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Topic: Buddhism in India

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	Buddhism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Buddhism has largely disappeared from its country of origin, India, except for the presence there of many refugees from the Tibet region of China and a small number of converts from the lower castes of Hinduism.
		India during the lifetime of the Buddha was in a state of religious and cultural ferment.
		Buddhism, which denied both the efficacy of Vedic ritual and the validity of the caste system, and which spread its teachings using vernacular languages rather than Brahmanical Sanskrit, was by far the most successful of the heterodox or non-Vedic systems.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bu/Buddhism.html (1608 words)

	Buddhism, an introduction, John C. Powers, Publications, Faculty of Asian Studies, ANU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ashoka was converted to Buddhism by a Theravada monk and, after a bloody war of conquest against the neighboring state of Kalinga, he recognized that such aggression violated the principles of Buddhism.
		His advocacy of Buddhism was one of the primary reasons for the spread of the tradition into Southeast Asia, He sent teams of missionaries all over the Indian sub-continent, and to Sri Lanka, Burma, and other neighboring areas.
		Buddhism is becoming increasingly popular in Western countries, and a number of prominent Buddhist teachers have established successful centers in Europe and North America.
	www.anu.edu.au /asianstudies/buddhism/spread.html (1127 words)

	Buddhism in India
		In Buddhism we have a religion which draws most of its inspiration from the Indus Valley religion, the ideas of renunciation, meditation, karma and rebirth, ultimate liberation - the ideas which were important to the Indus Valley tradition.
		India is the birthplace of Buddhism and yet Buddhism disappeared from its birthplace.
		The wheel in the centre of the Indian national flag is wheel of the Dhamma-chakra and the emblem of India is an adaptation of the Buddhist Emperor Asoka's lion at Sarnath, where the lord Buddha first declared the Dhamma chakka-Pavattana Sutta and the profound teaching of Buddhism.
	www.buddhaindia.com /bindia.htm (615 words)

	BUDDHISM
		Buddhism in India was to remain a dead religion until the 20th century.
		In the course of its eventful history Buddhism which began as a departure from the ritualism of the Hindu religion gradually adapted and absorbed many Hindu ideas and practices to the point that at times, the lines of distinction between the two religions (the parent and the offspring) were blurred.
		Buddhism is the only trans-national religion which has never preached malice against other faiths, nor have its followers ever indulged in a holy war against those of another faith.
	www.hindubooks.org /sudheer_birodkar/hindu_history/buddhism.html (3729 words)

	India's Religions and Philosophy (Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism)
		With the origins of Hinduism and Buddhism in India, religion is considered to be extremely important.
		Buddhism rests upon four Noble Truths: (i) suffering is universal, (ii) it is caused by desire and yearning (iii) suffering can be prevented and overcome and (iv) eradication of desires can lead to removal of suffering.
		The Arab traders brought Islam to India in the early 8th century, but it was not until the 12th century that it became a force to reckon with in the Indian sub-continent.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/india/religion.htm (2528 words)

	Buddhism in northeast losing originality:- - India News - Webindia123.com
		Guwahati, March 3 : Buddhism in India's northeast is fast losing its originality with cultural fusion threatening this centuries-old faith, experts Thursday said.
		"Considering the proximity of largely Buddhist countries in Southeast Asia, the northeast is supposed to be the gateway for dissemination of Buddhism in India," said R. Pant, director of Nava Nalanda Mahavira, the highest seat of Buddhist education in India.
		People may not be direct followers of Buddhism, but then the influence of the teachings is reflected in their lifestyle," said Bhikkhu Bodhipala, the chief priest of Mahabodhi Temple in Bodh Gaya.
	www.webindia123.com /news/showdetails.asp?id=71250&cat=India (356 words)

	The Origins of Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Buddhism, founded in the late 6th century B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama (the "Buddha"), is an important religion in most of the countries of Asia.
		Buddhism has assumed many different forms, but in each case there has been an attempt to draw from the life experiences of the Buddha, his teachings, and the "spirit" or "essence" of his teachings (called dhamma or dharma) as models for the religious life.
		Buddhism in the West also receives some new coverage, and a number of good time-lines, diagrams, and pictures have been added, along with a glossary and bibliography of one-line annotated suggested readings.
	www.askasia.org /frclasrm/readings/r000007.htm (1847 words)

	Buddhism in India - Hiduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Islam, Zoroastrianism
		Breaking through the final barriers, he achieved the knowledge that he later expressed as the Four Noble Truths: all of life is suffering; the cause of suffering is desire; the end of desire leads to the end of suffering; and the means to end desire is a path of discipline and meditation.
		Buddhism began a steady and dramatic comeback in India during the early twentieth century, spurred on originally by a combination of European antiquarian and philosophical interest and the dedicated activities of a few Indian devotees.
		Convert communities, by embracing Buddhism, have embarked on social transformations, including a decline in alcoholism, a simplification of marriage ceremonies and abolition of ruinous marriage expenses, a greater emphasis on education, and a heightened sense of identity and self-worth.
	www.photius.com /religion/india_buddhism.html (1092 words)

