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Topic: Bundesrat of Germany

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	Germany. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Germany is a federal republic whose 16 states have their own constitutions, legislatures, and governments, which can pass laws on all matters except those that are the exclusive right of the federal government such as defense, foreign affairs, and finance.
		The chief theater of the war, Germany was reduced to misery and starvation, lost a large part of its population, and became, as a result of the Peace of Westphalia (1648; see Westphalia, Peace of), a loose confederation of petty principalities under the nominal suzerainty of the emperor.
		In Mar., 1936, Germany remilitarized the Rhineland in violation of the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ge/Germany.html (7504 words)

	Bundesrat of Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bundesrat ("federal council") is the representation of the 16 Federal States (Länder) of Germany at the federal level.
		The President of the Bundesrat convenes and chairs plenary sessions of the body and is formally responsible for representing the Federal Republic in the Bundesrat.
		The German Bundesrat was first founded, togehter with the second German Empire, in 1871, replacing a body of the same name and with the same functions in the North German Confederation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bundesrat_of_Germany (1506 words)

	Bundesrat of Germany
		The second legislative chamber, the Bundesrat, is the federal body in which the sixteen Land governments are directly represented.
		Bundesrat representatives rarely attend committee sessions; instead, they delegate that responsibility to civil servants from their ministries, as allowed for in the Basic Law.
		The legislative authority of the Bundesrat is subordinate to that of the Bundestag, but the upper house nonetheless plays a vital legislative role.
	www.germanculture.com.ua /library/facts/bl_bundesrat.htm (576 words)

	GERMANY
		Germany was defeated in 1945 and was divided into zones that, in 1949, became West Germany and East Germany.
		Germany is a federal republic in which the people elect their representatives by secret ballot.
		Germany's army was reduced to 100,000 men, and the nation was forbidden from having an air force.
	www.gauravhira.freehomepage.com /germany.htm (12123 words)

	Germany Info: Government & Politics
		Leaders of Germany's opposition parties, who were adamantly opposed to the law in its current form, have charged that voting was unconstitutional.
		The Union parties contend that the vote in the Bundesrat, which represents the states' interests at the federal level, was unconstitutional because representatives of the state of Brandenburg cast a split vote.
		Bundesrat President and Berlin Mayor Klaus Wowereit (SPD) has defended the vote tally, stating that the process was constitutional and that Rau could "sign the law in good conscience." Chancellor Gerhard Schröder (SPD) has dismissed the accusations of impropriety in the process as absurd.
	www.germany.info /relaunch/politics/new/pol_immig1.html (556 words)

	Germany Portal @ MrsGermany.com (Mrs Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Germany is a democratic parliamentary federal republic, made up of 16 states (Länder), which in certain spheres act independently of the federation.
		The Federal Republic of Germany is a member state of the United Nations, NATO, the G8 and the G4 nations, and is a founding member of the European Union.
		Germany as far as the Rhine and the Danube therefore remained outside the Roman Empire.
	www.mrsgermany.com (1463 words)

	Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, or USPD) was a short-lived political party in Germany during the Second Reich and the Weimar Republic.
		To be able to continue their parliamentary work, the group formed the Sozialdemokratische Arbeitsgemeinschaft (SAG, "Social Democratic Working Group"); concerns from the SPD leadership and Friedrich Ebert that the SAG was intent on dividing the SPD then led to the expulsion of the SAG members from the SPD on January 18 1917.
		Ultimately, the proposition to join the Komintern was approved at a party convention in Halle in October 1920, but the USPD split up in the process, with both groups seeing themselves as the rightful USPD and the other one as being outcast.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/USPD (428 words)

	A Manual for Germany \| A Manual for Germany: Bundestag and Bundesrat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Half of the seats in parliament are awarded by direct voting, the other half are awarded via lists of candidates drawn up by the political parties in each federal state.
		The Bundestag is the highest legislative organ in Germany.
		Germany is a federal parliamentary democracy, made up of 16 federal states.
	www.handbuch-deutschland.de /book/en/003_001_002.html (168 words)

	Migration News
		In Germany, states (Laender) have the authority to return foreigners who are not permitted to remain in Germany.
		In January, 1997, Germany began to require under-16 year-old children wishing to visit relatives in Germany to obtain visas, and to require under-16 year-old children living in Germany to obtain residence permits.
		Germany's unemployment rate was 11.7 percent in March, 1997, when there were 4.5 million unemployed, including 900,000 unemployed foreigners and 34 million employed persons.
	migration.ucdavis.edu /mn/more.php?id=1229_0_4_0 (1949 words)

