
	Where results make sense

Topic: Bulghars

Related Topics

Great Bulgaria

History of Bulgaria

Asparukh

Macedonian Slavs

Turkic states and empires

Khazars

Turkic peoples

Origin of Albanians

Alexander of Bulgaria

Pomaks

Moesia

Bulgarian

Bokelji

Slavic peoples

Turkic languages

In the News (Sun 29 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Volga Ethnic Relations from Ibn Fadlan's Perspective
		The Bulghar king had accepted Islam in the early fourth (AH)/tenth (CE) century, a time of change resulting in the permanent incorporation of “large sections of the Central Asian Turkic populations…into the structure of the Islamic world” (In 349/960, 200,000 tents of Turks reportedly converted to Islam).
		Some of the Bulghars were merchants, traveling to the land of the Turks to acquire sheep, and obtaining sable and fl fox furs from the Wisu (the Ves, a Finnish people located near Beloye Lake).
		In the case of death in Bulghar territory, Muslim visitors and men of Khwarizm were washed and buried; though the women remained silent, men wailed, and slaves mourned penitentially.
	www.tamu.edu /chr/agora/summer03/Clouser.htm (5550 words)

	Ahmad ibn Fadlan - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		Ibn Fadlan was sent from Baghdad in 921 to serve as the secretary to an ambassador from the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir to the king of the Volga Bulgaria, Almış.
		They did reach the Bulghars, however, but the king, being annoyed at not receiving the promised sum, refused to switch from the Malekite rite to the Hanefite rite of Baghdad.
		It reached the Bulghars after much hardship on May 12 922 (12 Muharram 310) (This day is an official religious holiday in modern Tatarstan).
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=89821 (706 words)

	H®MAD B
		Nothing is known of Ebn Fazμla@n beyond what we glean from his account, which is apparently based on the official report which he made to the caliphal administration in Baghdad after he returned, though the story of the return journey has not survived.
		The Bulghars, however, were partly sedentarized and affected by Islam and its culture, though a substantial proportion of them still adhered to shamanism.
		Above all it involved furs from the more northerly forest zones of Russia and Siberia; the prosperity of the Bulghar state, strategically situated as it was for funneling the trade towards the Islamic lands, was essentially based on this commerce.
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/v1f6/v1f6a074.html (587 words)

	Saunders. History of Medieval Islam
		One of the main international trade routes of the age ran through the territory of the Bulghars, a Turkish race living in the region of the middle Volga, who accepted Islam before 921, in which year a mission from the Caliph Muktadir visited them and reported on life among this most northerly of Muslim peoples.
		The Bulghars in turn tried to convert the Russians, but Vladimir of Kiev decided in 988 in favour of Christianity, thereby barring Islam's advance into Eastern Europe.
		Most probably the Bulghars were converted by merchants from the Samanid kingdom, who also brought the faith to the Turks beyond the Jaxartes, nomads who did a brisk trade in sheep and cattle with the frontier towns.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/med/saunders.html (3955 words)

	Hurstwic: Pagan Religious Practices of the Norse
		To the Slavic residents of the area, these Norse traders were known as the "Rus".
		Ibn Fadlan, a member of the Arab deputation to the Bulghars, wrote about his encounters with the Rus traders.
		He wrote that when the traders arrived at the dock of the market place, they disembarked from their boats, carrying "bread, meat, onions, milk, and alcohol [mead]" and went to a tall piece of wood, carved with faces, set in the ground.
	www.hurstwic.org /history/articles/mythology/religion/text/practices.htm (5466 words)

	Mongolia - HISTORY
		The kuriltai also decided to launch a campaign against the Bulghars, Turks in the region of Kazan on the middle Volga River, and to complete the conquest of the outlying Western Xia territories.
		The Bulghars were defeated in 1236, and in December 1237 Subetei and Batu led an army of 600,000 across the frozen Volga River.
		While deliberately stalling in Bulghar in 1241, Batu founded Sarai (near modern Leninsk, Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) on the lower Volga River, as the capital of his Khanate of Kipchak, best known to history as the Golden Horde.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/mongolia/HISTORY.html (18249 words)

