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	WORMS, GERMANY FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Worms was a Christian bishopric since 614, (but was secularized in 1801 and passed to Hesse-Darmstadt).
		The Worms cathedral is one of the finest examples of Romanesque architecture in Germany.
		Most importantly, among more than a hundred Imperial Diets held at Worms, the ''Reichstag'' of 1521 (commonly known as ''the'' Diet_of_Worms), ended with the Edict_of_Worms at which Martin_Luther was declared an outlaw after refusing to recant his religious beliefs.
	www.enablepay.com /Worms,_Germany (708 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Burchard of Worms
		During a personal interview with his imperial master (1000) he was appointed to the vacant Bishopric of Worms; a few days later he was advanced to the priesthood and the episcopal dignity by Willigis at Heiligenstadt.
		He rebuilt the walls of Worms and with the approval of Henry II tore down the stronghold of a certain Duke Otto, which served as a place of refuge to criminals and malefactors.
		Personally Burchard was a saintly man. His biographer, probably an ecclesiastic, praises his devotion to prayer, his mortification, his fairness and charity towards others.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03064a.htm (526 words)

	Talk:Witch-hunt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It would be far too sweeping a conclusion to infer that the Catholic Church by this work proclaimed complete disbelief in witchcraft, but the passage at least proves that a more critical spirit prevailed among the clergy.
		The "Decretum" of Burchard, Bishop of Worms (about 1020), and especially its 19th book, often known separately as the "Corrector", is another work of great importance.
		Burchard, or the teachers from whom he has compiled his treatise, still believes in some forms of witchcraft - in magical potions, for instance, which may produce impotence or abortion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Witchhunt (4645 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: The Life of Burchard Bishop of Worms, 1025
		Burchard was born in the province of Hesse to parents who were not low according to the world's dignity.
		It therefore came to pass that the emperor granted the monastery of Lorsch to the church of Worms and established this with a charter and a perpetual privilege.
		Although Burchard greatly resisted and argued that he was unworthy to assume the episcopal office, the emperor insisted vigorously and compelled him to take it up, almost by force.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/1025burchard-vita.html (12212 words)

	World War 1 and 2 - Worms, Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Worms claims to be the site where the events of the ancient German Nibelungenlied took place -- but several other cities make this claim as well.
		Worms is maybe best known for its cathedral, one of the finest examples of Romanesque architecture in Germany.
		Maybe most importantly, among more than a hundred Imperial Diets held at Worms, the Reichstag of 1521 (commonly known as the Diet of Worms), ended with the Edict of Worms: Martin Luther was declared an outlaw after refusing to recant his religious beliefs.
	www.worldwardiary.com /history/Worms,_Germany (724 words)

	Wionwo.com: Destination Worms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The development and the attachment of the city, the establishment and legal security of religious institutions and the drawing up of a yard right for the basic wonderful bound population as well as a new building of the cathedral belong to the most important performances of this facet-rich personality.
		Beside the new building of the cathedral Worms owes Bishop Burchard its rich pin landscape: St. Paulus in the place of the Salierburg, St. Andreas, to the southern stadtmauer shifts and equipped with possession, St. Martin at the Ludwig workstation.
		The city of Worms offers sightseeing tours that allow you not only to see, but to experience the silent witnesses of a colourful past.
	www.wionwo.com /wionwoPrint.cfm?l=Worms (364 words)

	Martha Rampton/Dissertation Summary
		In the early sources all of these practices are condemned and reference is made to gender, but there is no sens that eith sex is more guilty that the other of practicing the magical arts, nor is there evidence of the classic early modern devil-worshipping witch.
		However, by 1000 Burchard of Worms, in the Corrector et Medicus an organized presentation of authoritative materials on penance which is replete with references to magic and magical practitioners) reveals a marked change in respect to the attitude towards women and magic.
		Burchard clearly views women as inclined to practice magic or superstitious acts, and his descriptions of female magic begin to resemble the activities of the diabolical hag as presented in the well-known Malleus Maleficarum which was printed in 1486.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /history/faculty/rampton/rampton2.html (948 words)

	FEAST OF FOOLS - LoveToKnow Article on FEAST OF FOOLS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The custom; indeed, so far from dying out, was adopted by the barbarian conquerors and spread among the Christian Goths in Spain, Franks in Gaul, Alemanni in Germany, and Anglo-Saxons in Britain.
		So late as the 11th century Bishop Burchard of Worms thOught it necessary to fulminate against the excesses connected with it (Decretuin, xix.
		Then, just as it appears to have been sinking into oblivion among the people, the clergy themselves gave it the character of a specific religious festival.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FO/FOOLS_FEAST_OF.htm (1049 words)

	Investiturstreit - Wikipedia
		Der 1025 gestorbene Bischof Burchard von Worms stellt das Kirchenrecht über das weltliche Recht, bezeichnet die Kaiser ebenso wie die Könige als Laien und verurteilt die Erhebung ins Bischofsamt mit der Unterstützung von Laien.
		Ebenso lehnte Wazzo von Lüttich es ab, dass Bischöfe dem König in den Fragen des Amtes Rechenschaft schuldig seien und sah die Treueverpflichtung nur noch in weltlichen Angelegenheiten als gegeben an.
		Weite Teile des deutschen Episkopats sahen in Gregors Bestrebungen zur Eindämmung der Simonie Nachteile und unterstützten deshalb den König.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Investiturstreit (1614 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Lex Familie Wormatiensis
		Given on the fourth day before the Kalends of August, in the twelfth indiction, in the year of our lord's incarnation 1014, in the 13th regnal year of the lord Henry the second, in the first year of his empire; [7] done at Mersifeld, in God's name, happily, amen
		Law of the familia of the church of Worms, ca.
		(28) This shall be the law: if anyone in the city draws a sword, or nocks an arrow and draws his bow, or lowers his lance, in other to kill another, he shall pay sixty shillings.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/lexworms.html (2964 words)

