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	Bundesrat of Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bundesrat ("federal council") is the representation of the 16 Federal States (Länder) of Germany at the federal level.
		The Bundesrat is composed of delegates from the sixteen German states (Länder).
		The President of the Bundesrat convenes and chairs plenary sessions of the body and is formally responsible for representing the Federal Republic in the Bundesrat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bundesrat_(Germany) (1157 words)

	Bundesrat (Deutschland) - Wikipedia
		Der Bundesrat gehört (in Friedenszeiten) zu den drei Verfassungsorganen, die ein Initiativrecht bei der Gesetzgebung besitzen; neben ihm sind dies Bundestag und Bundesregierung.
		Der Bundesrat sollte bewusst einen starken Gegenpol zum Bundestag bilden.
		Auch diese Kongruenz zwischen Bundestag und Bundesrat dürfte neben der Schwäche der einzig verbliebenen Oppositionspartei FDP zum Entstehen der Außerparlamentarischen Opposition (APO) beigetragen haben.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bundesrat_(Deutschland) (6915 words)

	Federal Foreign Office - Facts about Germany: The Bundesrat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Bundesrat represents the 16 federal states and embodies the federal element of the federal state.
		In the Bundesrat, the federal states are able to participate in legislation and governmental administration.
		The Bundesrat is not the organ of the individual states but a federal body that exercises exclusively federal powers.
	www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de /743.55.html (155 words)

	The BUNDESRAT THE FEDERAL COUNCIL OF GERMANY
		The Bundesrat is entitled to formulate a position regarding the draft statutes within six weeks (or three weeks for cases of particular emergency, as designated by the federal government).
		Should the Bundesrat opposition be supported by a two-thirds majority of its members, a majority of at least two-thirds of Bundestag members is required to remove the opposition.
		Bundesrat approval is required to establish - by the Bundestag - that federal territory is the object of armed aggression or that such aggression is imminent (state of defence).
	www.senat.fr /senatsdumonde/english/allemagne.html (1369 words)

	Germany - The Legislature
		Because the Bundesrat is so much smaller than the Bundestag, it does not require the extensive organizational structure of the lower house.
		Bundesrat representatives rarely attend committee sessions; instead, they delegate that responsibility to civil servants from their ministries, as allowed for in the Basic Law.
		The legislative authority of the Bundesrat is subordinate to that of the Bundestag, but the upper house nonetheless plays a vital legislative role.
	countrystudies.us /germany/154.htm (1641 words)

	Austria - Bundesrat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The interests of Austria's nine provinces are represented at the federal level in the Bundesrat (Federal Council), the upper house of parliament.
		The Bundesrat has sixty-three seats, which are apportioned among the provinces on the basis of population.
		The members of the Bundesrat are elected by the provincial legislatures on the basis of proportional representation.
	countrystudies.us /austria/106.htm (282 words)

	The passage of legislation in the Bundesrat
		The Bundesrat is the forum through which the 16 Länder participate in the legislative process and administration of the Federation (see Art. 50 of the Basic Law).
		The question of whether the Bundestag is concerned with a bill to which the Bundesrat may lodge an objection or for which its consent is required is thus a key aspect of the legislative process and may determine whether the Bundestag in fact succeeds in having a bill passed.
		In the case of laws which require the consent of the Bundesrat, it is also possible for the Bundestag and the Federal Government to demand that the Mediation Committee be convened.
	www.bundestag.de /htdocs_e/legislat/14legrat.html (779 words)

	Bundesrat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Furthermore, the Bundesrat is involved at the administration of the Federation (e.g.
		Contrary to the delegates of the Bundestag the Members of the Bundesrat are not elected by the people, but they are members of their federal state government (for example Prime Minister, Minister) and sent by this.
		They will be send to the Bundesrat by majority decision usually for the duration of their affiliation to the federal state government and they could be replaced by other members of their government.
	www.staatsrecht4u.de /en/bundrat.htm (472 words)

	Bundesrat (Deutschland) - Wikipedia
		Der Bundesrat kann der Bundesregierung oder den zuständigen Ministern Entwürfe für derartige Rechtsverordnungen zukommen lassen.
		Der Bundesrat folgt in aller Regel den Beschlussempfehlungen der Ausschüsse, sodass sich feststellen lässt, dass in den Ausschüssen bereits wichtige politische Vorentscheidungen getroffen werden.
		Nach der Einheit bestand der Bundesrat aus 68 (ab 1996: 69) Stimmen.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bundesrat_%28Deutschland%29 (6915 words)

	Bundesrat (Allemagne) - Wikipédia
		Avant les élections du 18 septembre 2005, le Bundesrat était dominé par l’opposition au niveau fédéral (CDU, CSU et FDP), qui dispose de 43 votes.
		Le Bundesrat a un veto absolu sur ces législations et un veto suspensif sur toute autre loi (loi de réclamation - Einspruchsgesetz).
		Le président actuel du Bundesrat est Matthias Platzeck, ministre-président du Brandebourg.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bundesrat_%28Allemagne%29 (719 words)

