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Topic: Bullock dray

	Technology in Australia 1788-1988, Chapter 7, page 443 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Bullocks were particularly useful, for drays proved to be the best form of heavy transport in the early years, particularly in the bush.
		According to McGregor 'the old two-wheeled bullock dray was a huge unwieldy mass of wood and iron, clumsy in construction it consisted mainly of a solid wooden floor mounted on wheels: sides were a later development'.
		The four wheeled dray or box wagon came into use after about 1860 for loads of 6-8 tons and was drawn by 16-18 bullocks.
	www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au /tia/443.html (815 words)

	High Plains (Australia) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, persuading cattle to climb a narrow spur in order to follow a ridge route required skill and courage.
		Such routes were also unsuitable for all but the strongest wheeled vehicles, and slow and risky even for bullock drays, so pack horses were the more common way of transporting freight.
		Many of Australia's favourite stories and poems originated in this area, notably The Man from Snowy River.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/High_Plains_(Australia) (318 words)

	cantonrep.com
		Bullock, 55, is the chaplain for the Canton City Fire Department.
		On Easter, the Bullocks entered the unit, only to find that Carey was not in her usual spot behind the glass.
		Bullock found out last summer that the camaraderie he feels for the department is reciprocated by the firefighters.
	www.cantonrep.com /index.php?Category=8&ID=214793&r=0 (1375 words)

	A First Year in Canterbury Settlement, by Samuel Butler (chapter7)
		Of the contents of the dray I need hardly speak, though perhaps a full enumeration of them might afford no bad index to the requirements of a station; they are more numerous than might at first be supposed — rigidly useful and rarely if ever ornamental.
		Bullocks are very scarce here; none are to be got under twenty pounds, while thirty pounds is no unusual price for a good harness bullock.
		If bullocks be invariably driven sharply back to the dray, whenever they have strayed from it, they will soon learn not to go far off, and will be cured even of the most inveterate vagrant habits.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /b/butler/samuel/first/chapter7.html (4620 words)

	Flinders Ranges National Park - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the winter of 1839 Edward John Eyre, together with a group of five men, two drays and ten horses, further explored the region.
		During the late 1870's the push to open agriculture land, for wheat growing north of the Goyder's Line had met with unusual success, with good rainfall and crops in the Flinders Ranges.
		This, along with the copper mining lobby (copper was mined in the Hawker-Flinders Ranges area in the late 1850's and transported overland by bullock dray), induced the government to build narrow gauge railway line north of Port Augusta through Pichi Richi Pass, Quorn, Hawker and along the west of the ranges, eventually to Marree.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flinders_Ranges_National_Park (934 words)

	SONG OF THE OLD BULLOCK DRIVER by Henry Lawson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		We rose with the dawn, were it ever so chilly, When yokes and tarpaulins were covered with frost, And toasted the bacon and boiled the fl billy, Where high on the camp-fire the branches were tossed.
		'Twas hard on the beasts on the terrible pinches, Where two teams of bullocks were yoked to a load, And tugging and slipping, and moving by inches, Half-way to the summit they clung to the road.
		the poor bullocks were cruelly goaded While climbing the hills from the flats and the vales; 'Twas here that the teams were so often unloaded That all knew the meaning of "counting your bales".
	www.middlemiss.org /lit/poetry/olddriver.html (459 words)

	Walkabout - Beltana
		The Old Bullock Dray at the end of the main street
		The Old Bullock Dray at the end of the main street - it is surrounded by saltbush.
		It is a 4 wheel dray which was once pulled by a team of 18 donkeys.
	www.walkabout.com.au /theage/locations/SABeltana.shtml (1302 words)

