Buginese-language - Factbites

Buginese-language - Factbites
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Topic: Buginese-language

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	Buginese language
		Buginese is the language spoken by about four million people, mainly in the southern part of Celebes, in Indonesia.
		Language Problems and Language Planning International multi-lingual journal that publishes articles primarily on political, sociological, and economic aspects of language and language use.
		Colon-Language-Center Language Center in Hamburg, Germany, is a large institute which offers language classes in German as a foreign language as well as classes in 18 other languages plus language travels in 20 different countries.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Buginese_language.html

	Makassar language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Makassar language is a member of the Austronesian language family.
		Makassar (sometimes spelled Makasar or Macassar) is both a language and a writing system used by the people in South Sulawesi island (Celebes) in Indonesia.
		Although Makassarese is now often written with the Roman alphabet, it is still widely written in its own distinctive script, also called Lontara, which once was used also to write important documents in Bugis and Mandar, two related language from Sulawesi.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Makasar_language

	LANGUAGE - Definition
		Language is generic, denoting, in its most extended use, any mode of conveying ideas; speech is the language of articulate sounds; tongue is the Anglo-Saxon tern for language, esp.
		This is the primary sense of language, the use of which is to communicate the thoughts of one person to another through the organs of hearing.
		Idiom denotes the forms of construction peculiar to a particular language; dialects are varieties if expression which spring up in different parts of a country among people speaking substantially the same language.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/language

	UTR-3.TXT
		[Several articles also cited.] Sirk, U. The Buginese Language.
		The Ugaritic language is Semitic, variously regarded by scholars as being a distinct language related to Akkadian and Canaanite, or a Canaanite dialect.
		The language known as Tai Lu is in use in northern Thailand and in Yunnan province of China.
	sunsite.lanet.lv /ftp/mirror/unicode/TEXT/UTR-3.TXT

	Embassy of Indonesia Ottawa - Indonesian People
		Its lexicon and structure is mainly based on the Malay language enriched by Indonesia 's lexicon of her multi-local languages and dialects.
		Languages and dialects spoken and written over the whole of the Indonesian archipelago, 150 to 250 in number, are usualy clasified according to the above mentioned ethnic denominations.
		On the island of Sulawesi in the north are the Minahasas and in the center the Torajas, and in the southern part, Makasarese and the Buginese.
	www.indonesia-ottawa.org /page.php?s=1000people

	Buginese - Test for Unicode support in Web browsers
		The Buginese script is used to write the Buginese language, which is used on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi.
		The Buginese range was introduced with version 4.1 of the Unicode Standard, and is located in Plane 0, the Basic Multilingual Plane.
		The characters that appear in the “Character” columns of the following table depend on the browser that you are using, the fonts installed on your computer, and the browser options you have chosen that determine the fonts used to display particular character sets, encodings or languages.
	www.alanwood.net /unicode/buginese.html

	Dying Languages; Ormuri
		The language according to Carla is spoken by pockets of people living in the northern ends of several valleys in the Northern Areas and across the borders in the mountainous Pamir regions of China, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan.
		Their language is known as Ormuri although the words Baraki, Bargista, Barakey have also been used for the language by the historians and linguists in the past.
		There are fewer than 300 languages with more than one million native users; half of all languages have fewer than 10,000 users and a quarter of the worlds spoken languages and most of the sign languages have less than 1,000 users.
	www.khyber.org /publications/016-020/ormuri.shtml

	Malay language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Bahasa Malaysia became the sole official language of Malaysia in 1968, but English is still widely used, especially by the minority Chinese and Indian communities, and because of its importance as the language of international business, and the situation in Brunei is similar.
		It is also used as a working language in (A former Portuguese colony that was annexed by Indonesia in 1976; voted for independence from Indonesia in 1999 and in May 2002 became an independent nation) East Timor.
		The latter term, which was introduced by the National Language Act 1967, was predominant until the 1990s, when most academics and government officials reverted to the older term, which is used in the Malay version of the Federal Constitution.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/M/Ma/Malay_language.htm

	Malayo-Polynesian languages
		The Malayo-Polynesian languages tend to use reduplication (repetition of all or part of a word) to express the plural, and like other Austronesian languages have a low entropy; that is, a text is quite repetitive in terms of the frequency of sounds.
		The Malayo-Polynesian (MP) languages are divided into two major subgroups, the Western MP and the Central-Eastern MP.
		Micronesian includes the languages spoken by the native peoples of Micronesia such as Gilbertese or Nauruan.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Malayo-Polynesian_languages.htm

