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	Ad exstirpanda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ad exstirpanda is the incipit designating a papal bull issued on May 15, 1252, by Pope Innocent IV, which was confirmed by Pope Alexander IV on November 30, 1259, and by Pope Clement IV on November 3, 1265.
		It explicitly authorized the use of torture for eliciting confessions from heretics during the Inquisition and explicitly condoned the practice of executing relapsed heretics by burning them alive.
		The bull conceded to the State a portion of the property to be confiscated from convicted heretics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ad_extirpanda (127 words)

	Medieval Inquisition
		Ad Extirpanda effectively established a police state in Italy and is noteworthy for having introduced the use of torture into inquisitorial procedure, and for explicitly condoning burning alive at the stake for relapsed heretics.
		¶ Later Bulls served to refine this legislation, and it is interesting to see amendments being made constantly in response to specific demands or problems that arose in the work of inquisitors: personal letters written by the Pope carry the force of Bulls.
		was first authorized by Innocent IV in his Bull Ad exstirpanda of 15 May, 1252, which was confirmed by Alexander IV on 30 November, 1259, and by Clement IV on 3 November, 1265.
	jmgainor.homestead.com /files/PU/Inq/mi.htm (4470 words)

	The Inquisition - LoveToKnow 1911
		In the kingdom of France there was a special official, the procureur des encours (confiscation in the matter of heresy), whose duty it was to collect the personal property of the heretics, and to incorporate their landed estates in the royal domain; in Languedoc crying abuses arose, especially under the reign of Alphonse of Poitiers.
		From the very beginning the papacy strengthened this organization by depriving the Spanish metropolitans, by the bull of the 25th of September 1487, of the right of receiving appeals from the decisions given jointly by the', bishops of the various dioceses, their suffragans and the apostolic inquisitors, and by investing the inquisitor-general with this right.
		The torture, to the practice of which the Spanish Inquisition certainly added new refinements, was originally very much objected to by the Spaniards, and Alphonso X.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /The_Inquisition (10577 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This frenetic activity of Innocent IV culminated with the Bull Ad Extirpanda, 'to extirpate', which 'sought to render the civil power completely subservient to the Inquisition, and prescribed the extirpation of heresy as the chief duty of the state'.
		Later Bulls served to refine this legislation, and it is interesting to see amendments being made constantly in response to specific demands or problems that arose in the work of inquisitors: personal letters written by the Pope carry the force of Bulls.
		All the later bulls, including those of Innocent IV, were added by Boniface VIII in 1298.
	www.mosquitonet.com /~prewett/burman.html (607 words)

	bull - definition of bull by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		bull - mature male of various mammals of which the female is called `cow'; e.g.
		The bull is killed many times in the bull-fight, and the bull does not come into the the ring out of desire.
		Another bugle blast - the gate flies open, the bull plunges in, furious, trembling, blinking in the blinding light, and stands there, a magnificent creature, centre of those multitudinous and admiring eyes, brave, ready for battle, his attitude a challenge.
	www.thefreedictionary.com.cob-web.org:8888 /bull (986 words)

	The Creation of Unity through Persecution - Carrie Koch and Dr. Carl Edwin Lindgren
		Popes and secular rulers agreed that heresy threatened unity and in 1184, the church responded with the papal bull Ad abolendam.
		The results of the investigation were read before a large audience and penalties ranged from visits to churches and the wearing of the cross of infamy (yellow cross), to imprisonment for life, death by burning, and excommunication.
		The struggle between Boniface VIII and Philip ended with the bull Esti de statu in July 1297, granting kings the right to tax the clergy when the kingdom was in danger without consulting the Pope.
	users.panola.com /aaghs/persecution.html (6050 words)

	The Christian Church and its concept of justice - the Inquisition
		In 1252 he issued a bull Ad extirpanda which explicitly authorised the use of torture, seizure of goods and execution, all on minimal evidence.
		When he tried to mount a defence on behalf of the Order he was told that "in cases of heresy and the faith it was necessary to proceed simply, summarily, and without the noise of advocates and the form of judges".
		It was this Inquisition that was responsible for burning the foremost philosopher of the Italian renaissance, Giordano Bruno, in 1600; and for inducing the foremost scientist, Galileo, to recant under the threat of torture.
	www.heretication.info /_inquisition.html (4480 words)

