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Topic: Buddhism in the United States

	Buddhism
		Buddhism came to the U.S. in the early 19th century, with the arrival of Chinese and Japanese immigrants in Hawaii and in the west coast of the U.S. mainland.
		Buddhism stands condemned by the voice of nature the dominant tone of which is hope and joy.
		Buddhism is thus guilty of a capital crime against nature, and in consequence does injustice to the individual.
	www.inplainsite.org /html/buddhism.html (4876 words)

	THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA USA
		Manifest Destiny was a philosophy that encouraged westward expansion in the United States: as the population of the Eastern states grew and as a steady increase of immigrants entered the country, settlers moved steadily westward across North America.
		The United States currently enjoys a positive relationship with the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, and Poland, among several others, in that these nations are participating as active military allies with, or logistical supporters of, the United States in all theaters.
		The United States is often under criticism from Western governments and NGOs concerning lengthy detention without trial, forced confessions, torture, and mistreatment of prisoners as well as some restrictions on freedoms of speech and the press, as being violations of their definition of human rights.
	www.speedace.info /united_states_of_america_usa.htm (8119 words)

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		In the United States, Zen mediation is practiced widely in monasteries, temples, and retreats.
		Buddhism in general is also very appealing to American women in that it treats men and women equally.
		Buddhism does not make statements about the origin of the world, how the human condition has come to its present state, exactly when, how, or if the world will end, nor even whether or not the soul is eternal and life exists after death.
	www.rushman.org /carrie/buddhism.html (1647 words)

	Buddhism in America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There is also no one form of Buddhism in the United States, but rather a plurality of different forms of Buddhism which have only recently begun to interact, but for the most part they keep to themselves.
		This is one of the reasons why Buddhism has been in the United States for so long, and yet not until the last few decades has it begun to spread outside the small ethnic enclaves within which it had confined itself.
		For most of its history in the United States, the Nichiren Shu was definately what has been described as an Ethnic form of Buddhism with little or no appeal to the general population, nor were any efforts made to reach out beyond the Japanese-American community.
	nichirenscoffeehouse.net /Ryuei/Buddhism-in-America.html (4354 words)

	JAPANESE BUDDHISM
		This is a brief introduction to Buddhism in Japan focusing on the main schools in Japan and terms the student is likely to encounter in the course of readings for HUM 310 Japan.
		Buddhism was brought to Japan from China at different periods by various individuals whose studies and practice differ widely.
		Buddhism as practiced in Japan has been shaped by Japanese cultural practices and values and has developed differently from Buddhism practiced elsewhere in Asia.
	cla.calpoly.edu /~bmori/syll/Hum310japan/JBUDDHISM.html (2034 words)

	Buddhist Sects
		The history of Buddhism in the United States can be traced back to the immigration of the Chinese and Japanese laborers as far back as the 1880's.
		Since the practice of Buddhism is a personal observance, involving home altars or shrines and meditation, public places of practice were not visible to the general public.
		Buddhism has grown over the years and now has practitioners all over the United States and includes individuals from all ethnic origins.
	www.heartlandsangha.org /Horibe.html (766 words)

	URI - United Religions Initiative
		The considerable growth of meditation centers shows that Buddhism is becoming a vital force in the pluralistic American society and is having an influential impact on it.
		The Buddhist experience in the United States highlights the ability of its practitioners to adapt to a completely different cultural and social environment and make remarkable progress in shaping the lives of others who encounter Buddhism.
		Since the establishment of Buddhism in the United States is still in progress, its impact and influence will become more clearly visible in the 21st century.
	www.uri.org /Buddhism_in_North_America.html (1124 words)

	Buddhism in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Buddhism is a religion with millions of followers in the United States, including traditionally Buddhist Asian Americans as well as non-Asians, many of whom are converts.
		3 Demographics of Buddhism in the United States
		The passage of the 1965 Immigration Act in the United States greatly increased the number of immigrants arriving from China, Vietnam, and the Theravada-practicing countries of southeast Asia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States (7875 words)

	Asian-American Buddhism Bibliography
		Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism and the Soka Gakkai in America: The Ethos of a New Religious Movement.
		Snow, Elson B. "The Sprouting of Shinshu Literature in the United States." Hou-u: Dharma Rain 1/2: 1-5.
		Spencer, Robert F. apanese Buddhism in the United States: A Study in Acculturation.
	www.pluralism.org /resources/biblio/as-am_buddhism.php (3199 words)

