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Topic: Bulk flow

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	bulk-online \| Ask Lyn
		Differential flow contours may be created by wall frictional drag or the imposition of preferential draw down by underlying material but the essential nature of this flow mode is that internal deformation of the mass is not essential for the material to move.
		The internal flow channel tends to expand gradually through the bed, to draw from a cross section that is replenished by material that drains down the surface of a repose cone.
		Flow inserts and mechanical devices can also be used to diffuse the material during filling, but some care is needed to ensure that the results reduce segregation and do not exacerbate it or introduce other undesirable consequences.
	www.bulk-online.com /Ask/askme.php?id=17 (3813 words)

	Bulk material liquid addition apparatus and method - Patent 6656525
		The flow direction is reversed in a second spray station, which operates to expose an opposite surface of the pellets, such that the second spray section coats substantially the remainder of the outer surface of the pellets.
		The bulk material flows from the top conditioning section into a liquid application section in which, again, under the influence of gravity feed, the material is presented to a liquid spray which applies the liquid coating or additive to essentially one side (the side exposed to the spray) of the individual pellets or particles.
		The bulk material flows, under the influence of gravity, down to the lower edge of surface 102, which surface is preferably a planar surface oriented at an incline to vertical, and the material exits through an opening between lower edge 104 and side wall 106 of a second subsection of the flow conditioning section.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6656525.html (3553 words)

	Some aspects of surface friction, adhesion and wear in the gravity flow, handling and belt conveying of bulk solids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The corresponding angles for plane flow are α = 22° for ø = 30° and α = 35° for ø = 20°.
		It is necessary for the mass flow hopper to have a diameter at least equal to the critical pipe dimension D at the transition with the funnel flow section of the bin.
		Once flow is initiated the stress field on the hopper switches from a peaked stress field for the filling condition to an arched stress field for the emptying condition, the latter providing wall support for the bulk material leading to a reduced load on the feeder.
	www.saimh.co.za /Beltcon/Beltcon3/paper39.html (8398 words)

	ERPT - 992Q Bates
		To describe the flow behaviour of bulk material in a structured manner, definitions of local flow regimes are set out that represent specific zones of flow, as characterised by boundary conditions that are common in that region of the flow channel.
		Bulk flow is essentially a three-dimensional phenomenon and a massive distinction exists between flow channels that change dimensions in two planes to those that only alter in cross section in a single plane
		In practical bulk storage containers these zones of local flow behaviour take place in various combinations according to the geometry of the container, the properties of the bulk material and their interface characteristics, to give various global patterns of behaviour.
	www.erpt.org /992q/bate-02.htm (752 words)

	Ask Joe! Archived Article, Flow in Bulk Storage Bins, by Lyn Bates
		The formation of a stable flow obstruction over an outlet or within a flow channel due to the bulk strength of the material exceeding the unconfined failure strength at which the span of the arch would collapse because of the stresses acting on the mass.
		The formation of a stable flow obstruction resulting from the particulate constituents coming together to form a load bearing arch that is capable of sustaining the superimposed forces acting from the flow channel.
		The phenomena are characterized by regions of dilated bulk material under the moving arched region, as flow is restrained by the temporary impediment to smooth deformation of the mass.
	www.powderandbulk.com /pb_services/ask_joe_archive/flow_in_bulk_storage_bins.htm (983 words)

	Apparatus for filling bags with flowable bulk material and method of adjusting the apparatus - Patent 5168906
		The rate of gravity flow of bulk material in the duct is regulatable by an adjustable flow restrictor which is adjusted, each time a different bulk material is gathered into metered quantities, in such a way that the rate of flow is just below that rate which causes the descending material to clog the duct.
		The flow regulating device is movable up and down to thereby increase or reduce the cross-sectional area of the passage or path for the flow of a metered quantity of bulk material from the hopper into the duct.
		The ode of operation is normally such that the flow regulating device is held in the lower position at the time the contents (i.e., a metered quantity of a weighing or a metering vessel) are dumped into the hopper for the flow regulating device.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5168906.html (5695 words)