	Cathars - France.com
		Catharism was a Gnostic heretical movement that originated around the middle of the 12th century AD.
		The repressive measures were terrible, in 1245, the royal officers assisting the Inquisition seized the heretical citadel of Montségur, and 200 Cathari were burned in one day.
		Moreover, the church decreed severe chastisement against all laymen suspected of sympathy with the heretics (council of Narbonne, 1235; Bull Ad extirpanda, 1252).
	www.france.com /docs/72.html (1374 words)

	Jim Brooks Forgery In Christianity Chapter 7
		The aforesaid Bull 'Ad Extirpanda' remained thenceforth a fundamental document of the Inquisition, renewed or reinforced by several popes, Alexander IV (1254-61), Clement IV (1265-68), Nicholas IV (1288-92), Boniface VIII (1294-1303), and others.
		From his predecessors he knew that the earth revolved around the sun, and how the plane of the ecliptic was designed; he calculated the inclination of earth's axis to the pole as the angle of 23 1/2 degrees, and thus verified the obliquity of the ecliptic, and explained the succession of the seasons.
		By exquisite calculations he added 1/1623 of a day to Callipsus' estimate of 365 1/2 days for the length of the solar year; and is said to have invented a hemispherical sundial.
	members.tripod.com /jbrooks2/Forgery_In_Christianity_7.html (10669 words)

	Encyclopedia of Religious Freedom -- Sample Entries
		In 1231 Pope Gregory issued the bull Ille humanis generis authorizing the first papally appointed inquisitor, a German Dominican, to seek out heresy in his region and bring such cases as he found to trial, abjuration (recantation), and penance.
		Pope Innocent IV (1243-1254) formalized the office of "inquisitor of heretical depravity" in 1243, and sanctioned torture in his 1252 bull Ad extirpanda to secure confessions from uncooperative suspects.
		Pope Sixtus IV (1471-1484) complied in November, issuing a bull of institution permitting their "Most Catholic Majesties" to appoint three inquisitors in Spain.
	www.routledge-ny.com /religionandsociety/relfreedom/inquisition.html (2593 words)

	CalendarHome.com - 1250s - Calendar Encyclopedia
		Significant political developments in Europe included the lack of a Holy Roman Emperor for most of the decade, further erosion of the power of the monarchy in England and Portugal, the end of the failed Seventh Crusade in Egypt, and the expulsion of the Jews from France and the Moors from Portugal.
		In religion, a papal bull authorized the use of torture in the Medieval Inquisition, and the Catholic church clarified the concept of purgatory.
		1252 - May 15 - Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull ad extirpanda, which authorizes the torture of heretics in the Medieval Inquisition.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /1250s.htm (1511 words)

	Did Woman Evolve from the Beasts?
		It should be stressed that, in saying that the language of the “second description” is “closer to the language of the myths known at that time” (emphasis added), the Pope is not saying or implying that Genesis 2 is itself a “myth”.
		Man is dependent on his Creator and subject to the laws of creation and to the moral norms that govern the use of freedom.” Again, this kind of “symbolic” understanding of Genesis 2: 17 is entirely in accord with the ancient and constant tradition of the Catholic Church.
		Its release and loss from the individual for procreative purposes is no “mutilation”; and so, reasons Thomas, neither would the loss of Adam’s rib for the sake of the new species have constituted any kind of penalty or mutilation.
	www.kolbecenter.org /harrison.eve.html (10764 words)

	Auto-Da-Fe Auto-De-Fe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The reason for this course was because the Inquisition, when it condemned a person, was able to sequester his property.
		Innocent IV., in his bull "ad extirpanda," fixes five days as the longest period of delay.
		In Spain it was customary to carry out the sentence immediately after its proclamation, which was so timed as to occur upon some feast-day, when the populace would be at liberty to witness the burning.
	www.isfsp.org /auto.html (1978 words)