	The Influence of Islamic Coins on the Russian Monetary System
		All bear the mint name of either Suwer or Bulghar, and were produced in the names of the local rulers: Yaltavar (before 338 AH/949 CE), Talib bin Ahmad (338-347 AH/949-958 CE), and Mikhail bin Ja’far (after 347 AH/958 CE).
		Anonymous dirhams imitating Samanid coins were also struck by the Volga Bulghars, many times bearing tamghas, as well as the keeping the original dates and mint names of their Samanid prototypes (see Album N1481-Q1481).
		It is believed that Varangian trade with the Volga Bulghars, Khazars and the Samanid dynasty in Central Asia caused dramatic outflow of fine silver coin out of the silver rich Panjhir Valley.
	www.islamiccoinsgroup.50g.com /ArtRassian.htm (2777 words)

	Smbat Sparapet's Chronicle, Cilician Armenian History, Byzantine History, Bulgars
		Thus Basil attacked him with numerous troops, was defeated by [the Bulghars], and returned in disgrace.
		When the infidels who were in Jerusalem saw such confusion, they attacked [g20] the [Christian] houses of prayer killing without mercy, to the point that the blessed Church of the Resurrection was filled with blood.
		In the year 460 A.E. [1011] Basil again entered [the land of the] Bulghars, destroying the West, poisoning to death King Ali Osman, and taking his wife and son back to Constantinople.
	rbedrosian.com /css2.htm (3231 words)

	A short description of Volga Bolgharic r-Turkic
		well, of course the element volga is a scholarly term, to distinguish them from the danube bulghars.
		so this weak overlap with arabic is taken advantage of in volga bulghar (this feature is also present in anatolian turkish in perso-arabic script - however anat.
		well, the state was called "bulghar" and the r turkic inscriptions
	members.tripod.com /~groznijat/fadlan/volga_bolgharic.html (491 words)

	Smbat Sparapet's Chronicle, Cilician Armenian History, Byzantine History, Ani, Caucasian Aghvanians, Abkhaz History
		But [the Bulghars] cried out in unison to God and then turned upon the Byzantines, putting Emperor Michael to flight and destroying the Byzantine forces.
		Michael reached Constantinople alone, since [the Bulghars] had stripped him of his provisions and troops.
		Then the Bulghars reigned [in their own land], having freed themselves from service [to the Byzantines].
	rbedrosian.com /css3.htm (2929 words)

	History of Medieval Khurasan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Khurasan was thus an international entrepôt, with merchants coming not only from Iraq, India and Egypt, but also from Russia, and Vikings from Scandinavia to trade with the Bulghars and Khazars on the Caspian Sea.
		Political instability within the Samanid, Bulghar and Khazar empires at the end of the C10th caused a decline in this international trade, and the Samanids had to yield their authority to their western neighbours, the Buyids, who were in the ascendant over the ‘Abbasid caliph.
		By this stage factions within the Samanid ruling class had led to the supremacy of the Ghaznavids: this Turkish dynasty started out as servants of the Samanids, and Mahmud of Ghazna (969-1030) had risen to command their army.
	islamicceramics.ashmol.ox.ac.uk /Samanids/history.htm (698 words)

	WeekOneResponses
		Turkish officers proved themselves to be worthy of “high rank, commanding armies, governing provinces, sometimes ruling as independent princes.” From 933 until the Fatimid conquest in 969, a Turkish family, Ikhshidids, ran Egypt.
		Around this time, one of the main trade routes ran through the territory of the Bulghars.
		The Bulghars were a Turkish race living the Middle Volga region who had accepted Islam before 921.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst373/WeekOneResponses.html (1738 words)

	Saunders. History of Medieval Islam
		One of the main international trade routes of the age ran through the territory of the Bulghars, a Turkish race living in the region of the middle Volga, who accepted Islam before 921, in which year a mission from the Caliph Muktadir visited them and reported on life among this most northerly of Muslim peoples.
		The Bulghars in turn tried to convert the Russians, but Vladimir of Kiev decided in 988 in favour of Christianity, thereby barring Islam's advance into Eastern Europe.
		Most probably the Bulghars were converted by merchants from the Samanid kingdom, who also brought the faith to the Turks beyond the Jaxartes, nomads who did a brisk trade in sheep and cattle with the frontier towns.
	www.h-net.org /~fisher/hst373/readings/saunders.html (4021 words)