	Major languages (from Austronesian languages) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Major Austronesian languages include Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilokano, Hiligaynon, Bikol, Waray, Kapampangan, and Pangasinan of the Philippines; Malay, Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Minangkabau, the Batak languages, Acehnese, Balinese, and Buginese of western Indonesia; and Malagasy of Madagascar.
		The Slavic languages are most closely related to the languages of the Baltic group (Lithuanian, Latvian, and the now-extinct Old Prussian), but they share certain linguistic innovations with the other eastern Indo-European...
		The Slavic languages are a group of related languages within the Indo-European family.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-75187

	ar611-6.htm
		General Language testing is given to Army members who have received foreign language training at Government expense, who claim knowledge of a foreign language as a result of civilian education, residence in a foreign country, or family usage, or whose records indicate previous language study.
		These personnel, trained in a foreign language in preparation for a specific assignment, continue to be identified as linguist assets after their initial use and are routinely considered for subsequent linguist assignments.
		Language capability will be recorded on the DD Form 1966 series (Record of Military Processing Armed Forces of the United States) on page 1 and in the "remarks" section.
	www.fas.org /irp/doddir/army/ar611-6.htm

	INDONESIA TOURISM : GENERAL INFORMATION, CLIMATE, RELIGION, LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS
		Some of the distinctly different local languages are: Acehnese, Batak, Sundanese, Javanese, Sasak, Tetum of Timor, Dayak, Minahasa, Toraja, Buginese, Halmahera, Ambonese, Ceramese, and several Irianese languages.
		In all tourist destination areas English is the number one foreign language fairly spoken and writer, whereas some Dutch is till spoken and understood in the bigger cities and French increasing in its popularity at the better hotels and restaurants.
		Bahasa Indonesia is the national language which is akin to Malay, written in Roman script and based on European orthography.
	www.indonesia-tourism.com /general/climrel.html

	indahnesia.com - Sulawesi - Language and literature - Wealth of idiom and ideology - Discover Indonesia Online
		The Makassarese as well as the Buginese are known for their tradition of written history.
		The people speak five related, but separate languages: Makassarese, Mandarese, Toraja, Massenrempulu and Buginese, the biggest language of Sulawesi which is spoken by about 4 milion people.
		A growing number of youngsters have it as their mother tongue, which is caused by a strict language policy which is used in all layers of Indonesian education.
	www.indahnesia.com /indonesia.php?page=SULLAN

	Knowledge-Language-Fact
		The name comes from his pen name, Dr. Esperanto, which in the language means one who hopes." Based on Indo-European roots with a simple grammar, it was intended to be an international second language that people from different countries could learn easily and use to communicate.
		22.French Sign Language (FSL) was brought to the United States in 1816 by Thomas Gallaudet, founder of the American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut, whom developed American Sign Language (ASL).
		15.Tigrinya, spoken by half of Eritrea's population, is a Semitic language based on Ge'ez, the ancient liturgical (and now extinct vernacular) language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.
	www.geocities.com /ultrastupidneal/Knowledge-Language-Fact.html

	Buginese - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Buginese
		Buginese is not available in the Hutchinson encyclopedia.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
		You may also use the word browser links:
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Buginese

	Singapore - Ethnic Categories
		Those people who in Indonesia were members of such distinct ethnic groups as Acehnese, Minangkabau, Buginese, Javanese, or Sundanese were in Singapore all considered "Malays." Indians comprised people stemming from anywhere in pre-1947 British India, the present states of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, and from Sri Lanka and Burma.
		Although the ethnic categories were meaningful in the Singaporean context, each subsumed much more internal variation than was suggested by the term "race." Chinese included people from mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, as well as Chinese from all the countries of Southeast Asia, including some who spoke Malay or English as their first language.
		Singapore has never had a dominant culture to which immigrants could assimilate nor a common language.
	www.countrystudies.us /singapore/15.htm

	Buginese Unicode Fonts
		The Buginese script is used on parts of the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia for writing the Buginese/Bugis language.
		It was also used to write the Makassar, Bimanese, and Madurese languages.
		The other vowels are indicated by a mark above, below, to the left, or to the right of the letter, depending on the vowel.
	www.travelphrases.info /gallery/Fonts_Buginese.html

	The IIAS as International Meeting Point
		In the old days it was sometimes thought that studying a foreign language or culture had something of an exotic ring to it.
		The Minor Language and Literature subjects serve as crucial girders to the image of the Netherlands as an international meeting place.
		Frits Staal, who in his 1991 report sparked a fundamental debate in the Netherlands on the position of what we call the "Minor Language and Literature".
	iias.leidenuniv.nl /iiasn/iiasn5/nuis.html

	From "You, Toradja" to "We Toraya": Ethnicity in the Making
		The importance of kin ties is reflected in the language in which parents are refered to by the names of their children, children are named after dead relatives, and aunts, uncles, and cousins are commonly referred to as mothers, fathers, and siblings.
		Where Buginese and Javanese consultants only see marketable exotica, the Toraja still revere their houses and rituals as not only a connection to the past but as the right way of doing things.
		Although turn of the century ethnographers attempted to type groups by physical appearance, differences were so vague and overlapping that their efforts at racial demarcation had to be given up.
	www.hawaii.edu /cseas/pubs/explore/v2/v2n1-sandra.html