	The Bishop's Weekly Column from the Parish Bulletin
		Schulte proceeds with another Bull of Pope Paul IV., issued in the year 1559[48] which is rightly described in the collection of Papal Bulls under the title of ‘Renewal of previous censures and punishments against heretics and schismatics, with the addition of further penalties.’
		This Bull is simply a disciplinary law with a penal threat, but is no definition on doctrine; this is clear for two reasons.
		The penalty pronounced for the particular cases specified in the Bull was the penalty of excommunication.
	www.olfatima.com /Fessler7.html (8459 words)

	[No title]
		In 1325 a Papal Bull 'Cum inter nonnullos' declared that it was heresy to say that Jesus and his Apostles were poor.
		The Papal Bull of MAy 15, 1252 authorized the Inquisitors to sieze the goods of heretics in Italy, to imprison them, torture them, and on conviction, put them to death, all on minimal evidence.
		But the church's deceit was exposed by a Bull from the Pope Leo X in 1521, issued as a reponse to the Senate of Venice which had refused the numerous executions ordered by the Inquisition.
	www.starfirescircle.com /inquis.txt (2237 words)

	LT119 - Torture and Corporal Punishment as a Problem in Catholic Theology: Part II. The Witness of Tradition and ...
		The Digest (A.D. 533) is basically an organized compilation of quotations from earlier Roman Law decisions, legal principles and commentaries (by Ulpian and other classical jurists) from both Christian and pre-Christian times.
		Like any other among the 41 censured in this Bull, it could be assigned an ‘iniquity-level’ as grave as "heretical", as mild as "offensive to pious ears" or "seductive of simple minds", or anywhere in between ("scandalous" or "false").
		Ad Extirpanda is addressed not to the universal church, but only to civil authorities in Lombardy, The Marches, and Romagna (".
	www.rtforum.org /lt/lt119.html (10673 words)

	The Inquisition (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Respect for the hierarchy formed, in fact, the main difference between heretical movements and some of the new movements within the church, such as the Franciscans; who developed the splinter group of the Spiritual Franciscans who said that the Pope was the Anti-Christ and were hereticated.
		But added to these were a list of offences that are what makes the Inquisition of such interest to the history of horror.
		This book acts as a better summary of the religious situation than most histories, and is besides a damn good story.
	www.tabula-rasa.info.cob-web.org:8888 /DarkAges/Inquisition.html (3080 words)

	Cathar
		Catharism was a Gnostic movement that originated around the middle of the 10th century AD, branded by the contemporary Roman Catholic Church as heretics.
		This may be due to the fact that the concept of Satan was not "in fashion" during the first hundred years A.D, while the concept became increasingly popular in medieval times.
		In 1245 the royal officers assisting the Inquisition seized the heretical citadel of Montségur, and 200 Cathari were burned in one day.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/c/ca/cathar.html (1681 words)

	Paganism & Heresy
		Christianity prospered in adversity, however, and when Diocletian assumed the purple in 284 AD many of his personal staff were of that persuasion.
		The Dominicans were given the job, and this was doubtless made easier 20 years later when Innocent IV published the Bull 'Ad Extirpanda' which allowed the Inquisition to use torture.
		In 1484 he published a Bull 'Summis Desiderantes Affectibus' (approx: 'The highest desire for the beloved'), inspired by a one-liner in Exodus Ch 22, V 18: "You shall not permit a sorceress to live".
	freespace.virgin.net /ecliptica.ww/book/paganism.htm (4208 words)

