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Topic: Buckthorn

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Sea buckthorn

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	WDNR - Invasive Plant Species - Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)
		Both species of buckthorn are distinctive enough from other native species to be identified at all times of the year once their characteristics have been learned.
		Burning annually or biannually to control buckthorns may have to be continued for several years depending on the extent of establishment and the seedbank, which general lasts two to three years.
		Treatment for common buckthorn in the spring and fall with a mixture of 25% a.i.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /invasives/fact/buckthorn_com.htm (1386 words)

	PCA Alien Plant Working Group - Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)
		Alder buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia), is a low-growing shrub that may grow to a maximum of 3 feet in height, and has leaves with 6-7 pairs of veins.
		Buckthorn control is also of interest to small grain producers; the shrub is an alternate host of the crown rust of oats, which affects oat yield and quality.
		Introduction of buckthorn was based on its hardiness and ability to thrive in a variety of soil and light conditions.
	www.nps.gov /plants/alien/fact/rhca1.htm (1150 words)

	Product Development of Sea Buckthorn
		Sea buckthorn develops an extensive root system rapidly, and is therefore an ideal plant for soil erosion control (Lu 1992), land reclamation because of its ability to fix nitrogen and conserve other essential nutrients, wildlife habitat enhancement, and farm stand protection (Li and Schroeder 1996).
		Sea buckthorn was known as a remedy for horses, and leaves and young branches were added to fodder, to induce rapid weight gain and a shiny coat, and in fact, the generic name Hippophae means shining horse (Lu 1992).
		In some countries, sea buckthorn is harvested in the winter after berries have frozen, however, the loss of moisture and vitamins involved with waiting for the first seasonal freeze may be unacceptable in some circumstances and flavor is unacceptable.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/ncnu02/v5-393.html (3241 words)

	IPAW-Buckthorn Identification & Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Buckthorn is of Eurasian origin and was introduced in North America as an ornamental.
		Buckthorn is an especially troublesome invader of natural oak savanna and oak woodland areas of southwestern Wisconsin.
		Buckthorn seeds are able to remain alive in the soil for years, and new seedlings will continue to appear for years after the plants have been removed from an area.
	www.ipaw.org /invaders/buckthorn/index.htm (951 words)

	ISU Weed Science Online - Buckthorn Control and the Soybean Aphid
		Common buckthorn was introduced to the U.S. in the 1800's as an ornamental shrub, whereas lance-leaved buckthorn is native to the region.
		The essential role of buckthorn in the life cycle of the soybean aphid has generated questions on whether the risk of soybean aphid could be reduced by controlling buckthorn.
		Buckthorn was given this status due to its role as an alternative host to oat crown rust, a devastating disease of oats.
	www.weeds.iastate.edu /mgmt/2001/buckthorn.htm (937 words)

	European Buckthorn
		And since the fruit of buckthorn causes a severe laxative effect, the birds quickly pass the undamaged seeds in their droppings.
		Unfortunately, buckthorn is one shrub that white-tailed deer seem to avoid browsing.
		Buckthorn leaves stay green late into the fall, long after the leaves of native trees and shrubs have fallen.
	www.ci.eagan.mn.us /live/page.asp?menu=2108 (550 words)

	Buckthorn Bark from Herbal Extracts Plus
		Buckthorn Bark (Frangula alnus) and Rhamnus cathartica (Common Buckthorn) are similar species of the Buckthorn family, with similar properties (although Frangula alnus/Rhamnus frangula is considered milder in its cathartic actions than its cousin) and is distinguished by its lack of thorns.
		Buckthorn Bark is mainly used as an aperient that acts as a laxative without the harsh purging actions often associated with laxatives.
		As such, Buckthorn Bark is said to be effective in cases of chronic constipation and atonic constipation, which is caused by inadequate intake of fluids, poor diet, or overuse of purgatives that result in loss of natural reflexes.
	www.herbalextractsplus.com /buckthorn-bark.cfm (712 words)

	WDNR - Invasive Plant Species - Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)
		Both species of buckthorn are distinctive enough from other native species to be identified at all times of the year once their characteristics have been learned.
		Common buckthorn is a problem species mainly in the understory of southern oak, oak-beech, maple, and riparian woods, prairies, and savannas.
		Burning annually or biannually to control buckthorns may have to be continued for several years depending on the extent of establishment and the seedbank, which general lasts two to three years.
	dnr.wi.gov /invasives/fact/buckthorn_com.htm (1386 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Buckthorns - Herb Profile and Information
		Buckthorn was well known to the AngloSaxons and is mentioned as Hartsthorn or Waythorn in their medical writings and glossaries dating before the Norman Conquest.
		Until late in the nineteenth century, syrup of Buckthorn ranked, however, among favourite rustic remedies as a purgative for children, prepared by boiling the juice with pimento and ginger and adding sugar, but its action was so severe that, as time went on, the medicine was discarded.
		This milder English Buckthorn acts likewise as a tonic to the intestine and is especially useful for relieving piles.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/b/buckth80.html (2361 words)

