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Topic: Brythonic languages

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List of Brythonic languages

Brythonic

Celtic languages

Goidelic

Breton language

Noric language

Insular Celtic languages

Cumbric language

Language isolate

Gaulish

Cornish language

Ivernic

Romance languages

Pictish language

Germanic languages

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	Brythonic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brythonic languages were then spoken at least in the whole of Great Britain south of the rivers Forth and Clyde, presumably also including the Isle of Man.
		The Brythonic languages spoken in Scotland, the Isle of Man and England began to be displaced in the 5th century through the influence of Irish, Norse and Germanic invaders.
		The displacement of the languages of Brythonic descent was probably complete in all of this territory (except Cornwall) by the 11th century (date of extinction in various parts of the territory is debated).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brythonic_languages (927 words)

	Celtic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic", a branch of the greater Indo-European language family.
		Today, Celtic languages are now limited to a few areas in the British Isles, eastern Canada, Patagonia, scattered groups in the United States and Australia, and on the peninsula of Brittany in France.
		Within the Indo-European family, the Celtic languages have sometimes been placed with the Italic languages in a common Italo-Celtic subfamily, a hypothesis that is now largely discarded, in favour of the assumption of language contact between pre-Celtic and pre-Italic communities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Celtic_languages (1060 words)

	Brythonic languages - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The Cornish language died out at the end of the eighteenth century, but was successfully revived in the twentieth.
		The modern Brythonic languages all derive from a common ancestral language termed British, Common Brythonic, Old Brythonic or Proto-Brythonic, which is thought to have developed from the Proto-Celtic language which was introduced to Britain from the middle second millennium BC (Hawkes, 1973).
		The Brythonic languages spoken in Scotland, the Isle of Man and England were displaced at the same time by Goidelic and Old English speaking invaders.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/b/r/y/Brythonic_languages.html (841 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Celtic languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, both those spoken by the ancient Celts, and those used by their modern descendants, the Irish, Manx, Scots, Welsh, Cornish and Bretons.
		The Celtic languages are classified as a branch of the greater Indo-European language family.
		These languages were once spoken in a wide arc from France to Turkey and from the Netherlands to northern Italy.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Celtic_languages (866 words)

	Brythonic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Brythonic is one of two major divisions of modern-day Celtic languages (the other being Goidelic).
		Once, Brythonic languages encompassed most of Great Britain (though not Ireland), but they were driven to the fringes of that island by the invasions of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes which brought English to Britain.
		Brythonic languages then disappeared from Scotland after Irish colonists brought a Goidelic language with them from their home island.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/b/br/brythonic.html (106 words)

	Celt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Galicia is also considered a Celtic nation as gaelic language still survives in people and places names, while Asturias sometimes is considered to be modern Celtic nations based on the survival of Celtic traditions similar to the traditions of other Celtic nations, however, the Celtic language has not survived in either.
		The Celtic language family is a branch of the larger Indo-European family, which leads some scholars to a hypothesis that the original speakers of the Celtic proto-language may have arisen in the Pontic-Caspian steppes (see Kurgan).
		As to the original culture and language, little is known but remnants may remain in the naming of some geographical features, such as the rivers Clyde, Tamar, Thames and Tyne, whose etymology is unclear but may certainly derive from a pre-Celtic substrate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Celt (6174 words)

	Labara: Introduction to the Celtic Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Celtic language is considered by scholars and the modern pan-Celtic movement to be the central, defining criterion of Celtic culture and identity, and few would deny that the chief inspirations of Celtic Paganism and Druidism are the flower of cultures that are indeed Celtic by that definition.
		A language both shapes and is shaped by the values and self-concepts of its community and culture.
		A Celtic language may be briefly defined as any of a group of languages which are organically and directly related to the language of these people.
	www.keltria.org /journal/labara1.htm (2874 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - A History of Modern and Extinct Celtic Languages...
		Celtic languages are descended from the Indo-European stock of languages, which developed into most of the languages that the "westernized world" speaks today.
		Cornish also derived from Brythonic Celtic and was spoken in a small region of southwestern Britain, but the language died sometime in the 19th century.
		Breton, although an Insular Celtic language, is actually spoken on continental Europe, France to be exact; that's because it's roots are from the Brythonic languages.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A378623 (563 words)