	LT98 - Did Woman Evolve From The Beasts? Part II - A Defence of Traditional Catholic Doctrine
		Man is dependent on his Creator and subject to the laws of creation and to the moral norms that govern the use of freedom." Again, this kind of "symbolic" understanding of Gen. 2: 17 is entirely in accord with the ancient and constant tradition of the Catholic Church.
		Lex 25 [§26] of the Bull [Bullarium Romanum, Vol.
		So gross a papal error was committed even though this barbarous practice of ancient Roman law had been constantly eschewed by the Church throughout the first thousand years (or more) of her history, and had already been condemned as contrary to divine as well as human law by Innocent's predecessor Pope St.
	www.rtforum.org /lt/lt98.html (7204 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Pope Innocent IV, in his bull 'Ad extirpanda' of May 15, 1252, allows the use of torture, laying down cases and conditions of its employment by the Holy Office.
		This was proclaimed successively by several Popes in the Decretals which formed part of the _Corpus Juris Cononici_ of Gregory IX, and in the bulls mentioned in the Manuals of the Inquisitors.
		Thus Lucius III said in the Constitution of Verona in 1184: 'The heretic delivered over to the secular arm ought to be punished by the latter...' Innocent III echoed this in the Council of the Lateran in 1215...
	geneva.rutgers.edu /src/faq/inquisition.txt (3878 words)

	The Christian Church and its association with torture and physical abuse
		And he shall rule them with a rod of iron; as the vessels of a potter shall they be broken to shivers; even as I received of my Father.
		Up to the fifth century AD Christians seem to have an inkling that there was something morally questionable about torture and killing.
		Its use was explicitly sanctioned by Pope Innocent IV in 1252 in his bull ad extirpanda.
	www.heretication.info /_torture.html (1295 words)

	A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages (Vol 1, 1888) by Henry Charles Lea
		Alexander III leaned decidedly on the side of mercy when, in 1162, he refused to pass judgment on the Cathari sent to him by the Archbishop of Reims, saying that it was better to pardon the guilty than to take the lives of the innocent." pp.
		Moreover each podesta at the beginning and end of his term was required to have the bull read in all places that might be designated by the bishop and inquisitors, and to erase from the statute books all laws in conflict with them.
		This became the centre [sic] of the inquisitorial process, and it is deserving of detailed consideration, not only because it formed the basis of procedure in the Holy Office, but also because of the vast and deplorable influence which it exercised for five centuries on the whole judicial system of Continental Europe." p.
	www.pinn.net /~sunshine/book-sum/lea_mid1.html (14436 words)

	End Time Time line
		Most severe under Diocletion (303-313 A.D.) who began his persecution of Christians after consulting with the oracle of the Sun god Apollo at Miletus, in Asia Minor, in 303 A.D. 3rd Seal - Rev 6:5 The Black Horse of the Apocalypse.
		Emperor Constantine decrees the first Sunday laws in 321 A.D. Constantine "converts" nominally to Christianity, and becomes the first "Christian" Pontifex Maximus (a pagan title) in 323 A.D. Constantine convenes the church council of Nicea in 325 A.D. to deal with Arianism.
		The Dark Ages of Papal Rule begin in 538 A.D. (lasts for 1260 years) with the implementation of Emperor Justinian's proclamation that the Bishop of Rome holds the first rank of all pontiffs and therefore is the head of all Christian churches.
	www.incredibletruth.org /end_time_time_line.htm (2479 words)

	Ebon Musings: The Wall
		Similarly, Pope Boniface VIII stated in the 1302 bull Unam Sanctum that it is "absolutely necessary" for every human being to be "subject to the Roman Pontiff", and that "in this Church and in its power are two swords; namely, the spiritual and the temporal" of which "both...
		Even then, it was almost impossible to be released without implicating others, allowing the process to continue (a necessary step, since the various Inquisitions funded themselves mainly by confiscating property and assets from convicted heretics).
		If the accused person refused to confess, torture could be and was used, as authorized by the 1252 papal bull Ad Extirpanda.
	www.ebonmusings.org /atheism/thewall.html (12326 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume IV: Mediaeval Christianity. A.D. 590-1073. \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		Pope Gregory I. denounced as worthless a confession extorted by incarceration and hunger.
		In the bull Ad extirpanda: “Teneatur potestas seu rector, omnes haereticos … cogere citra membri diminutionem et mortis periculum, tamquam vere latrones et homicidas animarum … errores suos expresse fateri et accusare alios haereticos quos sciunt, et bona eorum.
		This was an ominous precedent, which did more harm to the reputation of the papacy than the extermination of any number of heretics could possibly do it good.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc4.i.vi.viii.html?highlight=ad,extirpanda (2022 words)

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