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Topic: Buginese language

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	[No title]
		Buginese literature was studied extensively by B. Matthes (a Dutch missionary) in the 19th century.
		The language known as Tai Lu is in use in northern Thailand and in Yunnan province of China.
		The Ugaritic language is Semitic, variously regarded by scholars as being a distinct language related to Akkadian and Canaanite, or a Canaanite dialect.
	www.unicode.org /Public/TEXT/UTR-3.TXT (12590 words)

	Buginese language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Therefore, this language is closely related to the languages from the western part of the Malay Archipelago, such as Javanese, Madurese and Sundanese.
		Buginese is also related to languages from the eastern part of the archipelago such as Malay.
		Buginese was traditionally written using the Lontara script, of the Brahmic family, which is also used for the Makassar language and the Mandar language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Buginese_language (679 words)

	Classification, Identification and
		Languages no longer need to be listed and catalogued as a vast array of independent objects, belonging to rival and often warring communities.
		For practical purposes, a standard written language may be defined as a language whose form is largely fixed by means of a system of graphic conventions, established and exemplified by the publication of a large corpus of texts (normally in thousands or more).
		Most such languages are already provided for under the ISO 639-1 Alpha-2 code, and it would be helpful if the use of combined LRF/ISO tags of the form Numeric-2 plus Alpha-2 could be specifically confined to the identification of standard written languages (including their standard spoken forms, wherever these are modelled on the written language).
	xml.coverpages.org /ISO-WG1-N077.html (4503 words)

	Dying Languages; Ormuri
		There are fewer than 300 languages with more than one million native users; half of all languages have fewer than 10,000 users and a quarter of the worlds spoken languages and most of the sign languages have less than 1,000 users.
		The language according to Carla is spoken by pockets of people living in the northern ends of several valleys in the Northern Areas and across the borders in the mountainous Pamir regions of China, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan.
		Their language is known as Ormuri although the words Baraki, Bargista, Barakey have also been used for the language by the historians and linguists in the past.
	www.khyber.org /publications/016-020/ormuri.shtml (6275 words)

	Knowledge-Language-Fact
		22.French Sign Language (FSL) was brought to the United States in 1816 by Thomas Gallaudet, founder of the American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut, whom developed American Sign Language (ASL).
		The name comes from his pen name, Dr. Esperanto, which in the language means one who hopes." Based on Indo-European roots with a simple grammar, it was intended to be an international second language that people from different countries could learn easily and use to communicate.
		36.The language with the largest number of consonantal sounds was that of the Ubykns in the Caucasus, with 82.
	www.geocities.com /ultrastupidneal/Knowledge-Language-Fact.html (853 words)

	Buginese - Test for Unicode support in Web browsers
		The Buginese range was introduced with version 4.1 of the Unicode Standard, and is located in Plane 0, the Basic Multilingual Plane.
		The Buginese script is used to write the Buginese language, which is used on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi.
		The characters that appear in the “Character” columns of the following table depend on the browser that you are using, the fonts installed on your computer, and the browser options you have chosen that determine the fonts used to display particular character sets, encodings or languages.
	www.alanwood.net /unicode/buginese.html (222 words)

	[No title]
		Language capability will be recorded on the DD Form 1966 series (Record of Military Processing Armed Forces of the United States) on page 1 and in the "remarks" section.
		General Language testing is given to Army members who have received foreign language training at Government expense, who claim knowledge of a foreign language as a result of civilian education, residence in a foreign country, or family usage, or whose records indicate previous language study.
		These personnel, trained in a foreign language in preparation for a specific assignment, continue to be identified as linguist assets after their initial use and are routinely considered for subsequent linguist assignments.
	www.fas.org /irp/doddir/army/ar611-6.htm (11791 words)

	Language Summary
		A language is a system of arbitary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures or written symbols which communicate thoughts or feelings.
		2: (language) communication by word of mouth; "his speech was garbled"; "he uttered harsh language"; "he recorded the spoken language of the streets" [syn: speech, speech communication, spoken communication, spoken language, voice communication, oral communication]
		Language: A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia.
	www.bookrags.com /Language (405 words)

	alibata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Origins of Alibata :: Although the major languages of the Philippines are now written using the Roman alphabet, the languages were first represented using a script related to and directly or indirectly derived from the scripts of India.
		The Buginese origin of the Philippine scripts best accounts for the fact that the Philippine scripts cannot represent the final consonants of syllables, since Buginese has the same limitation.
		In Buginese, however, this limitation is not as noticeable, since fewer words in the language have these final consonants.
	www.alibata.org /alibata/alibata_alpha.html (341 words)

	indahnesia.com - Sulawesi - Wealth of idiom and ideology - Discover Indonesia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The languages on the island all belong to the huge Austronesian family, which stretches over almost half the world from Madagascar to Easter Island.
		A growing number of youngsters have it as their mother tongue, which is caused by a strict language policy which is used in all layers of Indonesian education.
		The Makassarese as well as the Buginese are known for their tradition of written history.
	www.indahnesia.com /indonesia.php?page=SULLAN (772 words)