	GardeningDaily - Welsh language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg), not to be confused with Welsh English (the English language as spoken in Wales), is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic spoken natively in the western part of Britain known as Wales (Cymru), and in the Chubut Valley, a Welsh immigrant colony in the Patagonia region of Argentina.
		Although Welsh is a minority language, and thus threatened by the dominance of English, support for the language grew during the second half of the 20th century, along with the rise of nationalist political organisations such as the political party Plaid Cymru and Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (the Welsh Language Society).
		The examples show usage in the standard language; the soft mutation is slowly supplanting the nasal and aspirate mutations as the mechanism behind the mutations ceases to be understood.
	www.gardeningdaily.com /flowers-and-plants/Welsh_language (2568 words)

	LABARA - talking about Celtic language
		But when a community changes its language, the result is not a development within a culture, but a distinct cultural break - the old worldview and self-concept is lost, as well as the more obvious loss of contact with literary and oral tradition and heritage.
		Recognising the essential role of language to the life and spirit of cultures, they are talking about Celtic language speakers and their cultures.
		Manx, or Gailck, is the Celtic language of the Isle of Man. It is likely that here, as in Scotland, the native Irish colonists arrived around the fifth century CE and found a principally Brythonic-speaking population.
	www.summerlands.com /crossroads/celticlanguage/labara1.html (2642 words)

	Inchcolm - Languages
		Of course, the primary literary and ecclesiastical language of the monastery on Inchcolm was Latin.
		For much of that time, it is the Celtic languages of Brythonic (Old Welsh), Pictish, and Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) which dominate these two regions, but the Germanic languages of Anglian (Northern Anglo-Saxon) and Scots also successively figure in their history.
		Basically, this refers to the way in which the hard "k" sounds in Goidelic languages seem to have transformed in time into the soft "p" sounds of the Brythonic languages (it is generally assumed that the q-Celtic branch is older than the p-Celtic branch).
	www.cyberscotia.com /inchcolm/languages.html (693 words)

	Who Were the Celts
		The Celtic languages form two major groups, the Brythonic, or those found primarily in Britain: Cornish, Welsh, and Breton (the latter because of emigration across the English Channel); and Gaelic: those primarily found in Ireland, the Isle of Man, and Scotland.
		Brythonic, the P-Celtic common linguistic ancestor to Welsh, Breton and Cornish, was spoken all over present-day Wales, Cornwall, England and even in the south of Scotland from approximately 500 BCE, surviving through Roman occupation (from approximately 43CE to the early 5th century).
		The language from that period onward to 000 CE is known as Old Irish.
	www.paganuniverse.com /bos/articles/whowerecelts2.html (2827 words)

	The Ultimate Brythonic languages Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Cornish language died out at the end of the eighteenth century, but has been successfully revived in the twentieth.
		The modern Brythonic languages all derive from a common ancestral language termed Common Brythonic, Old Brythonic or Proto-Brythonic, which is thought to have developed from the proto-Celtic language which was introduced to Britain from the middle second millennium BC (Hawkes, 1973).
		It is probable that during this period common Brythonic was differentiated into at least two major dialect groups- Southwestern and Western (in addition we may posit additional dialects spoken in what is now England which have left little or no evidence).
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Brythonic (717 words)

	Brythonic languages - TheBestLinks.com - Angles, Breton language, Celtic languages, Cornish language, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Brythonic, Brythonic languages, Angles, Breton language, Celtic languages...
		Brythonic is one of two major divisions of Insular Celtic languages (the other being Goidelic).
		Once, Brythonic languages encompassed most of Great Britain and Ireland – though in Ireland it was replaced with Goidelic when Gaels invaded sometime between 500 and 100 BC, but they were driven to the fringes of Britain by the invasions of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes which brought English to Britain.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Brythonic.html (183 words)