	Involvement of the Bundesrat
		The so called first passage in the Bundesrat provided for in Article 76 of the Basic Law results from the Bundesrat's extensive rights to participate in the legislative process once the bill has been adopted by the Bundestag (this will be considered in detail later on).
		The comments of the Federal Government on any objections the Bundesrat may lodge are known as a counterstatement; like the comments of the Bundesrat, which have to be submitted within 6 weeks, this counterstatement is attached to the original bill.
		The Federal Government's draft law, together with the explanatory memorandum, the comments of the Bundesrat and the counterstatement of the Federal Government, is transmitted to the Bundestag by the Federal Chancellor with a covering letter to the President of the Bundestag.
	www.bundestag.de /htdocs_e/legislat/05involrat.html (779 words)

	The Bundesrat
		The bill, the Bundesrat's view and the government's counter-observations then all go to the Bundestag, which decides whether it wishes to adopt the bill - with or without the amendments proposed by the Bundesrat - and pass it into law.
		The Bundesrat considers whether the bill passed to it by the Bundestag takes account of the view it expressed in the first passage or whether other amendments have been made.
		If the Bundesrat is unable to accept a bill in the form in which it has been passed by the Bundestag, it may convoke the Mediation Committee by a majority vote to that effect within three weeks.
	www.timetravelerproductions.com /bundesrat.htm (423 words)

	The institutional structures of German federalism / Uwe Leonardy. - Teil 2
		Upon its re-establishment by the Basic Law in 1949, the present Bundesrat was thus the heir to a long line of similarly structured institutions, all marked by the fact that in varying degrees and with varying powers they directly effected elements of intergovernmental coordination and cooperation in the constitution.
		The central characteristic feature to be emphasised at this point is the fact that the Bundesrat not only embodies the intergovernmentalism of the federal system, but that to a large extent it is also responsible for the efficient management and coordination of many of the wide-ranging institutional interdependencies arising from the intergovernmental structure.
		Even in such conflicts, though, the Bundesrat can normally only justify ‘opposition’ to the Federal Government on a specific piece of legislation by proving that it is basing its objections on either legitimate regional interests or on a different evaluation from the Länder perspective of the legal or administrative merits of the provisions concerned.
	library.fes.de /fulltext/bueros/london/00538001.htm (1406 words)

	Representations of the Länder /Senate Department of Urban development Berlin / Bundesrat
		The former Preußisches Herrenhaus, an important building in Prussian and German parliamentary history, is being converted for use by the Bundesrat, the parliamentary representation of the Länder.
		After the political changes of 1989/90, the building was originally earmarked for the Berlin offices of the five federal ministries remaining in Bonn, the 16 Länder having resolved in 1991 that the Bundesrat should remain in Bonn.
		The scheme for the inner construction is based on an architectural synthesis between the past and the present which takes due account of the changed requirements.
	www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de /bauen/landesvertretungen/en/st009.shtml (486 words)

	Bundesrat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The "Deutscher Bundesrat" (German Chamber of Federal States) is the second chamber of parliament, similar in character to the US Senate on which it was modeled.
		Unlike the Bundestag, the Bundesrat is not elected by the people, but consists of representatives sent by the regional states.
		The presidency of the Bundesrat rotates every year on the 1st of November, with the Governor of one of the federal states in charge as Bundesrat President.
	www.rp-online.de /news/german/terms/bundesrat.html (309 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For other laws the Bundesrat has a veto right, which might be overridden in the Bundestag with a two-thirds majority.
		The president of the Bundesrat is the deputy president of Germany.
		The current Bundesrat (1/1995) is composed of a majority of SPD-led governments, thereby constituting a strong counterweight to the CDU/CSU-led Bundestag.
	www.mathematik.uni-ulm.de /gn/glossar/bundesrat.html (122 words)

	Germany - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The 16 Bundesländer are represented at the federal level in the Bundesrat (Federal Council), which—depending on the subject matter—may have a say in the legislative procedure.
		An ethnic Danish minority of about 50,000 people lives in Schleswig, mostly close to the Danish border, in the north; a small number of Slavic people known as the Sorbs lives in the states of Saxony (about 40,000) and Brandenburg (about 20.000).
		The Bundesrat is based upon proportional representation, and while there are over 600 members to the Bundestag, there are less than 100 members to the Bundesrat.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Germany (3851 words)

	EXCERPTS FROM THE BASIC LAW OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
		The Bundesrat shall be entitled to state its position on such bills within six weeks.
		(2) The Bundesrat may, within three weeks of the receipt of the adopted bill, demand that a mediation committee for joint consideration of bills composed of members of the Bundestag and members of the Bundesrat, be convened¼.
		If the Bundesrat adopted the objection with a majority of at least two‑thirds of its votes, its rejection by the Bundestag shall require a majority of two‑thirds, including at least the majority of the members of the Bundestag.
	www.uiowa.edu /~c030040/gerconst.htm (1138 words)