	Indonesia - Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Austronesian is a family of agglutinative languages spoken in the area bounded by Madagascar in the western Indian Ocean and Easter Island in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
		In the early 1990s, it was primarily the language of government bureaucracy, schools, national print and electronic media, and interethnic communication.
		In many provinces, it was the language of communication between Chinese shopkeepers and their non-Chinese patrons.
	countrystudies.us /indonesia/42.htm (392 words)

	Ethnologue: Indonesia, Sulawesi
		Mandar, Mamuju, and Pitu Ulunna Salu are separate languages in a language chain.
		A distinct language; not a dialect of nearby Napu or Kaili.
		Wolio is the former court language of the Sultan at Baubau and a few surrounding communities, and formerly used by the nobility in the region.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/Inds.html (5539 words)

	Bugis Religion
		The Bugis or Buginese are one of the three major cultures of South Sulawesi (Sulawesi is also called Celebes).
		Bugis call themselves Ugi' or ToUgi' and speak a Western Austronesian language.
		There are also important Bugis setttlements, mainly on the coast, throughout Indonesia including Kalimantan, Flores, Malaku, and Irian Jaya.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/indon/bugis.html (1084 words)

	[No title]
		For the emergence of language planning as an administrative science and a quasi discipline in the middle of the twentieth century parallels the massive increase in new nation-states emerging from decolonization.
		Thirdly: We the sons and daughters of Indonesia uphold as the language of unity the Indonesian language.
		That this new national language, known by all to be in fact in the process of ‘development’ and contributing to the development of the nation at the same time, has met with widespread acceptance requires a closer look.
	www.epwijnants-lectures.com /sl1.html (9033 words)

	GPD for the PDA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Though there are undoubtedly Buginese today who show hospitality to strangers, they still have a reputation for being unfriendly to anyone from the outside.
		Missionaries tried to reach the Buginese for hundreds of years before their efforts bore fruit during the 1930s when 10,000 members of this Islamic people group received the Lord.
		Buginese "Christians" either recanted their faith or died at the hands of the Japanese military.
	www.global-prayer-digest.org /pda/daily/2005-5-6.html (340 words)

	Orthography Examples (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Attempts have been made in the twentieth century to write Buginese in the Roman alphabet.
		According to Poppe (1964), the classical written language is still used by Khalkhas and Buryats for private purposes.
		Written Russian comes from Cyrillic, which replaced the original Church Slavonic script during the language reform in the middle of the eighteenth century.
	logos.uoregon.edu /explore/orthography/examples.html (240 words)

	Travelling to Indonesia (South Sulawesi)
		Situated on the crossroads of well traveled sea-lanes, its capital and chief trading port of Ujung Pandang, is till today the gateway to eastern Indonesia.
		The capital town of Wajo Regency is well-known for its silk weaving and therefore is the center of Buginese silk.
		This area is populated by the Buginese ethnic group, known for their crossing to other islands as traders of silk, sarongs and other material.
	www.emp.pdx.edu /htliono/sulsel.html (2097 words)

	Buginese Reference
		Buginese is spoken on the island of Celebes, Indonesia.
		The Buginese alphabet is believed to have had its origin in Java.
		Like the other languages of Indonesia, Buginese is of the Malayo-Polynesian family.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Buginese.htm (167 words)

	The IIAS as International Meeting Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A few doors down the corridor, some of their colleagues are busy studying the Arabic world, while others are involved in collecting information on Coptic frescoes in order to pass it on to modern-day monks in Egypt.
		The Minor Language and Literature subjects serve as crucial girders to the image of the Netherlands as an international meeting place.
		In the old days it was sometimes thought that studying a foreign language or culture had something of an exotic ring to it.
	www.iias.nl /iiasn/iiasn5/nuis.html (1404 words)

