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Topic: Buchenwald concentration camp

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Buchenwald

Elie Wiesel

	sociology - Concentration camp
		Camps for prisoners of war are usually considered separately from this category, although informally (and in some other languages) they may also be called concentration camps.
		Although large numbers of prisoners were concentrated there in horrific conditions from 1863 to 1865, and perhaps a quarter of them died, the prisoners were combatants and the camp is generally classified as a POW camp.
		The term concentration camp was coined at this time to signify the "concentration" of a large number of people in one place, and was used to describe both the camps in South Africa and those established by the Spanish to support a similar anti-insurgency campaign in Cuba at roughly the same time (see below).
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Concentration_camp (3509 words)

	Buchenwald concentration camp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Buchenwald concentration camp was a Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg (the Etter Mountain) near the Etterburg (the Etter Keep) located near Weimar, Thuringia, Germany, in July 1937.
		The camp was evacuated by the Nazis as Allied troops approached the area, in the form of the United States Fourth Army and its divisions: the U.S. 22nd Infantry Division U.S. 12th Infantry Division.
		When the Buchenwald camp was evacuated, the SS sent the male prisoners to other camps, and the 500 remaining women (including one of the secret annex members who lived with Anne Frank, "Mrs.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Buchenwald (1715 words)

	Buchenwald
		Buchenwald was one of the largest concentration camps established by the Nazis.
		The camp was constructed in 1937 in a wooded area on the northern slopes of the Ettersberg, about five miles northwest of Weimar in east-central Germany.
		Prisoners were confined in the northern part of the camp in an area known as the main camp, while SS guard barracks and the camp administration compound were located in the southern part.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Holocaust/buchenwald.html (701 words)

	Buchenwald concentration camp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Between 1945 and 1950 the camp was used by the Soviet occupational authorities.
		Similarly, the camp could not be named for another town nearby (Hottelstedt) because of administrative considerations (it would have resulted in a lower paygrade for the SS troops stationed at the camp).
		Jura Soyfer, Austrian poet and dramatist, died in the camp in 1939
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=Buchenwald (1778 words)

	Buchenwald Concentration Camp - photos taken after Buchenwald was liberated by US Third Army
		The camp was built on the slope of a hillside, so that all the barracks were visible from the gatehouse.
		By the time that the Buchenwald camp was liberated, the epidemic had almost been brought under control and the death rate after the liberation was not as high as in the other camps in Germany.
		German soldiers at Buchenwald used to congregate at the Bismarck Tower at the top of the hill where the Buchenwald camp is located; this was the spot where they drank beer and had parties.
	www.scrapbookpages.com /Buchenwald/JedemDasSeine.html (1713 words)

	Buchenwald: A German Holocaust Concentration Camp
		Buchenwald, one of the most feared of German Concentration Camps, was a prison before being adopted into the 4 first Camps of Dachau, Sachsenhausen, and Flossenberg.
		Buchenwald had 87 subcamps, and Buchenwald and the other camps were noted for stone quarry slavery, slavery in the the armaments and equipment industries, and for brutal medical experimentation with induced disease processes.
		Buchenwald was liberated in 1945 in April, five months after the liberation of Auschwitz.
	www.shoaheducation.com /camps/buchenwald.html (277 words)

	Concentration Camps, Nuremberg Charges, 1946, Part 2
		Construction was commenced on the camp in 1938 and it was not until April 1940 that the first transport of prisoners was received.
		Concentration camps were spoken of in whispers, and the whispers were spread by agents of the secret police.
		Although this camp had in view the primary object of putting to work the mass slave labor, another of its primary objectives was the elimination of human lives by the methods employed in handling the prisoners.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/concamp2.htm (2956 words)

	Buchenwald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Buchenwald remained one of the major camps throughout the history of the Third Reich, with numerous subcamps under its administration.
		The camp was liberated by the U.S. Army on 11 April 1945, when the American soldiers found that the inmates had already taken the camp over after most of the SS guards fled, and were organizing its surrender.
		Buchenwald was one of the first glimpses that Americans had of the horrors of the concentration camp system.
	www.thirdreichruins.com /buchenwald.htm (949 words)

	Works Consulted
		Although the concentration camp was not designated as a death camp, mass killings occurred with greater frequency.
		The liberation of Buchenwald on April 11, 1945 sparked a heated debate for scholars and historians concerning resistance in concentration camps.
		Buchenwald carried the seeds of its own downfall in itself when its first strand of barbed wire was strung a decade ago, and every Buchenwald ever built always will.
	astro.temple.edu /~bigred76/150/buchenwald.html (3181 words)

	Wikinfo \| Buchenwald
		Buchenwald was a Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg Hill near Weimar, Thuringia, Germany, in July 1937.
		Mass killings of prisoners of war took place in the camp, and many inmates died during medical experiments, or fell victim to arbitrary acts perpetrated by the SS.
		The camp was largely evacuated by the Nazis as Allied troops approached the area, and was finally occupied by the U.S. 3rd Army on April 11, 1945 with minimal resistance.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Buchenwald (187 words)