	Introduction to Sea Buckthorn
		Oil from the sea buckthorn fruit is rich in vitamin E, carotenoids, phytosterols and essential fatty acids, all of which have beneficial medicinal properties for the treatment of internal and topical maladies.
		The Sea buckthorns are deciduous shrubs that typically range from 0.5 to 6 m in height with equivalent spread, but may reach up to 18 m in central Asia.
		Sea buckthorn is adapted to a wide variety of soils, and will grow on marginal land including sandy, gravely soils with poor nutrient and water retention capacities.
	www.omafra.gov.on.ca /english/crops/facts/seabuckthorn.htm (1224 words)

	Sea Buckthorn - A valuable Medicinal Plant
		Preparations of sea buckthorn oils are recommended for external use in the case of burns, bedsores, and other skin complications induced by confinement to a bed or treatment with X-ray or radiation.
		Sea buckthorn oil, juice or extracts from oil, juice, leaves and bark have been used successfully to treat high blood lipid symptoms, eye diseases, gingivitis and cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure and coronary heart disease.
		Sea buckthorn is one of several species used in the outer row of multiple row shelterbelts and in multi-species single row shelterbelts.
	www.wwfpak.org /nap/dnap_medicinalplants_seabuckthorn.php (2774 words)

	Buckthorn Purging
		Buckthorns are European native shrubs that were brought to this country and commonly planted as hedges.
		Buckthorn is out-competing native plants (and other imported plants), reducing many areas from a mixed plant population to only Buckthorn.
		Buckthorn leaves and roots also emit a substance that is poisonous to the roots of other plants.
	www.bachmans.com /tipsheets/gardening_problems/Buckthorn.cfm (943 words)

	Buckthorn - Invasive species: Minnesota DNR
		Buckthorn is one of the most invasive species found in Minnesota.
		Common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) was first brought to Minnesota from Europe in the mid-1800s as a very popular hedging material.
		Buckthorn leafs out early and retain leaves late into the fall creating dense shade that helps it to out-compete many native plants.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /invasives/terrestrialplants/woody/buckthorn/index.html (291 words)

	Alder Buckthorn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Alder buckthorn is a tall shrub native to northern Europe.
		Alder buckthorn is usually taken at bedtime to induce a bowel movement by morning.
		Alder buckthorn should be taken for a maximum of eight to ten days consecutively or else it can lead to dependence on it to have a bowel movement.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Herb/Alder_Buckthorn.htm (687 words)

	Buckthorn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Buckthorns Rhamnus are a genus (or two genera, if Frangula is treated as distinct) of about 100 species of shrubs or small trees from 1-10 m tall (rarely to 15 m), in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae.
		Buckthorns are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species - see list of Lepidoptera which feed on Buckthorns.
		Buckthorns may be confused with Dogwoods, which share the curved leaf venation; indeed, "dogwood" is a local name for R.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Buckthorn (587 words)

	Buckthorn Bark
		Buckthorn Bark comes from the Alder Buckthorn tree which is native to Europe and parts of western Asia.
		Buckthorn Bark's ability to soften the stool and relieve constipation makes it an effective tool in relieving pain and pressure associated with hemorrhoids and anal fissures.
		Buckthorn Bark is an effective colon cleanser because of its ability to increase the motility of the colon.
	www.puristat.com /ingredients/buckthornbark.asp (770 words)

	Berkshire Taconic :: Conservation issues :: Invasive Plants: Buckthorn
		Buckthorn species take over an area two ways: by spreading very quickly in many different kinds of areas and by preventing other species from growing in the same area.
		The buckthorn family is large and it may be easy to confuse these two types of invasive buckthorns with several native, non-invasive look-a-likes.
		Buckthorn plants can regenerate with great success from root fragments that may be left behind after you pull plants out by hand.
	www.lastgreatplaces.org /berkshire/issues/art6081.html (844 words)

	Aubrey Organics - Sea Buckthorn: rejuvenating, restorative and anti-aging action
		Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is great for women's beauty concerns but men should know about its benefits, too — especially if they spend a lot of time outdoors and are exposed to the sun or toxic chemicals.
		According to ancient Greek legend, sea buckthorn was a key part of the diet for racehorses; this led to its botanical name Hippophae which means "shiny coat." It has also been said that sea buckthorn leaves were one of the preferred foods of the flying horse, Pegasus.
		Sea Buckthorn Rejuvenating Serum with Ester-C® is an excellent formula to use on superficial skin blemishes such as brown spots and splotching, also on lesions that form as precursors to skin cancers from too much sun exposure in areas such as the tips of the cheek bones and along the outer ear lobes.
	www.aubrey-organics.com /about/articles/seabuckthorn_products.cfm (1218 words)

