maybe the theorists got it wrong, just as they did when they proved that continents couldn't drift.
		Then, after a decade of desk work, the need to get back to the ice took me to Greenland during the 1990s on a NASA project that I managed to initiate, that included a traverse of the entire ice sheet along the 2000-m contour.
	www.smitha.demon.co.uk /zfids/1966/thomas.htm (287 words)

	SCAR » Report 13
		The overall theme of the meeting was, primarily, the coordination of ice radar sounding surveys of the grounding zone of the entire Antarctic Ice Sheet, and secondarily, the coordination of surface mass balance measurements and surface ice velocities.
		Ice-thickness measurements were also made by Swedish glaciologists along Bailey Ice Stream during the Nor-wegian expedition of Dr M Kristensen in 1992, in the vicinity of the grounding zone of the Filcher Ice Shelf.
		Establishing velocities of glaciers, ice streams, ice sheets, and ice shelves is essential to calculate the discharge of the mass balance equation.
	www.scar.org /publications/reports/13/taskgroup3.html (7466 words)

	DEEPSEAS Group
		Today was our last at the Fimbul ice shelf, we had to finish all the science tasks here before moving south towards the Brunt ice shelf in the south eastern Weddell Sea.
		When the glacier (or ice sheet) reaches the sea icebergs break off and as these melt the rocks and gravel are released forming patches on the seabed.
		The seabed in the region is heavily impacted by ice, as well as the ice rafted stones the icebergs have important effects on the seafloor, with the big icebergs scraping the seabed as they move away from the ice shelf.
	www.soc.soton.ac.uk /GDD/DEEPSEAS/aui/21feb.php (254 words)

	Julius' Travels in the South: Winter Trip - Sledge Alpha
		As I mentioned before Halley is not on the Antarctic mainland but is actually on the Brunt Ice shelf, a floating chunk of ice that is stuck to the Caird coast.
		The Hinge zone is the area where the ice shelf joins the continent proper and as the ice flows off the mainland its churned up forming crevassed areas.
		When the last major calving event happened it moved nearly the whole ice shelf and opened up a few massive cracks in the hinge zone, in these cracks there was the sea and this then froze over and left the chasms that we go playing about in.
	bigjuli.blogspot.com /2006/04/winter-trip-sledge-alpha.html (1931 words)

	Brunt Iceshelf
		Halley Research station is built on the Brunt Ice Shelf which is about 100m thick, 100km across and floating out to sea at 1km per year.
		The pictures were detailed and showed clouds, fog banks, sea ice and the position of large ice bergs.
		The sea (which was relatively warm) was fl, the ice was white.
	www.alexantarctica.net /voyage/brunt.htm (313 words)

	IC Programme 1995
		Ice temperatures at 10 m depth and shallow ice cores will be collected on a traverse from the Behrendt Mountains through to the upper regions of the Evans Ice Stream and Rutford Ice Stream.
		Ice strain rosettes, set up in 1993-94 up to 120 km from Halley Research Station, will be resurveyed in a study of the deformation of the Brunt Ice Shelf.
		Ice thickness, gravity data and sea floor depth data will be collected on Ronne Ice Shelf in a region where none exists along a traverse from 81° 55'S, 50° 20'W, south of Berkner Island, south of Henry and Korff ice rises, and north towards the flowline of Evans Ice Stream.
	www.nerc-bas.ac.uk /public/icd/icd95.html (1157 words)

	28/6/2004 -- Antarctic ice station likely to float away
		The existing base is built on an ice shelf which is likely to break off into the sea if global warming continues at its current rate.
		The new station will replace BAS' existing Halley facility on the Brunt ice shelf which is expected to follow much of the ice-bound continent's sea ice and break away as the world's climate warms.
		The existing Halley station is the fifth to be built on the Brunt shelf since 1956 to study changing weather patterns.
	www.climateark.org /articles/reader.asp?linkid=33123 (517 words)

	Cases SH
		Near the continental slope at the western part of the Brunt Ice Shelf the dark (warm) signature of a narrow zone of katabatic outflow is present.
		The Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) and Ross Island (RI) are indicated.
		Berkner Island (BI), the Filchner/Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS) and the position of the MC (SSC) are marked.
	www.meteo.uni-bonn.de /mitarbeiter/GHeinemann/eplwg/gallery_sh.htm (2194 words)