	Buchenwald
		The main camp was surrounded by an electrified barbed-wire fence, watchtowers, and a chain of sentries outfitted with automatically activated machine guns.
		Buchenwald prisoners were used in the German Equipment Works (DAW), an enterprise owned and operated by the SS; in camp workshops; and in the camp's stone quarry.
		Prisoners in the satellite camps were put to work mostly in armaments factories, in stone quarries, and on construction projects.
	www.ushmm.org /wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005198 (738 words)

	Buchenwald - visit fifty years later
		At Buchenwald on Saturday, a special gathering was held to honor the memory of the half-million Gypsies who perished at the hands of the Nazi death machine.
		Buchenwald was a labor camp rather than a death camp, and inmates were sent daily to make weapons and other war materiel.
		Perhaps the most emotional speech of the Buchenwald observance was delivered by Israel's Chief Rabbi, Yisrael Meir Lau, who spoke without notes to an audience of former prisoners and veterans of the American units that helped liberate them.
	www.writing.upenn.edu /~afilreis/Holocaust/buchenwald.html (804 words)

	"Any Jew who wants to hang himself..."
		"Buchenwald, the first concentration camp to be breached by the western Allies, had been built high on the hills above Weimar, capital of the defunct democratic Republic and not far from an imperial Schloss known as Wilhelmshohe.
		"Captured Buchenwald files recorded that already in mid-November 1938, after a Nazi Embassy official had been assassinated by a distraught young Jew, more than 10,000 people had been sent to the camp, where they were compelled to pass their arrival night in the open winter air and then were beaten and tortured.
		Camp personnel, aware that the Americans were already on the outskirts of Weimar, and their thoughts now mainly on escape, made a halfhearted unsuccessful search for the inmates, then drifted away.
	www.nizkor.org /hweb/camps/buchenwald/buchenwald-01.html (610 words)

	Buchenwald Concentration Camp (Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		n June 3, 1936, the Inspector of Concentration Camps, SS General Eicke, proposed to transfer the concentration camp of Lichtenburg to Thuringia.
		The population increased to 5,382 on September 1, 1939 and to 8,634 inmates by the end of September 1939 (because of the invasion of Poland).
		There were 63,084 prisoners in Buchenwald in December 1944, and the population reached 80,436 in late March 1945.
	www.jewishgen.org /ForgottenCamps/Camps/BuchenwaldEng.html (1001 words)

	Military Travel Center - TS_010804a
		The gate to the Buchenwald concentration camp on the outskirts of Weimar, Germany.
		Today the former camp and the monument is known as the Buchenwald Memorial (Gedenkstätte) and is dedicated to the memory of those who suffered here.
		A memorial for the “Small Camp,” a camp for the sick and dying and once separated from the main camp by barbed wire, is one of the newest.
	www.military.com /Travel/Content1/0,,TS_010804a,00.html (1112 words)

	Germans Mark Liberation of Death Camp \| Germany \| Deutsche Welle \| 10.04.2005
		Chancellor Schröder attended a ceremony Sunday in the eastern city of Weimar to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the Buchenwald concentration camp, one of the largest on German territory.
		The Buchenwald concentration camp was set up by the Nazis in 1937 for the internment of Jews, Roma, homosexuals and political opponents of Hitler's regime.
		As Europe observes the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Nazi concentration camps, Holocaust educators in Germany are wondering how to keep its lessons relevant to future generations.
	www.dw-world.de /dw/article/0,1564,1548119,00.html (816 words)

	Taipei Times - archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The elderly survivors of the Buchenwald concentration camp laid flowers and observed a moment of silence for victims of the Nazis, 60 years after US troops liberated the camp.
		Though Buchenwald was not expressly built for mass killing as Auschwitz was, the concentration camp was just as much part of the Nazis' effort to wipe out anyone deemed un-German.
		Buchenwald was part of the Nazi Holocaust in which 6 million European Jews died.
	www.taipeitimes.com /News/world/archives/2005/04/12/2003250161/print (663 words)

	Ohrdruf, also called Ohrdruf-Nord, a sub-camp of the Buchenwald Concentration Camp (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ohrdruf, also known as Ohrdruf-Nord, was the first Nazi prison camp to be discovered while it still had inmates living inside of it, although 9,000 prisoners had already been evacuated from Ohrdruf on April 2nd and marched 32 miles to the main camp at Buchenwald.
		Buchenwald is located 5 miles north of the city of Weimar, which is 20 miles to the east of Gotha.
		The whipping block was a standard feature in all the Nazi concentration camps, where 25 lashes was the typical punishment for such offenses as sabotage or stealing the food of other prisoners.
	www.scrapbookpages.com.cob-web.org:8888 /EasternGermany/Ohrdruf/OhrdrufNord.html (2481 words)