	Vaelen.Org
		For locales with a country code as well as a language code the Accept-Language header is set to "language-country, language, English".
		For locales with only a language code the Accept-Language header is set to "language, English".
		It also fixes a bug in the language pack installer scripts.
	www.vaelen.org /languagemenu

	Joshua Project - Peoples by Country Profiles
		The Buginese cluster (also known as the Bugis) includes the Buginese and four other closely related groups: the Maiwa, the Mamuju, the Mandar, and the Pattae'.
		Except for the Buginese of Malaysia, all of these tribes live in the South Sulawesi Province of central Indonesia.
		They speak a distinct dialect that is very prestigious since it is the trade language of the area.
	www.joshuaproject.net /peopctry.php?rop3=101703&rog3=MY

	Production First Software Encyclopedia of Typography and Electronic Communication : S
		Scripting language text, comprised of individual commands, is placed in a script file, the contents of which are then executed at a later time by the operating system or application.
		Some identical languages (Croatian and Serbian) are written in different scripts (Latin and Cyrillic, respectively); while the same script may be used to write different languages, some of which can also be represented in their native script (Latin script for Germanic and Romance languages, Japanese (Romaji), Pinyin Chinese, and Urdu).
		The ability to use a scripting language requires a separate interpreter for that language, which may be available on different platforms.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/profirst/s.htm

	GPD for the PDA
		Buginese "Christians" either recanted their faith or died at the hands of the Japanese military.
		Missionaries tried to reach the Buginese for hundreds of years before their efforts bore fruit during the 1930s when 10,000 members of this Islamic people group received the Lord.
		The Buginese Muslim majority collaborated with the Japanese and convinced them that the Christians were potential rebels.
	www.global-prayer-digest.org /pda/daily/2005-5-6.html

	Buginese Reference,
		Like the other languages of Indonesia, Buginese is of the Malayo-Polynesian family.
		Buginese is spoken on the island of Celebes, Indonesia.
		The Buginese alphabet is believed to have had its origin in Java.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Buginese.htm

	Orthography Examples
		According to Poppe (1964), the classical written language is still used by Khalkhas and Buryats for private purposes.
		Written Russian comes from Cyrillic, which replaced the original Church Slavonic script during the language reform in the middle of the eighteenth century.
		Attempts have been made in the twentieth century to write Buginese in the Roman alphabet.
	logos.uoregon.edu /explore/orthography/examples.html

	Technical Services Dept. -- Cataloging Manual L6:A86
		Language textbooks, readers, grammar, and phrase books for CJK languages, regardless of the language of most of the text.
		Translations of books originally written in one of the CJK languages, unless the translation is also in one of these languages.
		The languages most heavily represented are Thai, Indonesian, Malay, Vietnamese, and Tagalog; however, many other languages of the region will be collected in smaller numbers.
	www.asu.edu /lib/techserv/manualL6A86.htm

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:BDL
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		Known as Bayo and Turijene in the language of Macassar.
		Other Bajau languages are in Sabah, Malaysia, and the southern Philippines.
	www.ethnologue.org /show_language.asp?code=BDL

	Atom Voyages South of Sulawesi - Sailing through Indonesia
		In the Buginese language Bone Rate means “sent from above”, a reference to the myth of the Bugis man from Makassar who first discovered the island.
		It is said he put a handful of powdery white sand in his pockets when he left the island as proof of his discovery.
		The island has a population of about 10,000, and majority of whom are the seafaring Bugis people who have settled among the islands of southern Sulawesi.
	www.atomvoyages.com /articles/sulawesi.htm

	The Jakarta Post - The Journal of Indonesia Today
		Written in the ancient language of the Buginese language in Lontara characters, the epic is composed of several episodes, each telling a different story.
		They convey the attributes of good leadership, the fundamentals of democracy, the values of the Buginese community and the skills of the Buginese people in making voyages.
		The main characters' incredible adventures relate the cosmology of the ancient Buginese.
	www.thejakartapost.com /yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20031002.R01

	index.gif
		Podesva, Robert J. The effects of foot structure in syllable-timed languages: The cases of Buginese and Toba Batak.
		Responsibilites included acoustic and phonological analyses of the consonant and vowel systems of Buginese and Toba Batak and the development of an electronic bibliography of linguistic work on the languages of Indonesia.
		Podesva, Robert J. Constraints on geminates in Buginese and Selayarese.
	www.stanford.edu /~podesva/cv.htm

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In the News (Mon 28 May 12)