	Storage of Bulk Solids in Silos
		When flowing downwards in the hopper, the bulk solid is compressed in the horizontal direction so that the walls of the hopper carry a larger part of the weight of the bulk solid and, hence, the vertical stress in the lower part of the hopper is clearly smaller than after filling.
		In case of fine grained, cohesive bulk solid, the reason of arching is the strength (unconfined yield strength) of the bulk solid which is caused by the adhesion forces acting between the particles.
		The borders between funnel and mass flow, which result from the calculations of Jenike [7], are shown in figure 4a for the wedge shaped hopper and in figure 4b for the conical hopper.
	www.dietmar-schulze.de /storage.html (3251 words)

	Re: Bulk flow of granular medium
		Nenad is working on subjects such as flow in silos, particle infiltration and segregation due to size, airfoil flows, fluid-rock interaction and crack formation in rocks (looking at crack propagation in rock and granular soild modelling both fluids and solid/rock using some elaborate form of DEM).
		Bulk flow of granular medium - joel davison, Thu, 1 Nov 2001, 7:30 a.m.
		Re: Bulk flow of granular medium - joel davison, Thu, 1 Nov 2001, 7:48 a.m.
	www.cfd-online.com /Forum/main_archive_2001.cgi?read=19749 (218 words)

	Bulk process machinery FAQ page for bulk solids applications and systems
		A bulk solid is, by its very nature, a non-homogeneous, non-isotropic assemblage of individual particles that vary in size, shape, surface roughness, moisture content and chemical composition.
		Derived from basic powder flow properties, the recently developed flow indices quantify various basic powder flow phenomena related to blenders, feeders, chutes, bins and tableting presses.
		The indices technique, although developed specifically for predicting flow in hoppers, feeders and chutes, shows great promise in the broader application of characterising the rheological properties of various formulations.
	www.bulkprocessequipment.com /material_handling_questions.htm (346 words)

	Home - Material Flow Solutions
		Material Flow Solutions is owned and operated by Dr. Kerry Johanson who has 20+ years consulting experience in solving bulk powder handling problems.
		Material Flow Solutions is dedicated to providing cost effective engineered solids flow solutions based on measurement of key flow properties.
		Our flow property testing capabilities extend to measuring flow properties of bulk solids at process conditions from -20 deg F to 1800 deg F with a full range of humidity conditions.
	www.matflowsol.com (504 words)

	Solids Handling Technologies - Homepage
		Consulting services include the evaluation of bulk solids flow properties and the generation of recommendations for bin and feeder designs to ensure reliable solids flow.
		The field of bulk solids handling was developed due mainly to the work of Dr. Andrew W. Jenike, who pioneered the theory of bulk solids flow.
		The scientific approach to the storage and flow of bulk solids that was developed in the 1950’s is still relevant today.
	www.solidshandlingtech.com (332 words)

	Chapter 20. TCP Bulk Data Flow
		(For a one-way flow of data such as file transfer, it is the size of the transmit buffer on the sending side and the size of the receive buffer on the receiving side that matters.) The common default of 4096 bytes for both is not optimal for an Ethernet.
		The congestion window is flow control imposed by the sender, while the advertised window is flow control imposed by the receiver.
		Telnet and Rlogin use urgent mode from the server to the client because it's possible for this direction of data flow to be stopped by the client TCP (i.e., it advertises a window of 0).
	www.kuzbass.ru /docs/stevens/eng-html/tcp_bulk.htm (6216 words)

	PHIL LIGRANI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The effects of imposed bulk flow unsteadiness on film cooling effectiveness and surface heat transfer in turbulent boundary layers are investigated as applied to the turbines of gas turbine engines.
		Flows in several different swirl chambers are investigated to understand physical mechanisms responsible for augmenting surface heat transfer rates relative to two-dimensional flow in the same passage geometry.
		Flows in curved channels and ducts are of interest both because of the opportunities they provide for fundamental investigations of transitional phenomena, and because of the diversity of their practical applications.
	www.eng.utah.edu /~ligrani (6689 words)