	Buddhism - Free Encyclopedia of Thelema
		Buddhism is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit; in Pāli, Siddhattha Gotama), who lived between approximately 563 and 483 BCE.
		Buddhism had become the fastest-growing religion in Australia and many other Western nations by the 1990s, in contrast to the steady decline of traditional western beliefs (see Christianity).
		Chögyam Trungpa, the founder of Shambhala Buddhism, (http://www.shambhala.org/) claimed in his teachings that his intention was to strip the ethnic baggage away form traditional methods of working with the mind and to deliver the essence of those teachings to his western students.
	www.egnu.org /thelema/index.php/Buddhism (6187 words)

	India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		India is the historical seat of Buddhism as well as home to both the Theravada and Mahayana sects.
		Buddhism is one of the most popular religions in India, and influences the culture in a multitude of ways.
		Buddhism's roots are closely related to the Jain and Hindu religions in that its ultimate origin was found in the Rig Veda and Brahman tradition.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /as/students/vb/India.HTM (328 words)

	Buddhism and Its Spread Along the Silk Road
		Buddhism reached the height of its power in the 8th and 9th centuries in Afghanistan before it fell to the Arabs.
		As Buddhism advanced towards the Tarim basin, Kashgaria with Yarkand and Khotan in the west, Tumsuk, Aksu and Kizil in the north, Loulan, Karasahr and Dunhuang in the east, and Miran and Cherchen in the south became important centers of Buddhist art and thought.
		The decline of Buddhism along the Silk Road was due to the collapse of the Tang Dynasty in the East and the invasion of Arabs in the West.
	www.silk-road.com /artl/buddhism.shtml (3351 words)

	Buddhism in a Nutshell - The Place of Origin of Buddhism - India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Buddhism was founded by Shakyamuni Buddha who was a human being in ancient India 2,500 years ago.
		Shakyamuni was the founder of Buddhism and Nataputta was the founder of Jainism.
		Buddhism was first merged by Hinduism and later was destructed by Islam in India.
	www.buddhistdoor.com /passissue/9704/sources/teach29.htm (1341 words)

	Buddhism Religion, Lord Buddha, Buddhism in India, Indian Religion, Buddhism History, Religion Spirituality, World ...
		The main spiritual goal of Buddhism is to attain 'Nirvana', which means the spiritual liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth.
		Buddhism religion does not believe in the existence of god and questions the Hindu practice of elaborate ceremonies, image worship, suppression of women and the elevation of Brahmins.
		Buddhism is divided into 2 major sects - Huinayanas (travellers by a lesser vehicle) and Mahayanas (travellers by a greater vehicle).
	religions.iloveindia.com /buddhism.html (330 words)

	History of Buddhism in India
		Buddhism failed to adapt to changing social and political circumstances, and apparently lacked a wide base of support.
		When a series of invasions by Turkish Muslims descended on India in the ninth through twelfth centuries, after the invaders had sacked the great north Indian monastic universities and killed many prominent monks, Buddhism was dealt a death blow from which it never recovered.
		In 1193 the Moslems attacked and conquered Magadha, the heartland of Buddhism in India, and with the destruction of the Buddhist Monasteries, like Nalanda (1200) in that area Buddhism was wiped out.
	buddhism.kalachakranet.org /india.html (1726 words)

	Buddhism Festivals,Buddhism in India,Festivals of Buddhism
		Buddhism does not believe in the existence of a creator; change as fundamental and acts as an agent of nature; consequences of actions; nothing as permanent.
		Buddhism is a principal/National religion in many countries such as in Japan, Sri-Lanka, China and many South East Asian Nations.
		Spread and influence of Buddhism had begun to be widened since the efforts of Emperor Asoka in 3rd century BC.
	www.surfindia.com /festivals/buddhism.html (379 words)

	Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Buddhism does not have a God, nor is it atheistic.
		Zen Buddhism is a mixture of Buddhism as it arrived from India to Japan and original Japanese beliefs.
		The Hindu Tantric Buddhism is a mixture of Indian Buddhism and original Tibetian beliefs which existed among the Tibetians before the arrival of Buddhism in Tibet, among it magic, ghosts and tantras (meaningless mystical sentences).
	adaniel.tripod.com /buddhism.htm (505 words)

	Thousands Covert to Buddhism in India
		``The message of Buddhism is that all human beings are equal,'' said Harish Khare, a 36-year-old government employee who traveled from the western state of Maharashtra to participate in the ceremony.
		Nearly one-fourth of India's more than one billion people are low-caste Hindus or ``dalits.'' Also known as untouchables, they occupy the lowest rank in the caste system that is dominated by the once-priestly class of Brahmins.
		India's constitution outlaws discrimination on the basis of caste.
	www.buddhismtoday.com /english/world/facts/conversion2.htm (340 words)

	fwbo :: Reviving Buddhism in India
		Buddhism was born in India, but 800 years ago it virtually died out in its birthplace.
		The vast majority of these people are from castes formerly known as 'untouchable' who were involved in the movement of conversion to Buddhism initiated in the 1950s.
		In India the movement is known as Trailokya Bauddha Mahasangha Sahayak Gana (TBMSG).
	www.fwbo.org /india.html (620 words)

