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Topic: Bulgar language

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	Bulgars
		Bulgars (also Bolgars) - thought to have been originally a Turkic people of Central Asia, the Bulgars moved west by the mid-7th century AD to found a state on the lower-middle Volga river.
		The group subsequently split into two, the Western Bulgars giving their name to present-day Bulgaria, where they assimilated with the land's earlier Slavic settlers after subjugating the country in 680.
		Chuvash language[?] is thought to be descendant of old Bulgar language.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bu/Bulgars.html (93 words)

	bulgarians - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The modern Bulgarians are descendants of two peoples - the Bulgars, a nomadic people from Central Asia who settled in the Balkans in the 7th century, as well as of a number of southern Slavic tribes who had done the same a century earlier.
		The Bulgars were later assimilated by the Slavs, who outnumbered them, but their name was retained.
		The Bulgarian language is also sometimes mutually intelligible with Russian on account of the influence which Russian has had on the development of Modern Bulgarian since 1878.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Bulgarians (1771 words)

	Rasho Rashev - On the origin of the Proto-Bulgarians (1992)
		It is that the Turkic linguistic remains and elements of material culture represent exclusively the language and the culture of the Proto-Bulgarian military-administrative and clan leadership.
		An indirect indication could be the Turkic language of the Danubian Proto-Bulgarians, reflected in the Namelist of the Bulgarian rulers, in the Byzantine chroniclers and in the Bulgarian stone inscriptions.
		This way, the proper Bulgar tribes (in the steppe zone) and the mixed, in the process of total Slavicisation, population of the Penkovka culture were situated in the path of Asparukh in the mid-VII c.
	www.kroraina.com /bulgar/rashev.html (5042 words)

	Bulgarian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Bulgarian is an Indo-European language a member of the South branch the Slavic languages along with Macedonian Serbo-Croatian and Slovenian.
		The Bulgarian language is closely related the Macedonian language and some Greek and linguists claim that they are the same although this is a controversial political issue Macedonian language).
		Bulgarian demonstrates several linguistic innovations that set apart from other Slavic languages such as elimination of noun declension the development of a suffix definite article (possibly inherited from the Bulgar language taken from Albanian) the lack of verb infinitive and the retention and further development the Proto-Slavic verb system.
	www.freeglossary.com /Bulgarian_language (616 words)

	General Catalog - Bulgarian
		Languages offered by this department that can be used for the major are Russian, Polish, Czech, Serbian/Croatian, Bulgarian, and Hungarian.
		Up to two upper division language courses in the Slavic Department, taken in addition to the initial four semesters of language, can be counted toward this requirement.
		All candidates for the Ph.D. must pass a written and oral examination in their major Slavic language and demonstrate reading knowledge of at least two languages other than their major language (to be selected from French, German, and a second Slavic language).
	sis.berkeley.edu /catalog/gcc_view_req?p_dept_cd=BULGAR (2259 words)

	Bulgarian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bolgar language, a member of the Turkic language family or the Iranian language family (Pamir languages), is otherwise unrelated to Bulgarian.
		The first mention of the language as the "Bulgarian language" instead of the "Slavonic language" comes in the work of the Greek clergy of the Bulgarian Archbishopric of Ohrid in the 11th century, for example in the Greek hagiography of Saint Clement of Ohrid by Theophylact of Ohrid (late 11th century).
		The languages which have contributed most to Bulgarian are Latin and Greek (mostly international terminology), and to a lesser extent French and Russian.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bulgarian_language (5210 words)

	landlordbg.com Information about Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The migration of Bulgars to the European continent started as early as the 2nd century AD when branches of Bulgars settled on the plains between the Caspian and the Black Sea.
		In the 6th and 7th century, the Bulgars formed an independent state, often called Great Bulgaria, between the lower course of the Danube to the west, the Black and the Azov Seas to the south, the Kuban river to the east, and the Donets river to the north.
		Between the 7th and the 10th centuries, the Bulgars were gradually absorbed by the Slavs, adopting a South Slav language and converting to Christianity (of the Byzantine rite) under Boris I in 864.
	www.landlordbg.co.uk /about_bulgaria.php?page=03 (4828 words)