	JAIC 1994, Volume 33, Number 3, Article 2 (pp. 247 to 255)
		In this process, consolidant solution flows in bulk toward the surface, and the solvent evaporates there, leaving behind a high concentration of consolidant in the surface layers.
		In this case water-soluble extractives are carried to the surface where the water evaporates, leaving the extractives behind, causing objectionable patterns of discoloration on the surface.
		The results have shown that there is consolidant migration during solvent evaporation by bulk flow from the interior toward specimen surfaces.
	aic.stanford.edu /jaic/articles/jaic33-03-002.html (3203 words)

	Shellflow Finds No Flow
		The preliminary flow measured is only 80 ± 150 km/s, suggesting that most of the mass responsible for the motion of the LG lies within 6000 km/s, a result consistent with the work discussed in the previous article.
		Thanks to many new peculiar velocity surveys, such as Shellflow, the picture of cosmological bulk flows seems to imply "convergence" of the flow field within 6000 km/s (to the CMB dipole value), with a mix of low and high-amplitude bulk flow measurements on larger scales.
		Our ability to compare and establish a clear picture of bulk flows on larger scales is hampered by the size, poor sampling, and discordant geometries of current surveys.
	www.noao.edu /noao/noaonews/sep99/node4.html (652 words)

	Powder Testing Equipment and Powder Test Methods for the characterisation of Bulk Solids
		Bulk material flow characteristics are assessed from shear strength measurements.
		The results reflect initial material failure conditions at the initiation of gravity flow and are used to indicate the size of the hopper outlet required for reliable discharge.
		The sensitivity of a bulk material to change of flow behaviour with settlement and compacting loads is brought out by the Ajax load/compaction device.
	www.ajax.co.uk /powdertest.htm (818 words)

	Noncontact bulk flow measurement - LB 442 non-contact belt weigher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The LB 442 bulk flow measuring system is used for the precise mass flow determination of solid matter in a variety of conveyor systems.
		The LB 442 provides both the flow rate as well as totaling the mass of solid matter over an individually selectable measuring range from 0-200 kg/h up to 0-10,000 t/h.
		The evaluation unit calculates the mass flow rate based on the detector signal and the belt speed input from the tachometer.
	berthold.com.au /industrial_pages/LB442.html (522 words)

	Sect. 4, Ch. 2: Bulk Flow: The Mechanism of Ventilation or Breathing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Bulk Flow: The Mechanism of Ventilation or Breathing
		Air, like water or blood, flows from a region of higher to lower pressure by bulk flow.
		The lung is stretched during inspiration, so when the inspiratory muscles relax, the lung recoils to compress the alveolar gas volume.
	www.lib.mcg.edu /edu/eshuphysio/program/section4/4ch2/s4ch2_2.htm (121 words)

	X-Ray Inspection - Bulk Flow - MPI Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Where there is a significant risk of inherent contamination in a food product, it makes sense to inspect before the product is packed, on a bulk flow conveyor.
		Safeline has developed an X-Ray system specifically for bulk flow inspection: the Type 40B which is within the Series 40.
		The Type 40B inspection system is able to check for dense contamination in virtually any product that can pass along a conveyor in a continuous stream, such as dried fruits and vegetables, nuts, spices, grain and rice.
	www.mpiaust.com.au /products/xrbf.htm (206 words)

	Bulk processing equipment manufacturers of bulk solids and material handling systems
		Manufacturers of bulk solids equipment and industrial material handling systems - conveying, screening, mills, sifters, drying, blending / agitating, mixing, valves, bulk storage flow, and more.
		They offer Diamondback Hopper, Indicizers to calculate material flow properties, Cone-In-Cone anti-segregation bin, and the Diamo-Cone to turn hoppers into a conical or V-shaped blender.
		Laidig's high performance reclaim systems are integrated in steel or concrete vertical silos, dome storage structures or flat storage warehouses with storage of up to 3,000,000 CF with reclaim delivery rates as high as 1000 CFM.
	www.bulkprocessequipment.com /products.htm (568 words)