	History of Conrad (Koert) W. Baars, MD
		After interrogations by the hated Gestapo, Koert was sent to a concentration camp north of Paris, and was finally transferred to the notorious Buchenwald concentration camp in the winter of 1943.
		The living conditions at the camp were inhumane by any standards and the treatment of the prisoners barbarous.
		This turned out to be an enviable position in the camp and a blessing for him, because he was given slightly better living conditions and a bit better food than much of the rest of the camp.
	www.conradbaars.com /history.htm (1645 words)

	Nazi Camp System - RELST151 - Fears
		By September 1, 1939, there were six major camps that had existed on German territory before World War II, all of which came to have many subcamps, operating uniformly with a well-drilled central command, and had expanded into a network of thousands of camps that criss-crossed the continent.
		These are slave laborers in the Buchenwald concentration camp near Jena, East Germany.
		Used to imprison individuals considered too important or famous to simply "disappear" in death camps (though most inmates eventually deported to death camps) - also established to demonstrate to Red Cross and other international organizations that Jews and others were not being mistreated - most famous as Theresienstadt outside of Prague.
	www.bsu.edu /classes/fears/relst151/nazicampsystem.html (363 words)

	Uses of the past: versions of Buchenwald - World War II concentration camp Christian Century - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Within days Buchenwald was reopened, this time as an internment camp for Nazis and critics of communism or the Soviet occupation.
		Buchenwald became the GDR's leading antifascist showplace; its former inmates were lionized as supermen who had "self-liberated" the camp from the Nazi behemoth.
		How and why the GDR covered up the truth of the camp's history is addressed in the new museum exhibits, which were inaugurated on April 11, with former inmates from 35 nations taking part in the ceremony.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1058/is_n14_v112/ai_16883532 (918 words)

	Iverson - Buchenwald - WWII
		Orv Iverson was with the first troops at the liberation of Buchenwald Concentration Camp and witnessed the aftermath of this horrendous atrocity.
		I had heard about concentration camps, but I believed much of the information was embellished propaganda.
		As we entered the gate at the camp we found out from one of the German speaking GIs that the saying above the gate Said, "Those who enter these gates, pass out as smoke." The odor was overwhelming.
	home.earthlink.net /~iversonom/buchenwald1.html (511 words)

	Iverson WWII story- Buchenwald liberation
		I believe it was the last of April when we arrived in Weimar and set up the radio station near the Buchenwald Concentration Camp.
		Well, what we saw and smelled at this concentration camp was more than what anyone could have imagined.
		More than anything, this convinced me how important our mission had been, I had heard about concentration camps, but I believed much of the information was embellished propaganda.
	home.earthlink.net /~iversonom/ioabuchenwald.html (463 words)

	Edward R. Murrow Reports From Buchenwald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		On April 11, 1945 the Third U.S. Army reached the Buchenwald Concentration Camp.
		There were still 21,000 inmates still within the camp after the SS had fled in front of the advancing Allied front.
		Murrow was not able to get his broadcast on the air until April 15th, and in one of his most eloquent reports he tells listeners the story of his visit to Buchenwald.
	www.otr.com /murrow_buchenwald.shtml (102 words)

	Blog The Dog: Concentration Camp Buchenwald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		On Thursday I visited the former Nazi concentration camp in Buchenwald, Germany (official webpage in German) near Weimar.
		It was a forced labour camp (built by inmates in 1937) and prison for up to 80,000 victims during the Nazi regime.
		It was not an extermination camp like Auschwitz but the cruel and hard labor, the overpuplation, lack of medical treatment and Nazi barbarism left over 56,000 inmates dead.
	www.blogthedog.com /blog/archives/000032.html (652 words)

	William A. Scott, III and the Holocaust
		The vehicles of the 183rd were to become a part of a convoy to the concentration camp that Sgt. Scott would later photograph being loaded with the liberated children and sick inmates of Buchenwald.
		While the convoy was in route, the concentration camp at Buchenwald was discovered by elements of the 4th Armored Division.
		The fond memories the Buchenwald survivors have for their African American liberators was heightened by the fact that the 183rd was clearly engaged in life-sustaining functions at Buchenwald.
	members.aol.com /asargordon/encountr.htm (2714 words)

	cbs5.com - Holocaust Survivors Mark Buchenwald Liberation
		Though Buchenwald was not expressly built for mass killing, as Auschwitz was, it was just as much part of the Nazis’ effort to wipe out anyone deemed un-German.
		Buchenwald inmates rose up against their Nazi captors as the 6th Armored Division of the U.S. 3rd Army approached the camp.
		Goethe, who died in Weimar in 1832, walked in the forests where the Buchenwald camp later was built.
	cbs5.com /topstories/topstories_story_100150822.html (669 words)

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