	Basic Law for The Federal Republic of Germany
		The composition and the procedure of this committee are regulated by rules of procedure adopted by the Bundestag and requiring the consent of the Bundesrat.
		Where the consent of the Bundesrat is required for a law, the demand for convening this committee may also be made by the Bundestag or the Federal Government.
		If the Bundesrat adopted the protest by a majority of at least two-thirds of its votes, the rejection by the Bundestag requires a majority of two-thirds, including at least the majority of the members of the Bundestag.
	www.leftjustified.com /leftjust/lib/sc/ht/wtp/germany.html (15909 words)

	ASU Libraries: Primary Sources in History- Germany
		Includes private reflections on the war situation; attacks of the U-boat fleet, and Germany's inability to replace lost vessels late in the war.
		SCOPE AND CONTENTS: The Bundesrat is the upper house, representing the Lander in the two chamber legislature.
		These reports document the transition of occupied Germany to the Federal Republic and constitute a detailed, month-by-month record of the occupation regime of 1945-46, the Marshall Plan and the Berlin crisis.
	www.asu.edu /lib/hayden/ref/his/primary/germany.htm (2495 words)

	IPEX - Interparliamentary EU Information Exchange: Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		According to Article 23 Paragraph 2 of the Basic Law, the Bundestag and the Länder (through the Bundesrat) participate in affairs of the European Union.
		The Bundesrat, represented in urgent cases by the Chamber of European Affairs, gives its opinion on the drafts of European Union regulations and directives submitted to it.
		In other words, in such cases the Bundesrat basically has the final say in determining the German position within the EU Council of Ministers.
	www.ecprd.org /ipex/germany_bundesrat.asp (202 words)

	Facts About Germany
		European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945.
		Germany's affluent and technologically powerful economy - the fifth largest in the world - has become one of the slowest growing economies in the euro zone.
		Germany's aging population, combined with high unemployment, has pushed social security outlays to a level exceeding contributions from workers.
	worldfacts.us /Germany.htm (883 words)

	Germany's Reform by Committee \| Germany \| Deutsche Welle \| 16.11.2003
		The nature of Germany’s federal system often requires legislation to be approved by the country’s 16 states, which means the fate of Chancellor Schröder’s key welfare and economic reforms will be decided in a committee.
		Alongside the lower house of parliament, the Bundestag, 16 federal states, or Länder, are represented by an upper house known as the Bundesrat.
		When West Germany’s constitution was written 54 years ago, the upper chamber had to be consulted on only around 10 percent of federal legislation.
	www.dw-world.de /dw/article/0,2144,1034390,00.html (658 words)

	Germany’s immigration law fails to win support -DAWN - International; March 2, 2002
		Most opposition Christian Democrats (CDU) voted against the reform and said they would try to block it in the Bundesrat or upper house on March 22, arguing that Germany should cut rather than increase immigration because unemployment was rising.
		Bavarian premier Edmund Stoiber, Schroeder’s conservative challenger in the September 22 election, told a newspaper on Friday that Germany had reached the limits of its ability to integrate more foreigners and that immigration could certainly be an election issue.
		Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder’s government does not have a majority in the Bundesrat, where Germany’s 16 regions are represented, and he will need the support of at least one state where the CDU rules to get the law through.
	www.dawn.com /2002/03/02/int5.htm (314 words)

	Germany Alert
		BONN -- Germany's Bundesrat or upper chamber called for a stepped-up investigation of Scientology, which could lead to an outright ban.
		A television report has documented the new policy, in which taxi drivers are under police orders to demand passports of any person "appearing to be a foreigner" who they wish to accept as a passenger.
		But Germany has now changed that, ordering -- under threat of arrest and imprisonment -- that taxi drivers get proof of a passenger's legal status before accepting the passenger as a fare, and further ordering that drivers denounce those who refuse to produce proof of status by taking them to police for arrest.
	germanyalert.com /971029.htm (745 words)

	CNN.com - World - Election Watch
		Germany's bicameral legislature is composed of the Federal Assembly and the Federal Council.
		The Federal Council, the Bundesrat, consists of 69 members appointed by the Land (federal state) governments.
		The September 1998 election was the third federal election since the October 1990 reunification of the former German Democratic Republic with the Federal Republic of Germany.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/election.watch/europe/germany.html (99 words)

