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Topic: Bulgars

	Bulgars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Swept by the Hunnish wave at the beginning of the 4th century AD, other Bulgar tribes broke loose from their settlements in central Asia to migrate to the fertile lands along the lower valleys of the Donets and the Don rivers and the Azov seashore, assimilating what was left of the Sarmatians.
		After the defeat of the Huns in the Battle of Chalons on September 20, 451, and the subsequent disintegration of the Hunnish empire, the Bulgar tribes dispersed mostly to the eastern and southeastern parts of Europe.
		The khan’s eldest son, Batbayan (Bayan, Boyan), remained the ruler of the land north of the Black and the Azov Seas, which was, however, soon subdued by the Khazars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bulgars (930 words)

	Bulgars: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The history of bulgaria began in the 7th century ce with the arrival of the bulgars in the balkans....
		Khan kuber was a bulgar leader from the 7th century who was from the same clan as the danubian bulgarian khan asparukh was....
		(was the khan of the bulgars from 700 or 701-718....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bu/bulgars.htm (2807 words)

	Bulgars
		Bulgars (also Bolgars) - thought to have been originally a Turkic people of Central Asia, the Bulgars moved west by the mid-7th century AD to found a state on the lower-middle Volga river.
		The group subsequently split into two, the Western Bulgars giving their name to present-day Bulgaria, where they assimilated with the land's earlier Slavic settlers after subjugating the country in 680.
		Chuvash language[?] is thought to be descendant of old Bulgar language.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bu/Bulgars.html (93 words)

	Bulgaria.com - History, Rulers of Bullgaria - Khan Kubrat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He succeeded in uniting the Bulgar tribes in the lands north of the Caucasus, between the Kuban, the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea.
		And the Bulgar flag, a horsetail on a spear, was often seen cutting into enemy ranks during their raids into Byzantium in the Balkans.
		He led one of the Bulgar tribes west to the Danubian delta where he laid the foundations of the Bulgarian state, which was to survive for 13 centuries.
	www.bulgaria.com /history/rulers/kubrat.html (583 words)

	Bulgars articles on Encyclopedia.com
		Bulgars, Eastern BULGARS, EASTERN [Bulgars, Eastern], Turkic-speaking people, who possessed a powerful state (10th-14th cent.) at the confluence of the Volga and the Kama, E European Russia.
		The Bulgars appeared on the Middle Volga by the 8th cent.
		He defended Constantinople against the Bulgars under Simeon I and in 927 made peace with Simeon's son.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Bulgars (347 words)

	THE FIRST BULGARIAN STATE FORMATIONS
		One group of Bulgars settled in the plains of Northern Dagestan, and another settled in the territory of Caucasian Albania (present Azerbaijan), south of the Derbent pass.
		The Bulgars settled in the Northern Pontic, and closely related Khots settled in the lower course of Don, Utigs - in the lower and middle course of the Kuban.
		The Bulgars began to hold a prevailing position in the regions of the Northern Caucasus, Meotia and Northern Pontic.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/tatar/bulgar.html (7320 words)

	Bolgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bulgar profited as a transshipment point in the trade between the fur-selling Ugrians and Russians of the far north and the southern civilizations--Byzantium, the Muslim Caliphate of Baghdad, and Turkistan.
		With the conversion to Islam the Bulgar runic written language was slowly replaced by the Arabic alphabet and the Arabic written language.
		The main difference between the Chuvash and the Tatars is that the Chuvash are supposedly descendants of those Bulgars who did not accept Islam in 922 where as the Tatars called themselves Muslims, Bulgars and Tatars interchangeably with the moniker Tatar prevailing in the end.
	members.tripod.com /great-bulgaria/Bolgaria (785 words)

	K. Setton - The Bulgars in the Balkans and the Occupation of Corinth in the Seventh Century
		In 482 the Emperor Zeno is said to have sought the aid of the Bulgars against the Ostrogoths, [3] and from the 490's on the Bulgar tribesmen made frequent raids upon Thrace, Moesia, and Illyricum.
		Thus, assisting 'Kouver,' whom we believe to be the Bulgar Khan Kovrat, and to whom we shall return, in a bold intrigue against Thessalonica in the middle of the seventh century (as we believe) was a certain Mauros, apparently a Bulgar, who feigned flight to Thessalonica as a refugee seeking protection against his former lord.
		The raids of Bulgars and other new barbarians upon the Byzantine Empire became increasingly dangerous from the first years of Justinian's reign, and the contemporary historians Procopius and John Malalas, among others, are unhappy witnesses to the severity of their depredations.
	www.kroraina.com /bulgar/setton.html (14162 words)