	History of the Macedonian People from Ancient times to the Present - Part XVII, by Risto Stefov
		In the absence of a Bulgar heir, an uprising was organized by the Comitopoloi brothers David, Moses, Aaron and Samoil, sons of Duke-Comes Nikola.
		With the strengthening of Pravoslav and Bulgar rule in Macedonia the decline of tribal self-government among the Macedonians was accelerated.
		With the collapse of Bulgar rule and in the absence of Pravoslav forces, the rebellion was successful and the four brothers decided to rule their newly established state jointly.
	www.maknews.com /html/articles/stefov/stefov37_print.html (9877 words)

	Volga Bulgaria, Khan Kubrat, Kotragh, by Neytcho Iltchev
		The capital Bulgar profited as a transshipment point in the trade between the fur-selling Ugrians and Russians of the far north and the southern civilizations - Byzantium, the Muslim Caliphate of Baghdad, and Turkistan.
		Bulgar and Buljar, in area and population, largely surpassed London, Paris, Kiev, Novgorod and Vladimir at that time.
		Bulgars and Tatars interchangeably with the moniker Tatar prevailing in the end.
	www.angelfire.com /nb/nbulgaria/bulgaria/volgabul.htm (632 words)

	Ibn Fadlan. On the way to the country of Turkis - www.ezboard.com
		The language of the Proto-Bolgars, reportedly similar to the Khazar language, belonged to the latter type.
		The Turkic Bulgars who did not move into the Danube valley, who held to the wild eastern steppes, eventually were pushed by Khazar expansion northward up the Volga valley in the lands around the city Kazan where they formed a significant Islamic or Muslim Bolgar khanate.
		Bulgar and Sawir (Suvar or Chuvash) are some of the descendants of the Turks as noted by the Khazar King as well.
	p083.ezboard.com /fbalkansfrm12.showMessage?topicID=2599.topic (9325 words)

	Phonetic model of the old Bulgar language
		The language of the Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars, Vocabulary and grammar
		This is characteristic neither for the Slavic nor for the Thracian languages.
		The reason for that is the frequent use in the Pamirian languages of the suffixes -I and -GI.
	members.tripod.com /~Groznijat/b_lang/bl_phonet.html (869 words)

	Bulgaria the Slavs and the Bulgars
		The immigration of the first Bulgars overlapped that of the Slavs in the seventh century.
		Of mixed Turkic stock (the word Bulgar derives from an Old Turkic word meaning "one of mixed nationality"), the Bulgars were warriors who had migrated from a region between the Urals and the Volga to the steppes north of the Caspian Sea, then across the Danube into the Balkans.
		In A.D. 630 a federation of Bulgar tribes already existed; in the next years the Bulgars united with the Slavs to oppose Byzantine control.
	www.country-studies.com /bulgaria/the-slavs-and-the-bulgars.html (218 words)

	Turks of Bulgaria, Assimilation Policy, Linguistic Oppression
		Turkish is a Turkic language that belongs to the Ural-Altaic linguistic family.
		The rise of Bulgarian nationalism, the closure of Turkish schools between 1959 and 1970, the banning of the Turkish media and the usage of the Turkish language in private and public in 1984-1989 were the basis of the change of the locally spoken Turkish language.
		Bulgarian Turkish artists were forbidden to publish books in their own language and the books they had already published were taken off from library shelves and were destroyed (Simsir, 1986:25).
	www.ingilish.com /turksofbulgaria.htm (5498 words)