	FREE In-depth report - Bundesrat - Germany
		This system of representation, although designed to reflect Land populations accurately, in fact affords greater representation per inhabitant to the smaller Länder.
		The presidency of the Bundesrat rotates annually among the Länder.
		If you did not find the information you were looking for on the subject of Bundesrat you may wish to do another search of Exploitz.com: related Bundesrat search
	www.exploitz.com /Germany-Bundesrat-cg.php (638 words)

	freedominfo.org: foi news - germany
		The Act will now be considered in the Bundesrat (Senate) on July 8, but some press reports and commentators have warned of plans by the conservative majority in the upper house to "bur[y]" the law.
		Germany has not ratified the Convention, and in its declaration on the Convention stated: "The text of the Convention raises a number of difficult questions regarding its practical implementation in the German legal system.
		Despite the strides made by the federal government in passing the new law, the continued absence of FOI laws in 12 out of 16 German states means that 70% of the population in Germany is unable to request and receive information from their local public authorities.
	www.freedominfo.org /news/20050629.htm (1730 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For other laws the Bundesrat has a veto right, which might be overridden in the Bundestag with a two-thirds majority.
		The president of the Bundesrat is the deputy president of Germany.
		The current Bundesrat (1/1995) is composed of a majority of SPD-led governments, thereby constituting a strong counterweight to the CDU/CSU-led Bundestag.
	www.mathematik.uni-ulm.de /gn/glossar/bundesrat.html (122 words)

	Central Europe Review - German News Review
		The second proposal is obviously modelled on the German Bundesrat, where Germany's Länder take part in the national legislative process.
		Fischer's statement must be seen in the context of the present lead-up to the crucial Nice Summit in early December, where the 15 members of the EU are to remove certain structural obstacles in the EU's architecture before enlargement to Central and Eastern Europe can take place.
		Germany continued to challenge the Americans regarding this issue.
	www.ce-review.org /00/40/germanynews40.html (637 words)

	Final Study Guide
		Describe the process for electing the Presidents of France, Germany, and Italy.
		Describe the process for electing the Prime Ministers of France, Germany, and Itay.
		Compare and contrast the notions of citizenship in France and Germany.
	www.wtamu.edu /~jrausch/finalsg.htm (437 words)

	Germany Alert
		The Bundesrat, Germany's upper house, voted to change Article 13, allowing the government to eavesdrop on its citizens.
		The Bundesrat's action follows on last month's vote in the lower house, the Bundestag.
		It is the highest number of jobless recorded since the Federal Republic of Germany was founded.
	germanyalert.com /9802a.htm (683 words)

	[No title]
		Germany: Permanent Mission of Germany to the United Nations
		The aim of the project is to strenghten the local and regional adult education establishments in Bulgaria and thus contribute to the stability in Southeast Europe.
		Kinderberg International, Stuttgart, Germany/ New York, US The NGO was generated during the Balkan war.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /infosurance/output.cfm?Parent=259 (609 words)

	EMIRE: GERMANY - FEDERAL COUNCIL
		As the Länder Chamber, the Federal Council or Bundesrat is a federal body in which the individual Länder participate in the legislation and administration of the Federation.
		In contrast to the Federal Parliament, however, the members of the Federal Council are not appointed by the electorate but by the Land governments.
		Please note: the European industrial relations glossaries are not systematically updated, and some of the material may not reflect the current situation.
	www.eurofound.eu.int /emire/GERMANY/FEDERALCOUNCIL-DE.html (247 words)

	Federal Council - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Federal Council (Bundesrat in German) a political institution in several countries:
		Bundesrat of Germany, the upper house of the German federal parliament
		Federal Council of Austria, the upper house of the Austrian federal parliament
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bundesrat (161 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Germany
		A description of the history, government, politics and economy of Germany.
		Germany Debates 'Terrorist Chic': Art and Fashion Stir Memories of Leftist Violence in '70s
		Germany Arrests 2 Al Qaeda Suspects: Men Accused Of Planning Attacks in Iraq
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/world/europe/westerneurope/germany (357 words)

	GUIDE TO LAW ONLINE: Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		News Bulletins / Pressemitteilungen (Juristisches Internetprojekt Saarbrücken) provides news bulletins in German on the German Federal Constitutional Court and Federal Supreme Courts of Germany.
		Legal Research in Germany at the Crossroads of Traditional and Electronic Media: An Overview (Rita Exter and Martina Kammer, via LLRX) July 2, 2001
		Country Profile: Germany (Library of Congress) December 2005; PDF
	www.loc.gov /law/guide/germany.html (393 words)

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