	G. Ward Price. The Story of the Salonica Army. 1918. Chapters III-VI. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		By the afternoon of the next day the Bulgars were pressing so hard upon the French that they had fallen back to a front stretching from Furka through Bogdanci to Guevgheli, and it was the 10th Division's turn for its flank to be left in the air.
		It was not, of course, sure whether the Bulgar pursuit would stop at this political obstacle, and there was further a strong report that the Greeks were coming in against us, and that the communications of the division with Salonica were anything but safe.
		Our first encounter with the Bulgars as enemies had not been one to fill us with unmingled satisfaction, but at the same time there were many sound reasons for considering that the 10th Division had made the best of very unfavourable conditions.
	www.gwpda.org /memoir/Salonica/salon2.htm (12175 words)

	G. Ward Price. The Story of the Salonica Army. 1918. Chapters X-XIII. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Bulgars did not retire; they and the Serbs sat and looked at each other from behind their stone parapets, which ran about the hillsides, where it was too rocky to dig trenches, in a way that resembled those loose stone walls which divide the fields in North Wales.
		They persevered awhile, for the Bulgar is a stubborn fellow, but when the field-artillery opened on them with shrapnel, they turned first south, then east, then broke up and fled into the shelter of the nearest nullahs and the last seen of them was a line of men disappearing into Kalendra.
		Above these the Bulgar shrapnel burst from time to time in milk-white puffs, while the dense fl smoke of the heavier shells that were intended for the French batteries sprang up all round the outskirts of the place.
	www.gwpda.org /memoir/Salonica/salon4.htm (12030 words)

	Search Results for "Bulgars"
		Bulgars, Eastern, (bul´garz, -grz) (KEY), Turkic-speaking people, who possessed a powerful state (10th-14th cent.) at the confluence of the Volga and the Kama, E...
		Background:The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state.
		...1201 Peace with the Bulgars, who were allowed to retain most of the eastern Balkan area, under the younger brother of the Asens, Joannitsa (Kaloyan, 1197-1207).
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Bulgars (245 words)

	Wikinfo \| Bulgars
		Bulgars (also Bolgars) a people of Central Asia, probably originally Pamirian, whose branches became slavicized and perhaps Turkic over time.
		Western Bulgars led by Asparukh founded Bulgaria in 681 when they invaded the area, united and assimilated with its earlier Slavic and Thracian inhabitants.
		The Chuvash and Balkar languages are thought to be descendants of old Bulgar language.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Bulgars (219 words)

	AllRefer.com - Bulgars, Eastern (Peoples (except New World)) - Encyclopedia
		Bulgars, Eastern[bul´gArz, –gurz] Pronunciation Key, Turkic-speaking people, who possessed a powerful state (10th–14th cent.) at the confluence of the Volga and the Kama, E European Russia.
		The modern Tatars and Chuvash may be descended from the Eastern Bulgars.
		The Great Bulgar and the Bulgars themselves are sometimes called Bulgari or Bolgari.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Bulgars.html (274 words)

	Bulgars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bulgars (also Bolgar) - thought to have been originally a Pamirian people of Central Asia whose branches became slavicized & perhaps also Turkic over time.
		The simplified account is that Bolgars moved west from the lower-middle Volga river AD to control the second Avar Dynasty of Onoguria in the Ukraine by the mid-7th century.
		The Western Bulgars giving their name to present-day Bulgaria, where they assimilated with the land's earlier Slavic settlers after subjugating the country in 680.
	usapedia.com /b/bulgars.html (180 words)

	Central-Asian Nomads Unite! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Bulgars are known to have used a mixed cavalry with both breeds for different modes of attack.
		It appears that the 'disturbances' which caused the Bulgars to migrate to the south are linked to the expansion of the Huns in the East-European steppes.
		Specific to the Bulgars were the earthen cauldrons with inner ears, which are not found among the neighboring peoples and could be used for determination of the ethnical origin of archaeological finds where such cauldrons occur.
	members.tripod.com /great-bulgaria/Central-Asian-Nomads-Unite/origins.html (8213 words)