	Bulgaria - HISTORY
		The Bulgar tribes, who arrived in the seventh century from west of the Urals, have occupied the region continuously for thirteen centuries.
		After converting to Christianity and adopting a Slavic language in the ninth century, the Bulgarians consolidated a distinct Slavic culture that subsequently passed through periods of both expansionist independence and subordination to outside political systems.
		The literary language that emerged was much closer to the common vernacular, eventually making books accessible to a much wider readership.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/bulgaria/HISTORY.html (17836 words)

	«THE TATAR GAZETTE»
		So, for example, among Bulgars were spread a maturely developed tanning manufacture and the commerce, which then were passed on to the Kazan Tatars, but in the Chuvash society the development of these crafts and occupations is not noted.
		Chuvashes never called themselves Bulgars, but Kazan Tatars believed that their villages were founded by the descendants from Bulgaria, that their grandfathers, great-grandfathers were Bulgars, and often, down to the 20 c., called themselves Bulgars, counter to the name “Tatars”.
		The native language or the history of the people were not studied in then in medrese, the studies were limited to the Arabian, Persian or Turkish languages and the common Muslim history.
	tatar.yuldash.com /eng_168.html (5335 words)

	Bulgaria BABLEIZED babelized babbled babbelized bableize humour lampoon
		The central Asian race of Turkic which in order first Bulgarian of Bulgars to form state is merged with the inhabitant of local Slavic in the slow 7th century.
		From throb family has the culture which is stabilized, to maintain their itself languages, and substantially existing Rome and the social system of slavicized.
		You obtain, Bulgars was the soldier which crosses Danube which in the Balkan peninsula from area immigrates between Urals and Volga on north of step of the Caspian sea, and.
	paganfish.com /bable1Bulgaria.htm (520 words)

	Byzantium's Neighbours: 1. The Bulgarians
		At the end of the 6th century the Bulgars, a steppe race, invaded under their Khan Asparukh and conquered the Slavs, adopting a position similar to the Norman overlords in England.
		The original Bulgars were much feared cavalry, and judging by the illustrations they maintained this force (including horse archers).
		Pagan Bulgars were punished with death for negligence towards weapons and armor or riding a war-horse in peacetime.
	www.geocities.com /egfroth1/Bulgarians (2995 words)

	Bulgar language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There is variation of suppositions about its origins whether it was a Turkic language, or that it linked to the Pamiri languages of the Iranian language group.
		The Old Tatar language absorbed elements of the Bolgar language, because it appeared before the extinction of Bolgar.
		The rulers of the First Bulgarian Empire preserved the Greek as the official state language until the 9th century when it was replaced by Old Slavonic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bolgar_language (300 words)

	Bulgaria
		The national language is Bulgarian, a South Slavic language of the Indo-European language family, which uses the Cyrillic script.
		The Slav and Bulgar elements are then understood to have merged into one ethnic-cultural group, particularly after the official adoption of Byzantinerite Christianity in 864 unified them around a common religion.
		The local Slavic language became the language of liturgy and state administration, diminishing the ecclesiastical and cultural influence of Byzantium.
	www.everyculture.com /Bo-Co/Bulgaria.html (6366 words)

	Arthur Evans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The language of the villagers remains Bulgars, and the deep underlying instinct of race are only held in ternporary suspense.
		The friends of Greece can only regret that she should be misled by such artificial pretensions; that she slrould grasp the shadow and lose the substance whiclh might have been found in an under standing, on a reasonable basis of give and take, wil1 her Slavonic neighbors.
		This great preponderance of the Bulgar element is a fundamental factor in the present situation, which has been much obscured by statistics drawn from Greek sources.
	www.bulgaria.com /VMRO/evans.htm (911 words)

	Chuvash people Summary
		In the first few centuries BCE the Turkic language family separated into two groups: the first now includes the Turkish spoken in Turkey and the Turkic languages spoken in the Russian Federation, Poland, Iran, Afghanistan, and China.
		Thus the Chuvash language and people play a key role in reconstructing most of what is known today of ancient Turkic religion.
		A gradual Islamization from the region of Khorezm, however, led to the Volga Bulgar emperor's acceptance in 922 of the religious authority of the caliph in Baghdad.
	www.bookrags.com /Chuvash_people (2004 words)