	Buckthorn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Buckthorn is a tall shrub native to northern Europe.
		Buckthorn bark and berries are high in anthraquinone glycosides.
		Buckthorn should be taken for a maximum of eight to ten days consecutively or else it can lead to dependence on it to have a bowel movement.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Herb/Buckthorn.htm (684 words)

	Common Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.)
		Common buckthorn ia a shrub or small tree reaches heights of 25 feet (7.6 meters); trunk diameter is up to 10 inches (25 cm); crown is spreading and irregular.
		Carolina buckthorn is essentially restricted to the Ozark region in Missouri, whereas lance-leaved buckthorn is found throughout the state with the exception of the Mississippi Lowlands of southeast Missouri.
		Common buckthorn can be distinguished from both native species by its opposite or near opposite leaf arrangement and by the presence of spiny tips on its twigs.
	mdc.mo.gov /nathis/exotic/vegman/eight.htm (1595 words)

	Buckthorn
		Because it softens the stool, Buckthorn is used by people with anal fissures and hemorrhoids, and those who've recently undergone rectal surgery.
		Buckthorn's potent laxative effect has been known since at least the 13th century, when Welsh physicians prescribed juice of Buckthorn for constipation.
		Buckthorn, in solid and liquid forms, is taken orally.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/herbaldrugs/100440.shtml (441 words)

	Sea Buckthorn
		The flavonoids of sea buckthorn (mainly from fruit pulp; also in the leaves) and the oils of sea buckthorn (primarily in the seeds, but also in the fleshy part of the fruit) are the two items specially extracted for medicinal use.
		Sea buckthorn has turned out to be useful because it withstands severe weather and grows huge root systems in poor soil (and fixes nitrogen in the soil).
		Having confirmed that sea buckthorn was the most competitive species for the purpose of controlling water losses and soil erosion, a total of 67,000 hectares (166,000 acres) of sea buckthorn forest were planted in Jianping County of Liaoning Province.
	www.itmonline.org /arts/seabuckthorn.htm (1910 words)

	Herbal Descriptions - Buckthorn - Rhamnus cathartica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Buckthorn was a favorite because it produced reliable results - as a laxative, anyway.
		Cures Constipation: Buckthorn stimulates the colonic muscle contractions we experience as "the urge." In Germany, some physicians prescribe a laxative tea containing 1/2 teaspoon each of Buckthorn, fennel seed and chamomile flowers (fennel and chamomile both soothe the stomach) per cup of boiling water, steeped for about 10 minutes.
		Buckthorn should not be used by those with chronic gastrointestinal problems such as ulcers, colitis or hemorrhoids.
	www.viable-herbal.com /herbdesc/1bucktho.htm (677 words)

	Invasive Plants of Ohio - Factsheet 2 - Glossy Buckthorn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Both glossy buckthorn and common buckthorn are non-native woody shrubs or small trees that can reach up to 20 feet in height.
		Leaves of glossy buckthorn are entire, 1-3 inches long, shiny on the upper surface, oval shaped and slightly wavy.
		Glossy buckthorn and common buckthorn were introduced to North America from Eurasia as ornamental shrubs for fence rows and wildlife habitat and are still used in landscaping.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /dnap/invasive/2buckthorn.htm (592 words)

	Buckthorn Bust
		Common or European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) was brought to Minnesota in the mid 1800's as a popular hedging material.
		Buckthorn on your property can contribute to the overgrowth of buckthorn on the parkland that is so valuable to the quality of life in our neighborhood.
		Buckthorn is often spread by birds that eat the berries at one location and drop the seeds in other areas.
	www.fultonneighborhood.org /buckthorn.htm (187 words)

	Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board - Buckthorn, Honeysuckle & Mulberry
		The fruits of buckthorn release allelopathic chemicals that restrict the growth of native plants.
		Buckthorn was introduced to our parklands by birds that feed on the buckthorn fruits on residential and commercial properties and carry the seed to where they perch.
		The Buckthorn Bust Neighborhood Guide was created to help residents combat the problem of buckthorn on their property and in their neighborhoods.
	www.minneapolisparks.org /default.asp?PageID=112 (305 words)

	Buckthorn Control and Assistance Program
		Until buckthorn is removed from all residential and commercial properties, Eagan will continue to have a fruit source for continued re-infestation of our woodlands by songbirds.
		Effective buckthorn control requires using a combination of mechanical and chemical strategies, followed by annual monitoring and replanting of native trees, shrubs and wildflowers.
		All buckthorn that is cut by property owners, needs to then be neatly stacked in the street boulevard area with the cut end towards the street for pick up by City staff.
	www.ci.eagan.mn.us /live/page.asp?menu=4795 (464 words)

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