	Shortage (Old) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is clear then that trade between the Muslims and the Vikings began in the C8th.
		The coins from north-eastern Iran passed easily into the hands of traders on the steppes, who in their turn traded with the Russians, the Bulghars in the Volga region, and the Khazars on the shore of the Caspian.
		However, the cessation of silver flow to Scandinavia after 970 does not necessarily suggest there was no more silver; instead, when we look at the political situation of the late C10th, we see the destruction of the Khazar and Bulghar empires, and the decline of the Samanids themselves.
	islamicceramics.ashmol.ox.ac.uk /Samanids/shortage-old.htm (649 words)

	Saunders. History of Medieval Islam
		One of the main international trade routes of the age ran through the territory of theBulghars, a Turkish race living in the region of the middle Volga, who accepted Islam before921, in which year a mission from the Caliph Muktadir visited them and reported on life amongthis most northerly of Muslim peoples.
		The Bulghars in turn tried to convert the Russians, butVladimir of Kiev decided in 988 in favour of Christianity, thereby barring Islam's advance intoEastern Europe.
		Most probably the Bulghars were converted by merchants from the Samanidkingdom, who also brought the faith to the Turks beyond the Jaxartes, nomads who did a brisktrade in sheep and cattle with the frontier towns.
	ismaili.net /mirrors/72_islam/saunders.html (3612 words)

	Kievan Rus Database (City: Vladimir and Suzdal) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the 12th century, the princes of Vladimir-Suzdal, cut in on the lucrative Volga trade routes once shared between Novgorod and the Volga Bulghars.
		But the wealth of the north also depended on demographic and military expansion into the fur-producing lands, control of which had long been disputed with the Bulghars.
		Churches in Vladimir were influenced by Georgian churches, which were influenced by Armenian churches, which in turn were influenced by early Syrian churches.
	members.aol.com /bksmyre/City_Vladimir_and_Suzdal.html (202 words)

	HIST H640 27724 The Rus, Khazars, & Bulgars: Ambition & Competition in Heart of Central Eurasia, 8th-13th Century
		Representing the last, spectacular bloom and power of pastoral nomadism, the Mongol Empire swept up Central Eurasia, wrecking in the process numerous state formations, including that of the Bulghars and Rus.
		Of the three “states,” only that of Rus has much of a historiography, partly explained by the complete disappearance of the other two by the 13th century and the cultural tradition that has claimed continuity between Rus and the Russian Empire through Muscovy.
		Challenging that tradition, while analyzing the extant sources revealing the parameters of Khazar and Bulghar history, this course will examine the three kaganates in all of their aspects and interrelations.
	www.indiana.edu /~deanfac/blfal05/hist/hist_h640_27724.html (344 words)

	Body
		There was a city called Bulghar on the River Volga, near the River Kiama in the land of the Bulghars also known as Bulgaria!
		The second syllable of the word "Bulgaria" is of central Asiatic origin being found in the name of Kash-ghar in the plateau of Pamir, where some of Tubal once lived.
		The Bulghars conquered the native Slavs in that land.
	www.servantsnews.com /sn9612/s961224.htm (2432 words)

	A short description of Volga Bolgharic r-Turkic
		well, of course the element volga is a scholarly term, to distinguish them from the danube bulghars.
		so this weak overlap with arabic is taken advantage of in volga bulghar (this feature is also present in anatolian turkish in perso-arabic script - however anat.
		well, the state was called "bulghar" and the r turkic inscriptions
	www.kroraina.com /fadlan/volga_bolgharic.html (491 words)

	Book: Science in the Medieval World
		Before discussing the contributions of these nations, he has a chapter on those nations that did not show an interest in science.
		The nations that did not cultivate science include Slavs, Bulghars, fl people.
		The explanation that Sa'id gives for their lack of interest is the environmental conditions they live in: The extreme coldness of the northern zone blunts the sharpness of understanding and perception.
	www.wakeup.org /anadolu/06/3/book.html (866 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)