	Capper, Daniel Review of American Buddhism: Methods and Findings in Recent Scholarship. Edited by Duncan Ryuuken ...
		The study of Buddhism in the United States has suffered from a great deal of neglect for most of the more than a century that Buddhism has been in America.
		The foreword to the volume by Diana Eck aptly sets up a number of issues to be tackled by the contributors as she calls attention to the diversity of Buddhisms in the United States as well as to the need for methodological diversity for their proper study.
		Prebish courageously states what some shy away from publicly: to reveal a personal commitment to Buddhism within the academy is to invite doubts about one's scholarly abilities, yet to hide such involvement obscures essential data regarding Buddhism, the object of study.
	www.globalbuddhism.org /1/capper001.html (2089 words)

	Awakening to Buddhism
		Buddhism, experts say, is the fastest-growing major religion in the United States.
		Chien: Another thing especially about Nichiren Buddhism is that prior to that you either had a priest praying for you or you had to become a priest yourself.
		One of the greatest conduits for the spread of Buddhism around the world and into the United States was the United States military.
	www.religionnewsblog.com /12676/awakening-to-buddhism (2083 words)

	UU Sangha, Fall 99
		Buddhism in Asia is largely a monastic religion, with much involvement by laypeople, but the ideal being a monastic lifestyle.
		In general, in American Buddhism, the preference is for lay practice, and the emphasis is on Buddhism in daily life: how to act compassionately and responsibly in your relationships, how to live your Buddhist principles in the workplace, how to practice while caring for children, etc.
		In the United States, we are in the process of creating a kind of Buddhism never seen in the world before, which incorporates democratic values, psychological and feminist insights, into the centuries’ old practices taught by the Buddha.
	www.uua.org /uubf/sangv4n1.htm (8077 words)

	Welcome to Ethics Daily.com! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Rime Center is one of approximately 1,000 Buddhist centers in the United States.
		Representatives of all major Buddhist sects are present in the United States.
		The goal of NSA is world peace and harmony, achieved through the revolution of individual human lives transformed by Buddhism, the “true humanism.” Major worship practices center around the Buddhist scripture, the Lotus Sutra.
	www.ethicsdaily.com /article_detail.cfm?AID=1764 (609 words)

	History of Buddhism
		The history of Buddhism in the United States can be traced back to the Chinese laborers who came to the United States to work on the railroads in the 1820’s.
		Many poetic terms are used to describe the state of the enlightened human being—the harbour of refuge, the cool cave, the place of bliss, the farther shore.
		The term that has become famous in the West is nirvana, translated as dying out—that is, the dying out in the heart of the fierce fires of lust, anger, and delusion.
	www.truthnet.org /Christianity/Cults/Buddhism11 (4618 words)

	H-Net Review: Jin Y. Park on Being Buddhist in a Christian World: Gender and Community in a Korean American Temple (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Scholars of American Buddhism generally categorize Buddhism in America into two groups: "Asian immigrant Buddhism" and "American convert Buddhism." The former refers to the Buddhism that immigrants from Asian nations brought with them and continue to practice in the new land, whereas the latter indicates Buddhism practiced by westerners.
		In light of virtual lack of research on Korean immigrant Buddhism in the United States, Sharon A. Suh's anthropological study based on her field research at a Korean Buddhist temple in Los Angeles is more than welcome.
		However, whether Seung Sahn's Buddhism can be characterized as being representative of Korean Buddhism in the United States is highly questionable, and the situation becomes more problematic when we consider Korean immigrant Buddhism in the way that it is practiced among Korean Americans.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=158221096829777 (1569 words)

	Why I ditched Buddhism. - By John Horgan - Slate Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Buddhism "rejects the theological impulse," the philosopher Owen Flanagan declares approvingly in The Problem of the Soul.
		Chogyam Trungpa, who helped introduce Tibetan Buddhism to the United States in the 1970s, was a promiscuous drunk and bully, and he died of alcohol-related illness in 1987.
		Buddhism raises radical questions about our inner and outer reality, but it is finally not radical enough to accommodate science's disturbing perspective.
	www.slate.com /id/2078486 (1688 words)

	Amazon.ca: Faces of Buddhism in America: Books: Prebish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Charles Prebish and Kenneth Tanaka have brought together 19 scholars and practitioners of Buddhism to gain some perspective on the origin and development of Buddhism itself--how it has taken root and grown in American soil.
		Essays such as "Tibetan Buddhism in America" and "Responding to the Cries of the World" explore movements of Buddhism in America from the inside and the issues arising out of the Americanization of Buddhism, such as feminism, psychotherapy, and social engagement.
		This excellent collection of essays touching on all of the diverse manifestations of Buddhism in contemporary America is especially useful in covering traditions that receive less attention elsewhere.
	www.amazon.ca /Faces-Buddhism-America-Prebish/dp/0520213017 (384 words)