	Book II, Chapter 6.
		In front was a stumpily-built bullock driver with a red, truculent face, a ragged carrotty beard and inflamed narrow-ridded eyes.
		A little to the rear stood a lanky, muscular bushman in very dirty moleskins, with a smooth loose-lipped face, no eyelashes, and a scowling forehead, who was evidently the worse for drink; next to him, a shorter man of the drover type, older, eagle-beaked and with sinister, foxy eyes.
		Found them in the lowest of the grog shanties, their horses not looked after, dray only half loaded, and the three of them – Gumsucker Steve was to have come and taken off our leaders when we got into broken country – thick with the Union delegates and sticking for higher wages.
	digital.library.upenn.edu /women/praed/bridget/bridget-II-6.html (2465 words)

	Charles Stodden Burnard
		The vessel which brought the Burnard family to Australia was the Java, an old man-o-warman, which made the voyage around the Horn.
		On arrival at Holdfast Bay, after a six months' trip, the family were brought to Adelaide in a bullock dray, and camped at a spot very near to where Government House now stands.
		At that time, most of the dwellings were built of reeds, obtained from the Torrens, to which "creek" the citizens had to go to obtain water.
	www.geocities.com /rogersando/a_people/cs_burnard.htm (1366 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		After much climbing into the trees to disentangle the lash, the stock-whips were quietly rolled up and hidden in the dray, a humble buggy-whip or less ambitious instrument of sapling and twine taking their place.
		A compact hold-all and portmanteau carried all necessaries, and was easily accessible on the dray, which also carried the stores for the trip and the drovers' swags.
		A travelling mob of cows usually shapes itself in the form of a triangle, the strongest beasts forming the apex, while the stragglers make an ever-widening line at the rear in their efforts to find food, as the leaders and flankers consume almost every blade as they go along.
	gutenberg.net.au /ebooks04/0400661.txt (23093 words)

	Alfred Restieaux Manuscripts - Part I
		So he let us have the team horses, dray, harness provisions, tools and a first rate outfit to be paid for the first gold we got.
		I had to take a sledge into the swamp, a dray could not go and all the stuff to the high ground, then take it in the dray to where it was wanted.
		It was no trouble only to hitch the bullock onto a stick and draft it at the hut as I passed.
	www.janeresture.com /ar11.htm (14458 words)

	Farming the Land
		To resolve this matter, he wanted to procure bullocks and a dray since hiring them was very expensive.
		In reply to this request, Moorhouse dealt only with the issue of the bullock dray rather than the other darker issues.
		"In reply to your communication to be supplied with a team of bullocks by the government to enable you to fence the section upon which Mary Adams has permission to settle, I have to state that your application was duly forwarded to the Lieutenant Governor and His Excellency declined granting your request." [14]
	kudnarto.tripod.com /ch14.htm (2330 words)

	[No title]
		At length I saw a tent-like object, dotting itself upon the plain, with eight fl mice as it were in front of it.
		The back country of the Waimakiriri is inaccessible by dray, so that all the stores and all the wool have to be packed in and packed out on horseback.
		I completed the loading of my dray on a Tuesday afternoon in the early part of October, 1860, and determined on making Main's accommodation- house that night.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext02/frcan10.txt (21178 words)

	Manning Valley Historical Society
		I arrived on the Manning from the Hunter, per bullock dray, 55 years ago [1859].
		This was done to ease the dray down, as the bullocks were powerless to "pole" the dray in its descent, the grade being so steep.
		The only thing I can compare a "slide" to is a dray without wheels, and it was drawn by two or four bullocks to the barn - or straddle, as they were called in those days.
	www.manninghistorical.org /P&E8.htm (1829 words)

	James HAMILTON (1836-1927): Bullock Dray Ride in 1848 from Ozenkadnook Station to Portland, Victoria, Australia
		James HAMILTON (1836-1927): Bullock Dray Ride in 1848 from Ozenkadnook Station to Portland, Victoria, Australia
		In his book "Pioneering days in Western Victoria", written in 1923 when he was 87, James recalled his first bullock dray trip in 1848, at the age of twelve from Ozenkadnook Station to Portland when there were no roads, only tracks.
		My father had about a thousand sheep, mostly ewes, and took them out of my uncle's flocks that year, but as we had no shed, they were shorn in my uncle's shed.
	www.ballaratgenealogy.org.au /digby/1848ham.htm (1263 words)