	Fios Feasa: Indo-European, Celtic, and Irish
		The language is spoken today in the Outer Hebrides islands and in some places in the Highlands.
		It is the first official language of the Republic of Ireland and is a compulsory subject in primary school there, while in the Six Counties of Northern Ireland, Irish has recently been granted official status as part of the Good Friday Agreement.
		Welsh is probably the Celtic language in the strongest position today, with over half a million speakers and extensive institutional support in the spheres of religion, local government, education and broadcast media.
	www.fiosfeasa.com /bearla/language/indo.htm (827 words)

	The Celtic Languages
		The Celtic languages are a group of languages in the Indo-European family.
		The Goidelic languages are Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx.
		The Godelic languages are often referred to as "Q-Celtic" because they use a "Q" sound, usually represented by a C or K, where the Brythonic or "P-Celtic" languages use P. For instance, Irish and Scottish Gaelic for "head" is ceann, or sometimes kin.
	www.digitalmedievalist.com /faqs/langfaq.html (605 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - A History of Modern and Extinct Celtic Languages
		The Proto-Celtic language - the first Celtic language that arose from the Indo-European common ancestor - was spoken all over the western continent of Europe.
		Cornish also derived from Brythonic Celtic and was spoken in a small region of south-western Britain, and almost died sometime in the 19th Century.
		However, the language underwent a revival in the latter half of the 20th Century.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A447824 (569 words)

	AllRefer.com - Celtic languages : Brythonic (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		A.D. Surviving literary documents in Breton go back only as far as the 15th cent., but the earlier stages of the language are known through glosses and proper names (see Breton literature).
		Cornish, once the Celtic language of Cornwall, became extinct in the late 18th cent.
		Welsh (called Cymraeg or Cymric by its speakers) is the language today of over 600,000 people, chiefly in Wales (a western peninsula of Great Britain) but also in the United States and Canada, to which a number of Welsh people have migrated.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Celticla-brythonic.html (480 words)

	Yn y dechreuad yr oedd y Gair: P-Celtic Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The older tradition, Goidelic, is also called "Q-Celtic" because these languages include the Latin Q sound, often shortened to K. All modern Q-Celtic tongues are dialects of Gaelic.
		The Brythonic languages, of which Welsh and Breton are the only survivors, are called P-Celtic, because they change Q or K sounds to P (or B) in root words.
		From Latin, the word passed into the Germanic languages as "foreigner." Following the final conquest of Wales by England in 1283, Welsh entered seven centuries of prejudice and proscription, during which it nevertheless nurtured some of Britain’s most compelling artists.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/world_languages/59097 (471 words)

	The Celtic Languages in Contact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		that the vulgar Ingliſhe tounge be vniuerſallie plantit, and the Iriſh language, whilk is ane of the cheif and principall cauſes of the continewance of barbaritie and inciuilitie amongis the inhabitantis of the Iſles and Heylandis, may be aboliſheit and remouit.
		Although the language faded from use in the face of English, as it did everywhere, it was preserved in the schools and in the Catholic churches.
		It is indeed under these circumstances that speakers of minority languages around the world have sought to escape their minority status, and with it their linguistic heritage; this is especially true of immigrant minorities.
	www.geocities.com /naked_celt/langs.html (6190 words)

	Celts - Crystalinks
		The Celtic language family is a branch of the larger Indo-European family, which leads some scholars to a hypothesis that the original speakers of the Celtic proto-language may have arisen in the Pontic-Caspian steppes.
		By the Roman period most of the inhabitants of the isles of Ireland and Great Britain (the ancient Britons) were speaking Goidelic or Brythonic languages, close counterparts to Gaulish languages spoken on the European mainland.
		Later research indicated that the language and culture had developed gradually and continuously, and in Ireland no archaeological evidence was found for large intrusive groups of Celtic immigrants, suggesting to historians such as Colin Renfrew that the native Late Bronze Age inhabitants gradually absorbed influences to create "Celtic" culture.
	www.crystalinks.com /celts.html (1898 words)

	Celtic Origins: Early History of the Welsh Language
		Welsh is one of the few languages in the Celtic branch that is still spoken today, and it boasts a long and intriguing history.
		However, the history of the language is intimately connected with the history of the peoples who settled the British Isles long ago.
		One major division between the Celtic languages at this time was between Continental Celtic--spoken in mainland Europe--and Insular Celtic, spoken in Brittany and the British Isles.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/welsh_language/60838 (557 words)

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