	Guardian \| Cold comfort
		The Brunt Ice Shelf, Antarctica, is not a place most architects would choose to build.
		Members of each of the three teams will journey out to the Brunt Ice Shelf this month to consider how best their ideas might be realised.
		The key problem is the fact that the Brunt Ice Shelf is continuously on the move.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,5094929-110428,00.html (1388 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Antarctica's environment
		Antarctic ice sheet is melting at rate of 36 cubic miles a year, says study
		MELTING Antarctic ice is adding so much fresh water into the oceans every year that it could fill Loch Ness 18 times over, according to scientific research published yesterday.
		The break-up of the Larsen B ice shelf, in Antarctica, has attracted the usual moralising comments...
	news.scotsman.com /topics.cfm?tid=44&id=1654182005 (485 words)

	c23a in fm04
		The ice shelf is currently slowing at a rate of approximately 40m a-1, the effect of this on the stability of the shelf is as yet unknown.
		Data on stable isotope, particulate debris, and ions in the various forms of ice are shown for the various types of ground ice, which include interstitial ice in soils, buried glacial ice, and according recent findings, segregation ice at the lower elevations.
		For LLS on clear, bubble-free polar ice, we studied numerically the scattering of light by soluble and insoluble (dust) aerosol particles embedded in the ice to complement previous experimental studies (Ram et al., 2000).
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=fm04&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/fm04/fm04&maxhits=200&="C23A" (4709 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| New job, day one - designed Antarctic base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The problem was that the British Antarctic Survey base on the Brunt Ice Shelf, the scientists' most remote and southerly outpost, is in danger of crashing into the sea because of the constantly shifting ice it is built on.
		The problem is that the ice shelf, which is attached to the Antarctic mainland and is fed by glaciers, has a natural movement pushing ice into the sea.
		Unlike previous bases, which have been left in the snow and ice after they have been abandoned, Halley VI will be removed completely at the end of its life, leaving minimal impact on the environment.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml;jsessionid=PVRPNCXUYCMJXQFIQMGCFGGAVCBQUIV0?xml=/news/2006/05/15/npole15.xml (868 words)

	Bennett Associates - The Challenge of Building in the Antarctic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The station - founded in 1956 and named after the astronomer Edmund Halley - sits on the Brunt Ice Shelf, which is attached to the Antarctic land mass but floats on the sea, travelling about 400 metres westwards a year.
		The first two stations consisted of fairly traditional buildings with pitched roofs built directly on the ground, while for Halley 3 and 4 the buildings were housed in conduits - steel in the case of Halley 3 and plywood for Halley 4 - to provide greater strength and insulation.
		At the same time the support legs are re-aligned to correct for distortion caused by differential movement of the ice shelf beneath.
	www.bennettmg.co.uk /News/news_challenge_antarctic.html (1380 words)

	shelf ice - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		- mass of floating ice: a large plate of floating ice that has broken off from an ice shelf
		Antarctica, icebergs, natural features formed from ice shelves, pictures of ice shelves
		The remaining third of the continent, West Antarctica, consists of a much lower, undulating ice sheet covering a complex of mountainous islands.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /shelf+ice.html (103 words)

	75 Degrees South: I love my job (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Because the base is on an ice shelf, it moves towards the coast by almost a kilometre each year and is buried a couple of metres a year by drifting snow.
		Both sites have advantages and disadvantages: the Brunt Ice Shelf site is likely to be very similiar to our current location, while the Lydden Ice Rise doesn't move as much and should provide easier access for the ship to resupply it.
		So anyway, today I found out they want me to help install a couple of remote weather stations on the Lydden Ice Rise to record information about the windspeed, temperature, pressure etc. The plan is to visit on the boat on the way to the current Halley.
	simonc.f2o.org /south/archives/000056.php (516 words)