	Bulgaria.com - History, Rulers of Bulgaria - Khan Asparoukh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		And thus Asparukh founded a state of Slavs and Bulgars, binding his tribe with the tribal alliance of the seven Slavic tribes and the Severians.
		It is telling that in the historical sources from the end of the 7th to the beginning of the 10th century the new state is referred to as a Slav-Bulgar state.
		The Bulgars undertook the defence of the northern borders against the Khazar invasions, far beyond the Danube.
	www.bulgaria.com /history/rulers/asparoukh.html (824 words)

	Byzantium's Neighbours: 1. The Bulgarians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At the end of the 6th century the Bulgars, a steppe race, invaded under their Khan Asparukh and conquered the Slavs, adopting a position similar to the Norman overlords in England.
		The original Bulgars were much feared cavalry, and judging by the illustrations they maintained this force (including horse archers).
		Pagan Bulgars were punished with death for negligence towards weapons and armor or riding a war-horse in peacetime.
	www.geocities.com /egfroth1/Bulgarians (2995 words)

	Bulgarite.com: Bulgarite ot 320 BC do 681 AD ( V Dati) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bulgars and Khazars are blood relatives, with a common or similar language.
		Atilla, Kara Bulgar Yabgu, becomes Hun Kagan (445-453) upon death of Kagan Bled (434-445), the highest ruler from Caucasus to Danube.
		Bulgars living along lower Dniepr and Don are Kuturgur Huns.
	www.bulgarite.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=277&PN=1 (1134 words)

	July 26
		The Byzantines were perfumed and polished, the Bulgars were leather and horsehide.
		The Bulgars established their own independent kingdom between the Balkan Mountains and the lower Danube plus parts of modern day Romania under Khan Isperich (643-701).
		Khan Krum with the Bulgar army were waiting in the passes.
	webpages.charter.net /astroweaver/history/july26.html (1038 words)

	who were the Bulgars - History Forum
		The Bulgars who were left behind were then known as Volga Bulgars, as distinct from the Balkan Bulgars.
		The Bulgar Kingdom flourished in the eighth and nineth century, posing a serious threat to the Byzantine Empire.
		The ancient Bulgar Kingdom was conquered by the Byzantine Emperor Basil II in 1018.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=999 (2635 words)

	Mavi Boncuk: 13/06/04
		The Bulgars of the North Pontic area, at least the tribes west of the Don seem also to have fallen under the political control of the Avars in the 6th century.
		This Bulgar group is to be distinguished from the Bulgars that Grimwald and his son settled in Beneventum (Molise).
		The Bulgars - whose name is interpreted as 'mixed people-mixture'- part of a vast semi-nomadic horde speaking a Turkic language which ranged the steppes round the Sea of Azov in the fifth-seventh centuries, migrated under Khazar pressure from this 'Great Bulgaria' (as the Greeks called it) and reached the lower Danube about the year 660.
	maviboncuk.blogspot.com /2004_06_13_maviboncuk_archive.html (14868 words)

	«THE TATAR GAZETTE»
		So, for example, among Bulgars were spread a maturely developed tanning manufacture and the commerce, which then were passed on to the Kazan Tatars, but in the Chuvash society the development of these crafts and occupations is not noted.
		The traces of Bulgars are not preserved in the Chuvash mythology and folklore, but in the mythology and folklore of Kazan Tatars the Bulgarian contents are usual subjects [Boryngy..., 1963, 17-51].
		Chuvashes never called themselves Bulgars, but Kazan Tatars believed that their villages were founded by the descendants from Bulgaria, that their grandfathers, great-grandfathers were Bulgars, and often, down to the 20 c., called themselves Bulgars, counter to the name “Tatars”.
	tatar.yuldash.com /eng_168.html (5335 words)

	Mighty Monarchs V (Bulgars) - Medieval History Quiz
		Mighty Monarchs V covers the various rulers of the Bulgars from c.
		During this period the Bulgars were a force in the Balkan region and a constant threat to the Byzantine Empire.
		* This Khan of the Bulgars succeeded to the throne c.
	www.funtrivia.com /quizdetails.cfm?id=83187 (116 words)

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