	Hindu Outcasts Embrace Buddhism in India
		Police said the turnout of about 8,000 Hindu Dalits was much lower than the one million expected at what was billed as the largest mass conversion in the country's history, but that did not dampen the crowd's enthusiasm.
		India's 160 million Dalits -- referred to as outcasts, untouchables, Harijans (God's People) and Scheduled Castes -- sit at the bottom of India's 3,000-year-old caste system.
		Critics said the conversion ceremony, which was forced to shift from its planned venue after police denied it permission, was a political rally organized with an eye on elections in the politically crucial state of Uttar Pradesh due by next March.
	www.buddhismtoday.com /english/world/facts/conversion3.htm (463 words)

	A Closer Look - The Art of Buddhism - India
		In India, the period of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. was the age of the Buddha, who inspired a religion that eventually spread far beyond his homeland.
		The chieftain Siddhartha, born into the ruling family of a small republic bordering present-day India and Nepal, abandoned the pleasures of the palace to seek the true meaning of life.
		Buddhism, like other faiths born in India, espouses the belief in repeated lives on earth with the opportunity to improve the conditions of the next birth by performing good deeds in this life.
	www.asia.si.edu /exhibitions/online/buddhism/india1.htm (259 words)

	Relief Notes 2002, Buddhism in India -- Untouchability
		India is the world's largest democracy, but more than half a century after independence from British colonial rule, its entrenched caste system aggravates persistent economic troubles and makes a travesty of the ideals of justice and equality.
		For close to a millennium, Buddhism and Hinduism, the later, organized form of Brahminism, were the main contenders in the cultural and social life of the subcontinent.
		The conversion of Dalits and the growth of Buddhism in India must be viewed against the backdrop of the recent resurgence of militant Hinduism.
	home.earthlink.net /~brelief2/bud_ind.html (3513 words)

	The Decline of Buddhism in India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		By the time the Muslims began conquering India in the twelfth century, the number of monasteries had severely declined.
		Buddhism, which once had spread across the face of India, was a vital force only in the areas of its origins.
		From 1192 to the present day, Buddhism ceased to be an organized religion in India, the fertile soil from which the religion grew.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/BUDDHISM/DECLINE.HTM (272 words)

	North Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts
		Zen Buddhism originated in India, traveled to China in the 6th century, and was first introduced in Japan around the 12th century.
		The tea ceremony developed under the influence of Zen Buddhism, the aim of which is, in simple terms, to purify the soul by becoming one with nature.
		Tea was first introduced to Japan along with Buddhism from China in the 6th century, but the Emperor Shomu, who ruled from 724-749, is credited with introducing tea drinking into the country after he had been presented bricks of pressed tea leaves by a Chinese priest.
	www.art.unt.edu /ntieva/artcurr/asian/wabisabi.html (1782 words)

	History (India) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Buddhism was founded over 2500 years ago in ancient India by the historical
		Initially, the Hinayana schools flourished in India, and 18 schools of Hinayana were known by the time of the great Indian King Asoka in the first century B.C.E. During Asoka's reign, Buddhism began to spread throughout Asia, and Hinayana became established in Sri Lanka.
		Buddhism reached its height in China by the Fourth Century.
	www.buddhism.co.za /history_(india).htm (267 words)

	webindia123.com-religion of India-Buddhism-Buddhism in modern India-Buddhist revival in India
		In modern India, both the Theravada and the Mahayana traditions of Buddhism are prevalent.
		The third category is represented by those who are attracted towards Buddhism as a result of the missionary movement spearheaded by the Maha Bodhi society in India.
		According to1971 census, the total population of the Buddhists in India is 38,12,325 and they constitute 0.70 percent of the total population of India.
	www.webindia123.com /religion/buddh/modern.htm (303 words)

	Buddhism in a Nutshell - Buddhism in India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		During this period the main stream of Buddhism was Sthavirah (regarded as Hinayana, or Theravada Buddhism) in India.
		In this period, the Sthavirah was reputed as the nearest to early Buddhism in its tenets, though it was said to have changed the basis of Buddhism from an agnostic system (believing that the existence of any ultimate reality is unknown) to a realistic philosophy.
		He merged the India traditions to the Tantric mantra, which was very popular in India by that time.
	www.buddhistdoor.com /bdoor/0106/sources/teach43.htm (982 words)

	Sasai-G The Home Page. The resurgence of buddhism in India. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Then in the 13th century, an Islamic goverment came to be in India, and Buddhism dissapeared from most of the Indian Subcontinent, with pockets of Buddhist people living the mountainous Himalayan and other regions.
		The resurgence of Buddhism in India did not go to its next stage until the arrival of Dr.
		The number of Buddhists in India in 1981 (according to the government of India) was 4.65 million people, and in 1991, became 6.32 million people.
	www.tomigaya.shibuya.tokyo.jp /sasai-g/resurgence.html (385 words)

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