	German Law Journal - The Decision of the German Constitutional Court on the Immigration Act
		After the President of the Bundesrat had declared that "the Land Brandenburg" (31) had not cast its vote unanimously, according to the Court the voting process was finished as far as Brandenburg was concerned and could not be re-started in order to find a new (and maybe more favourable) result.
		Although the President of the Bundesrat has a legal obligation to care for a regular voting process and to enlighten any vagueness in its course, according to the Court this duty was not to be carried out under the given circumstances.
		The President of the Bundesrat, knowing perfectly well about the dissent between the Brandenburg representatives and the unwillingness of the "no"voter to be represented by any of the "yes" voters, (51) asked only one of the representatives and takes his single vote to stand for all of them.
	www.germanlawjournal.com /print.php?id=229 (6738 words)

	Germany - Political And Geographical
		These twenty-five States have votes in the Bundesrat, a body which may be said to correspond remotely to our United States Senate.
		The members of the Bundesrat are named by the Princes of the twenty-five States making up the German Empire.
		In the usual procedure bills are prepared and adopted in the Bundesrat and then sent to the Reichstag whence, if passed, they return to the Bundesrat where the final approval must take place.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles30/germany-2.shtml (3329 words)

	Grundgesetz -- German Constitution (May 23, 1949--Last amended August 31, 1990; English translation) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The composition and the procedure of this committee are regulated by rules of procedure adopted by the Bundestag and requiring the consent of the Bundesrat.
		Where the consent of the Bundesrat is required for a law, the demand for convening this committee may also be made by the Bundestag or the Federal Government.
		If the Bundesrat adopted the protest by a majority of at least two-thirds of its votes, the rejection by the Bundestag requires a majority of two-thirds, including at least the majority of the members of the Bundestag.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/eurodocs/germ/ggeng.html (17369 words)

	Bundesrat in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Der Bundesrat Artikel 50 Aufgabe Durch den Bundesrat wirken die Länder bei der Gesetzgebung und Verwaltung des Bundes und in Angelegenheiten der Europäischen Union mit.
		Artikel 52 Präsident; Mehrheitsbeschlüsse; Geschäftsordnung (1) Der Bundesrat wählt seinen Präsidenten auf ein Jahr.
		(3) Der Bundesrat faßt seine Beschlüsse mit mindestens der Mehrheit seiner Stimmen.
	www.wahlrecht.de /lexikon/bundesrat.html (389 words)

	German Constitution: 1949 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Bundesrat may, within three weeks of the receipt of the adopted bill, demand that a committee for joint consideration of bills, composed of members of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat, be convened.
		Insofar as the consent of the Bundesrat is not required for a law, the Bundesrat may, if the proceedings under paragraph 2 are completed, enter a protest within two weeks against a law adopted by the Bundestag.
		By Federal law requiring the consent of the Bundesrat, the functions of the Aviation Administration may be assigned to the Laender as agents of the Federation.
	www.psr.keele.ac.uk /docs/german.htm (17339 words)

	Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz, GG)
		To the extent that the legislative powers of the Länder, the structure of Land authorities, or Land administrative procedures are primarily affected, the position of the Bundesrat shall be given the greatest possible respect in determining the Federation’s position consistent with the responsibility of the Federation for the nation as a whole.
		The Bundesrat shall be kept informed by the Federal Government with regard to the conduct of its affairs.
		The consent of the Bundesrat shall also be required for laws respecting the dissolution, merger, or division of federal railway enterprises, the transfer of tracks of federal railways to third parties, or the abandonment of such tracks, or affecting local passenger services.
	www.iuscomp.org /gla/statutes/GG.htm (15613 words)

	A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union --K--
		The alleged manipulation of national accounts in the run-up to EMU led in 1998 to a renewed challenge in the Constitutional Court, on the grounds that the safeguards contained in the Maastricht Treaty had been evaded.
		The Court, however, declined to accept the case, doubtless reluctant to overturn a decision of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat (Germany's lower and upper houses), despite the expressed reservations of the Bundesbank and the apparent unpopularity of the euro among voters.
		A man of vast physical bulk and uncomplicated political beliefs, Helmut Kohl was for many years a dominating figure in Europe, though perhaps underrated in Germany, where the demise of his career was frequently predicted and as frequently falsified by events.
	www.euro-know.org /dictionary/k.html (1214 words)

	Bundesrat im Deutsches Reich 1871-1918 (Kaiserreich)
		Der Bundesrat besteht aus den von den Regierungen der 25 Bundesstaaten Bevollmächtigten.
		Das Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen ist im Bundesrat nicht vertreten, weil es von einem kaiserlichen Statthalter verwaltet wird.
		Der Bundesrat tritt stets in der Reichshauptstadt Berlin zusammen und ist wegen seiner vielen Geschäfte tatsächlich wenigstens teilweise immer versammelt.
	www.deutsche-schutzgebiete.de /bundesrat.htm (274 words)

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