	Amazon.ca: One Dharma: The Emerging Western Buddhism: Books: Joseph Goldstein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Separated by time and space, the several traditions of Buddhism and their many internal variations grew from the Buddha's original teachings into disparate systems of practice on the path to liberation.
		With the transmission of the Dharma to the United States, Mr.
		Too much is left out for the reader to see how the traditions of Buddhism, if only on the surface, differ from each other and how the transmission of Buddhism to the United States promises the opportunity of integrating teachings from the different schools.
	www.amazon.ca /One-Dharma-Emerging-Western-Buddhism/dp/0062517007 (2501 words)

	AsiaSource: AsiaTODAY - A resource of the Asia Society
		While many Americans think of Buddhism as a recent trend, the religion has a long and multi-faceted history in the U.S., beginning with the first wave of Japanese immigrants to the U.S. in the 1870s.
		Americans who are not of Asian descent have also had a long history of interest in Buddhism, starting with the transcendental movement and theosophy societies of the second half of the nineteenth century.
		From Salon.com, this critique of white middle class Buddhism (or “Boomer Buddhism”) by Professor Stephen Prothero claims, “Boomer Buddhism is all too often shallow and small.
	www.asiasource.org /news/at_mp_02.cfm?newsid=54751 (908 words)

	Buddhism in America-part 1
		One of the things I've noticed since I've been back in the United States is that people feel they don't have communities that they feel real connected with.
		The kind of Buddhism that becomes more sangha oriented and where people try to get together more and to connect in relation to the emotional level of their lives will create the appeal that will help make Buddhism really popular in the West.
		That is something that Buddhism can absorb because it is Buddhism; because of the nature of what Buddhism is. I think there is already a mix in Pure-land Buddhism with the Taoism and the I Ching.
	www.heartlandsangha.org /Bauerle1.html (1500 words)

	MiddleWay Press, Applying Buddhism to Daily Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Buddhism is always rooted in the reality of life.
		This book explores life’s philosophical intricacies from the perspective of Nichiren Buddhism, one of the most widely practiced forms of Buddhism in the United States today.
		In this update of his modern classic, Daisaku Ikeda, the world’s foremost authority on Nichiren Buddhism, focuses the insights of Buddhism on life’s perplexing riddles, the phases of birth, aging and death.
	www.middlewaypress.com (445 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In spite of the fact that the field is clearly divided on racial and ethnic lines, no study of Buddhism in the United States has yet examined the role and influence of race on the development of American Buddhisms.
		I argue that race influenced the construction of American Buddhisms, and that, in both Hawaii during the early twentieth century and in the Euro American appropriation of Asian Buddhism, race appears not to be an overriding concern.
		As a result, the practice of Asian-American Buddhism in the United States by Asian American Buddhists has been artificially separated from what is now considered to be American Buddhism.
	www.georgetown.edu /crossroads/dis/00pierce.htm (360 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Master Hsuan Hua came to the United States in 1962 and were among the first to introduce genuine buddhism to the United States.
		A time slot of 30 minutes will be allocated to anyone who is willing to give a talk about a topic related to buddhism or personal experience in the spiritual path, be it buddhism or otherwise.
		Apart from the many monasteries, hermitages and disciples that the Master has left in the world, are records of his commentaries on Sutras and many Dharma talks...
	www.sinc.sunysb.edu /Clubs/buddhism/newsletter/news28.txt (715 words)

	American Buddhist Congress -An Invitation
		Since Buddhism first came to the United States more than a century ago, it has grown and flourished primarily among immigrants from the various Asian Buddhist traditions.
		We are convinced that Buddhism has an egalitarian, practical, and scientifically defensible appeal that will touch the hearts and minds of Americans of all traditions if we address them in English and in ways that are significant and meaningful to them.
		The principles of loving kindness, compassion, and peace making, are well know to most Americans, but there is a need to find better ways to inform them of the Buddha's teachings themselves in language and with applications culturally and linguistically compatible with their existing cultural ideals and practices.
	www.americanbuddhistcongress.org /home.htm (233 words)

	American Buddhism on the rise \| csmonitor.com
		Buddhism arrived in the United States in the 1800s.
		Buddhism is growing apace in the United States, and an identifiably American Buddhism is emerging.
		There are many schools of Buddhism, but "everyone agrees that the purpose is the individual and collective realization of Enlightenment," Surya Das continues.
	www.csmonitor.com /2006/0914/p14s01-lire.html (1748 words)

	CyberSangha Sneak Preview Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The religious culture of the United States was rich and varied, and much more complex than the simplistic division into Protestant, Catholic and Jew.
		The assumptions underlying that religious culture are important to an understanding of the character of lay Buddhism in the United States since Buddhism in the United States has been informed not only by the religious culture of origin -- Tibetan, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Burmese, etc. -- but also by the preconceptions of American adherents.
		While it is certainly the case that many Americans have been attracted to Buddhism by its scholastic philosophy and theories of consciousness, it is important to keep in mind the centrality of practice for Buddhism.
	www.newciv.org /CyberSangha/Sneak2.html (2124 words)

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