	[No title]
		He was put to shepherding and bullock-driving, which in itself proves that labourers were at a premium, and that instead of a man having to hunt for a job the job had to hunt for the man. He lost his sheep, and the bullocks got away from him.
		An offsider is a bullock-drivers assistantâ”one who walks on the off-side of the team and flogs the bullocks on that side when occasion arises.
		Chorus To my bullocks then I say No matter where you stray, You will never be impounded any more; For youâre running, running, running on the dufferâs piece of land, Free selected on the Eumerella shore.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/0/4/9/10493/10493-0.txt (19935 words)

	GREEN GENEALOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		had bullock drays and were carrying between Beechworth and Melbourne.
		They stayed overnight in Melbourne as they had to go to the Lands Department and select their block and buy all tools etc. that were wanted on the land.
		It was a weeks journey from Melbourne to Winton by bullock dray.
	users.bigpond.net.au /Patterson/geneal/Green/gre0.html (1415 words)

	Mannum Bowling Club (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The founding father of Mannum was William Richard Randell he built a boat at Gumeracha and transported it by bullock dray to a landing which is about 3 km north of present-day Mannum.
		The steamer was named 'Mary Ann' after Randell's mother, was 55 feet long, and it was given a trial run on the Murray on 19 February 1853.
		Others were unloaded at Mannum and overlanded to Adelaide by bullock teams.
	lm.net.au /~mharbour/about_mannum.html (342 words)

	Travelling south
		Our bullock dray was provided with a comfortable 'tilt' [cover], and we also secured a good tent which could amply shelter our whole family while on the tramp.
		We bailed her up night and morning to the dray wheel and we had a plenteous supply of the lacteal fluid to make our tea more palatable.
		In addition we had a large coop filled with fowls suspended from the end of the dray.
	www.ngaiopress.com /travelli.htm (419 words)

	The Archdiocese of Hobart ... Church in Tasmania ... Parishes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		About 1915 the original church was moved by bullock dray being drawn by a team of 68 bullocks the distance of about 500m.
		The move was first attempted by engine power but the pulling action of the engine threatened to damage the building.
		So a team of bullocks, under the control of Mr.
	www.hobart.catholic.org.au /parishes-scottsdale.htm (231 words)

	[No title]
		In the meantime the drays were busy carting the wool to the seaports as fast as they could be loaded, whilst speculative drovers rode all about the country buying up the fat cattle and wethers from every run.
		A large dray with a couple of powerful horses was in readiness, and into this springless vehicle we were unceremoniously bundled.
		On this occasion he was on his oppressively good behaviour, and sat quite silent and solemn on the opposite ledge of the dray.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext04/stnms10.txt (19801 words)

	Getting there
		Bigger enterprises were called for, and it was soon realized that their need for heavy crushing equipment would in turn require a decent roadway and bridges to provide easier access into the diggings.
		In later years, a bullock driver familiar with the route explained that their teams relied on brute strength to take them "up and over" the mountain ranges, rather than around them.
		Freight and equipment would be shipped from Port Phillip (Melbourne) to Port Albert, then carted overland along the coast to Sale; then on to Rosedale and via Toongabbie over the mountains and into Walhalla from the east.
	www.walhalla.org.au /getthere.htm (344 words)

	Henry Grant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Janet Grant Snr was walking along behind the dray picking up anything that fell off as the wheels careered over the big stones, causing the dray to sway from side to side.
		Suddenly the old dray tipped over on its side and spilled all of the family's belongings into a ditch.
		By the time they reached the top the old bullocks tongues were hanging down just dragging on the forest floor.
	www.cooma.nsw.gov.au /monaropioneers/grant-h.htm (2593 words)