	SEI: Unicode Scripts Research
		It is still used as a liturgical language by Christian communities in Syria, Lebanon and Iraq, and is still spoken by small numbers of people in Azerbaijan, Iraq, Turkey, Israel, Iran, Armenia, Georgia, Lebanon and Syria.
		It is used exclusively by the Dongba (shamans/priests) as an aid to the recitation of ritual texts during religious ceremonies and shamanistic rituals.
		Use of the Naxi language and script was discouraged after the Communist victory in 1949, and they were actively suppressed during the Cultural Revolution in the 60s when thousands of manuscripts were destroyed.
	linguistics.berkeley.edu /sei/USR.html (7458 words)

	Atom Voyages \| South of Sulawesi - Sailing through Indonesia
		The island has a population of about 10,000, and majority of whom are the seafaring Bugis people who have settled among the islands of southern Sulawesi.
		In the Buginese language Bone Rate means “sent from above”, a reference to the myth of the Bugis man from Makassar who first discovered the island.
		It is said he put a handful of powdery white sand in his pockets when he left the island as proof of his discovery.
	www.atomvoyages.com /articles/sulawesi.htm (1772 words)

	Unicode Buginese Lontara Font Support from XenoType Technologies
		Historically, the Bugis script was used to write the Buginese, Makassarese and Bimanese languages.
		The Buginese script requires a few special features, including graphic transposition and ligatures, to display text properly but these things are all handled automatically by the features in our font.
		The term ‘Buginese’ is commonly used but we have opted for the more natural name ‘Lontara.’ It is expected that the Unicode Consortium will adopt the same designation.
	www.xenotypetech.com /osxBugis.html (191 words)

	Creating Buginese Wikipedia \| Wikipedia \| Wikitech
		My proposal of buginese language receives consensus from the wikis and me
		buginese wikipedia (both of us are native to the buginese.) This proposal
		Buginese (code bug - ISO 639-2) has now been moved to the "approved requests"
	www.gossamer-threads.com /lists/wiki/wikitech/44356 (400 words)

	The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language 2nd Edition - D. Crystal, Abaza, Achehnese, Acholi, Adamawa, Adangme, Afrikaans, ...
		This Second Edition of The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language presents a mass of new information and introduces the subject of language to a fresh generation of students and general readers.
		Probably the most successful general study of language ever published, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language covers all the major themes of language study, including popular ideas about language, language and identity, the structure of language, speaking and listening, writing, reading, and signing, language acquisition, the neurological basis of language, and languages of the world.
		There is new material on acoustics, physiological concepts of language, and World English, and a complete update of the language distribution maps, language-speaking statistics, table of the world's languages, and further reading.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Products/102908.htm (426 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles
		The Buginese cluster (also known as the Bugis) includes the Buginese and four other closely related groups: the Maiwa, the Mamuju, the Mandar, and the Pattae'.
		Except for the Buginese of Malaysia, all of these tribes live in the South Sulawesi Province of central Indonesia.
		They speak a distinct dialect that is very prestigious since it is the trade language of the area.
	www.global12project.com /2004/profiles/clusters/8045.html (907 words)

	Do the Buginese writing script have numbers? - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		i think Buginese writing script is the most related to philippine script and lingust believe buginese may be the ancestor of philipipine script.
		I learn writing bugis language when I was in elementry school....
		Makassarese and Buginese used the same letters 'Lontara'' And she said that there is no number characters in Makassarese.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=23098 (383 words)

	index.gif (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Podesva, Robert J. Constraints on geminates in Buginese and Selayarese.
		Podesva, Robert J. The effects of foot structure in syllable-timed languages: The cases of Buginese and Toba Batak.
		Responsibilites included acoustic and phonological analyses of the consonant and vowel systems of Buginese and Toba Batak and the development of an electronic bibliography of linguistic work on the languages of Indonesia.
	www.stanford.edu /~podesva/cv.htm (999 words)

	Eden's Page:Scripts of all of Asia
		North Indian script are to the left and South Indian scripts are in the middle, then the Arabic based scripts are on the right.
		For example purposes, the letter "k" is used in all languages.
		Many irregularities exist when connecting vowels, especially in Southern Indian languages, so, please do not rely soley on this chart to explain how vowels connect.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Academy/9594/index.html (748 words)

	Exhibit A - 22 October 2006 - Theatre guru Robert Wilson
		That's 17 hours of music, but I staged the whole work silently first, so I look at only the relationship of the different characters and what the visual story is telling.
		Julie Copeland: I'm interested, yes, that there is a visual language that you're thinking in and there's an audio language.
		But perhaps the body is moving after than we think, but there is a language there.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/exhibita/stories/2006/1768430.htm (2946 words)

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