	Heat Exchangers for heating or cooling powder and bulk solids - Bulkflow Technologies.
		Heat Exchangers for heating or cooling powder and bulk solids - Bulkflow Technologies.
		This is where you’ll learn more about our welded plate heat exchanger and mass flow design and how our technology is used to heat or cool powder and bulk solids.
		Visit our booth at the South East Powder and Bulk Solids Conference in Atlanta, Georgia from May 11-12, 2005.
	www.bulkflow.com (178 words)

	Bulk Flow Measurement
		The contactless measurement and the lack of moving parts, allow a precise determination of the mass flow without any wear to the systems components.
		The intensity of radiation, coming from a specially designed radiation source, is measured by a scintillation counter after it has passed the material and the conveying system.
		Prospect bulk flow meter LB 442 (English language, pdf, 620 KB)
	www.berthold.com /ww/en/pub/prozessmesstechnik/pcclassic/pcclbulkflow.cfm (189 words)

	NESC0586: PLENUM, Bulk Flow Distribution in Cylindrical Reactor Coolant Inlet Plenum, Potential Flow
		DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM OR FUNCTION - Bulk flow distribution in a cylindrical reactor coolant inlet plenum is calculated using potential flow theory.
		UNUSUAL FEATURES OF THE PROGRAM - The code approximates bulk fluid motion through large cylindrical headers in circumstances where details of the flow, such as boundary layer effects, may be neglected.
		Flow Theory to Reactor Coolant Circulation, Proceedings of the
	www.nea.fr /abs/html/nesc0586.html (461 words)

	Bulk flow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The bulk flow is solved by means of a artificial compressible method.
		The method is called the artificial compressibility technique due to the relation between the pressure, the density and the artificial speed of sound
		Eq.(10) will not describe the flow correctly in time, but as the solution converges to steady state, the time dependent term in Eq.(10) vanishes and the continuity equation, Eq.(1) is satisfied.
	www.cfdnorway.no /projects/free_surf/fagrapport1998/node7.html (201 words)

	Secretory Bulk Flow of Soluble Proteins Is Efficient and COPII Dependent -- Phillipson et al. 13 (9): 2005 -- THE PLANT ...
		Secretory Bulk Flow of Soluble Proteins Is Efficient and COPII Dependent -- Phillipson et al.
		One remaining inconsistency of the bulk flow model is that efficient
		of the bulk flow marker PAT and the ER resident calreticulin
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/13/9/2005 (8108 words)

	The Biology of Free Will (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		At a critical temperature difference between the top and the bottom, a phase transition occurs: bulk flow begins as the lighter, warm water rises from the bottom and the denser, cool water sinks.
		Energy flow is of no consequence unless the energy can be trapped and stored within the system where it circulates to do work before dissipating.
		The developmental paths of tissues and cells are seen to be constrained or canalized to `flow' along certain valleys and not others due to the `force' exerted on the landscape by the various gene products which define the fluid topography of the landscape.
	www.ratical.com /co-globalize/MaeWanHo/freewill.html (7551 words)

	Another Look at the Abell Cluster Inertial Frame Bulk Flow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Abstract: Recently, use has been made of the relationship between absolute magnitude, M, and galaxy structure, for the first ranked galaxies in Abell clusters out to 15,000 km/s, in a determination of a large bulk flow for this volume (Lauer & Postman 1994).
		This differs from the Local Group velocity inferred by the CMB dipole, implying that the ACIF has a bulk flow of 738 +/- 158 km/s toward l=330 deg, b=+45 deg (+/- 26 deg).
		relation in this type of analysis of bulk flow motion, as it results in considerably tighter flow constraints.
	www.iac.es /galeria/agraham/Preprints/bf.html (327 words)

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