	Polar Ice Research
		Trapped bubbles in the ice hold an archive of atmospheric gases, and evidence for levels of global pollution by industry, agriculture and atomic bombs is frozen into the ice.
		Studies on the ice sheet and its contribution to world sea level rise are vital to our understanding of global change.
		The new complex, replacing the current Halley V Research Station, will be located 10,000 miles from the UK on the Brunt Ice Shelf, which is 150m thick and flows at a rate of 0.4 km per year northwest from Coats Land towards the sea where, at irregular intervals, it calves off as vast icebergs.
	www.sourceuk.net /article/6/6809/polar_ice_research.html (642 words)

	Falkland Islands Philatelic Bureau
		However, the pack ice was particularly extensive, and it took over six weeks to force a passage to the south, reaching the Coats Land on the 10th January 1915.
		She was reputedly one of the strongest ships ever built for the work in the ice and was powered by a single triple-expansion steam engine giving her 8-9 knots under full steam.
		As she was caught between heavy ice floes the sides of the ship were kept clear to allow Endurance to rise if the ice pressed heavily against her hull.
	www.falklands.gov.fk /pb/fi/shackleton.htm (1758 words)

	[No title]
		Single crystals of ice are birefringent at radar frequencies, so in an ice sheet the crystal orientation fabric determines the overall level of birefringence.
		Where there is a 'smooth' isotropic reflecting surface the effective birefringence of the ice sheet can be readily determined, while a highly anisotropic reflecting surface, such as regular grooves that might be formed by sub-ice shelf currents, can dominate the polarisation behaviour.
		Analysis of data from two sites on Ronne Ice Shelf, one near the grounding line of Rutford Ice Stream and the other close to the shear margin with Korff Ice Rise, shows the fluted type of reflecting surface seen on George VI Ice Shelf but not on Brunt Ice Shelf.
	earth.esa.int /cgi-bin/polinsar_query.pl?abstract=58 (376 words)

	Life in Antarctica: December 2005
		Relief is the process by which food, fuel & other supplies are brought to the station from the ship; across the sea ice,up a ramp onto the ice shelf & then accross the ice shelf to station.
		There is no permanent snow or ice on the island; the yearly temperature range is from -10°C to 10°C. The research station comprises three main buildings with living accommodation, office and laboratory space.
		There is permanent ice cover over a large part of the island, which rises to 288 m.
	www.antarcticlife.com /2005_12_01_peskypenguin_archive.html (1754 words)

	Sore Eyes » Halley VI
		Not to mention the fact that the ice shelfÂ itself is moving horizontally.
		What I didn’t grasp when I read the Glancey article was that because of this horizontal motion the earlier bases, having been abandoned and then buried by ice, are liable to emerge again as the ice they were built on reaches the edge of the shelf and breaks off to form icebergs.
		Simon at 75 Degrees South points out a photograph of the Halley III base emerging from the ice a dozen years after it was abandoned.
	soreeyes.org /archive/2005/07/11/halley-vi (228 words)

	Civil Engineering and Geosciences - research
		However, values of ice/ water friction coefficients needed to make this explanation plausible appear to be too high to be physically reasonable.
		Alternative explanations invoke interactions between the ice shelf and a grounded area at the ice front.
		Our findings suggest that significant errors might result if these motions are ignored when interpreting 'double difference' satellite SAR interferograms, where the common assumption is that the horizontal velocity of an ice shelf has no tidal dependence.
	www.ceg.ncl.ac.uk /research/pubdetail.aspx?id=179 (170 words)

	USNews.com: Culture: Antarctic architecture (7/21/05)
		Because the base is located quite close to the sea—for both scientific and logistic reasons—it's built on a floating ice shelf.
		The ice is continually flowing toward the sea [at about 440 yards per year].
		The current base, which was built in 1992, was one of the earliest bases in Antarctica to be raised up on stilts, so it will actually have lasted for 15 or 16 years by the time it is decommissioned.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/culture/articles/050721/21antarctica.htm?track=rss (568 words)

	ENN: Environmental News Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The station, to be known as Halley VI, will be situated inland from the current Halley V station, which is 10,000 miles (16,000 kilometers) from Britain on the Brunt Ice Shelf.
		Halley V needs to be replaced because, with the melting of the ice shelves, it is in danger of floating out to sea, the BAS said.
		When they need to be moved as the ice flows out to sea, they can be towed by a bulldozer.
	www.enn.com /today_PF.html?id=8276 (338 words)

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