	Double Slavic-Bulgar words and expressions
		The Bulgar inscriptions discovered in the last decades reveal to us that some of the most characteristic features of the modern Bulgarian have their origin in the old Bulgar language.
		Similarly, the post-word definitive articles, which set modern Bulgarian apart from the rest of the Slavic languages, have their analogies in the lands to the east, previously inhabited by Bulgars.
		The Bulgar words were used by the Slavic inhabitants of the same territory, as well, and, naturally, there was created a single language.
	members.tripod.com /~Groznijat/b_lang/bl_double.html (578 words)

	The Economy and Economic History of Bulgaria
		First, the origin of the Bulgar State is in the region of the Volga River.
		Later the Bulgar tribes migrated west and established their state where Bulgaria is now located.
		The Bulgars were able to gain political recognition from the Byzantine Empire in 681 A.D. From the east with their capital at Pliska the Bulgarians gained territory to the west as far the Adriatic Sea and as far north as Belgrade.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/bulgaria.htm (5592 words)

	About the Bulgarian Language - Bulgaria Translation Company
		Bulgarian is an Indo-European language, a member of the South branch of the Slavic languages, along with Serbo-Croatian, and Slovenian.
		Historically it is divided into Old Bulgarian (9th to 11th century), Middle Bulgarian (12th to 15th century) and Modern Bulgarian (16th century onwards); the present-day written language was standardized in the 19th century.
		Some words and structures remain from the language of the Bulgars, the Central Asian people who moved into present-day Bulgaria and eventually adopted the local Slavic language.
	www.bulgariatranslation.com /aboutBulgarian.htm (190 words)

	Bulgars, Eastern. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Bulgars appeared on the Middle Volga by the 8th cent.
		The modern Tatars and Chuvash may be descended from the Eastern Bulgars.
		The Great Bulgar and the Bulgars themselves are sometimes called Bulgari or Bolgari.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bu/Bulgars.html (200 words)

	Bulgar tabloid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Return to the news life july visit to graceland her son bulgar tabloid is a bulletin bulgar tabloid board.
		Million cedis was bulgar tabloid imposed bulgar tabloid on tombstones cut burial costs in half bigmouth swami swallows himself.
		Bulgar tabloid copyright by education world submitted by gary hopkins national standards language skills see bulgar tabloid additional writing.
	tabloid.evalforyou.net /bulgar-tabloid.html (1636 words)

	GARY CRISTALL: Artists: The Flying Bulgar Klezmer Band
		Formed by trumpeter and leader David Buchbinder in 1987, The Flying Bulgars (the Bulgar in the group's name refers to a dance form not an ethnic group) were a product of the rebirth of interest in Yiddish culture in North America.
		After the founding of Israel in 1948, the Yiddish language and the art associated with it were marginalized by many Jews for whom Yiddish represented the ghettos of Eastern Europe and the holocaust.
		Since their founding in 1987 The Flying Bulgar Klezmer Band has worked consistently to develop a musical language that is specific to its place and time, rooted squarely in a folk tradition while embracing the possibilities of the present.
	www.garycristall.com /bulgar.shtml (1097 words)

	languagehat.com: BARBARIAN NAMES.
		The names of the Danube Bulgars offer an illustration of the pitfalls into which scholars are likely to stumble when they approach the complex problems of the migration period with their eyes fixed on etymologies.
		The Turkish etymology was challenged by Detschev; he assumed that Bulgar was the name given to the descendants of the Attilanic Huns by the Gepids and Ostrogoths and took it for Germanic, meaning homo pugnax.
		The supposed ethnicity of a group is a function of the ethnicity of its leader and his clan, and also of the language spoken in the leadership councils.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001869.php (2307 words)

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