	Postcards - Mintaro Cottage Garden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It's a great place to take in a stroll, search for a couple of antique treasures and soak up the atmosphere of one of the State's most historic towns.
		The town was on the old bullock dray run from the Monster Mine at Burra and Mintaro's array of magnificent old buildings is proof of the wealth generated by the 1840's mining boom.
		Many were built of slate from the town's famous quarry, and what didn't make it into the buildings of Mintaro certainly found its way into many of the town's gardens.
	www.postcards.sa.com.au /features/mintaro_garden.html (398 words)

	The Land Grant
		Since he didn't have the cash to pay for this enterprise, and he needed a bullock dray to assist him to move his fencing materials, he required assistance from the government to lend him one.
		However, Adams already seems to know the answer which indicates that he had already broached the subject with Moorhouse before, possibly in their preliminary discussions.
		He needs to have a dray to fence the property before commencing any cultivation of the land but he cannot afford a dray which means he cannot afford to fence the property which thus makes putting in a garden precarious due to the sheep which are free to roam.
	kudnarto.tripod.com /ch13.htm (2678 words)

	Postcards - Previous Feature: Gawler - Light's Country Town
		By the end of that year, Light had planned the town, his survey firm had laid it out and the first pioneer families had arrived by bullock dray.
		Today, Gawler is a growing country town/commuter suburb, and as we discovered in its excellent historical trial, rich past has seen it called the gateway to the north, a colonial Athens, and an engineering marvel.
		The Reids, for instance, took three days to reach their new land grant by bullock wagon - today, visitors from the city make the 40 kilometre journey north in about an hour.
	www.postcards.sa.com.au /features/gawler_host.html (913 words)

	Old Bullock Dray, The (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		DESCRIPTION: The bullock driver is preparing for a good life in the bush.
		He seeks a wife, and prepares to head out to find land.
		Notes: Settlers in Australia had two major problems: Lack of women (since most convicts were men) and lack of land (since the good properties had been snatched up by early settlers and the wealthy).
	www.csufresno.edu /folklore/ballads/MA127.html (212 words)

	Australian Folk Songs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In that version the verses are doubled up and it is much clearer that the wife in the song is in fact Aboriginal.
		Printed in Paterson's Old Bush Songs Paterson notes A paddymelon is a small but speedy marsupial, a sort of poor relation of the great kangaroo family.
		An offsider is a bullock driver's assistant, one who walks on the offside of the team and flogs the bullocks when the occasion arises.
	folkstream.com /066.html (316 words)

	The Children of James and Jane McConville
		They traveled by foot and dray and arrived at Pikedale Station near Stanthorpe.
		McConville recalls having seen at that port, bullock teams extending for half a mile, waiting for stores for all parts of the far north, up as far as Charlotte Waters.
		He remembers when Saltia was a busy town, the home of bullock drivers.
	www.mcconville.org /main/about/australia.html (5729 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Robert Kaleski (1877-1961), the first serious writer on Australia's working dogs and author of "Australian Barkers and Biters" (1914-1933) once suggested that if Australians wanted to honour the pioneers of their vast continent, they should erect two statues in everlasting bronze.
		The second one should be that of a pastoralist, a Merino beside him and his faithful sheep dog at his feet; but the first one should be that of a bullock driver or teamster, with greenhide whip on his shoulder, standing beside his dray, bullock team and his cattle dog.
		While he rightfully acknowledged that the wool grower and Marino made Australia properous,it was the trail-blazing teamster with his team of bullocks and cattle dog who went before him and broke the way.
	www.wolfweb.com.au /acd/tributetoacds.htm (214 words)

	The Choyce Compendium ~ Genealogy, Family History, Choyce, Choice, Betty Choyce
		Ann was only 20 months old when her family moved from Toowoomba to Goondiwindi.
		Their journey was made on "a bullock dray", over what must have been a tortuous terrain.
		According to the newspaper account quoted earlier, James set a weight record of sorts as a carrier...the record load of wool, ll tons and IO cwt., with 12 horses, from Callandoon Station to the Goondiwindi Railway Station.
	bettychoyce.com /charles_edward.htm (1025 words)

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