	St. Ivo of Chartres
		Though he died too early to witness the final triumph of his ideas with the Concordat of Worms (1122), his endeavours and his doctrines may be said to have paved the way for an agreement satisfactory to both sides.
		Both of these were composed before 1096, but the "Panormia" enjoyed a far greater success than the "Decretum"; we immediately find it at Durham and elsewhere in England, at Naumburg in Germany, etc. One of the improvements of this collection on the works of Burchard of Worms (d.
		As may be easily seen, theology and canon law are not yet precisely marked off from one another"--a defect which holds also for previous collections; the chapters on the Trinity, Incarnation, and especially the sacraments are worth seeing in this connection.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/i/ivo_of_chartres,saint.html (782 words)

	Articles - Worms, Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Worms is a city in the southwest of Germany, belonging to the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
		In the Frankish Empire, the city was the location of an important palatinate of Charlemagne (Karl der Grosse), who built one of his many administrative palaces here.
		Most importantly, among more than a hundred Imperial Diets held at Worms, the Reichstag of 1521 (commonly known as the Diet of Worms), ended with the Edict of Worms at which Martin Luther was declared an outlaw after refusing to recant his religious beliefs.
	www.bronzebass.com /articles/Worms,_Germany?mySession=497f4696132e0042f1f7e81fc784b433 (733 words)

	Bischof Burchard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In Worms, der wohl ältesten Stadt auf deutschem Boden, wirkte Bischof Burchard I. von 1000 bis 1025 einflußreich und weitblickend.
		Dies läßt sich an den umfangreichen innerkirchlichen Reformen in Worms deutliche erkennen.
		An diesen durch klassische Musik umrahmten Empfang schloß sich in der Weihekirche von Burchard zum Bischof von Worms "St. Martin" ein gregorianisches Konzert der Göttinger Choralschola an.
	st-marien.eichsfeld-net.de /texte/bburchard.htm (861 words)

	A HISTORY OF THE CHURCH To the Eve of the Reformation : L.5, C.1.
		His use of the powers he usurped was admirable; and the new and growing tradition of which he is the best example finds its way into the writings of one of the earliest of the canon lawyers, Burchard, Bishop of Worms, who during this reign began to compile his famous collection.
		The pope was a magician, a sorcerer, the protector of heretics, a poisoner who had made away with his four predecessors; his deposition was decreed, and in his place was "elected" the Archbishop of Ravenna who for ten years had led the anti-papal movement in Italy.
		The Concordant of Worms was a compromise, [ ] hut a compromise which registered the victory of the principle for which the popes, during eighty years of controversy, had contended, namely that bishops should not, as of right, owe their promotion to the lay sovereign.
	www.franciscan-sfo.org /ap/hu/hb5-1.htm (11057 words)

	Burchard Of Worms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In grammar, a preposition is a word that establishes a relationship betweenan object (usually a noun phrase)and some other part of the sentence, oftenexpressing a location in place or time.
		A song called "Worm" by Ministry from their 2004 album The Houses of the Molé.
		Rene Worms founder of the Institut International de Sociologie in 1893.
	www.swingdancemusic.com /send/31175-burchard%20of%20worms.html (364 words)

	MIKE MACNAIR \| Vicinage and the Antecedents of the Jury \| Law and History Review, Volume 17 Number 3, 17.3 \| The ...
		At the Synod of Toul in 838 a dispute as to the boundaries of parishes was settled by "investigantes testimonio multorum, tam clericorum quam laicorum, qui antiquiores videbantur" (investigating by the testimony of many, clergy and lay, who appeared to be the older), who set out the parish bounds on oath.
		Burchard of Worms attributes to one of the Synods of Aachen a diluted version that mixes this procedure with the use of the judgment of God, as in the Alaman and Bavarian laws:
		The acts of the Synod of Friuli (796/97) contain a provision requiring espousal and a delay before marriage, to allow enquiries from "vicini vel majores natu loci illius, qui possint scire lineam generationum utrorumque" (the neighbors and elders of the place, who may be able to know the ancestry of both of them).
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lhr/17.3/macnair.html (9526 words)

	Dom zu worms
		Worms wurde im Jahr 416 Hauptstadt des Burgunderreiches.
		Worms war die Stadt, inder die bedeutende Reichsfürstenversammlung und der Reichstag statt fand.
		Dies war der Zeitpunkt indem Worms seine ökonimische und politische Bedeutung verlor, da jetzt die Glaubensspaltung einsetzte und einige Kirchengemeinden spontan zum lutherischen Glauben überwechselten und 1556 folgten alle Pfarreien auf kurpfälzer Gebiet.
	www.deisenroth-zoeller.de /worms.htm (793 words)

	Bistum und Dom zu Worms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Worms war ursprünglich ein eigenes Bistum, dessen Geschichte in der ersten Hälfte des 4.
		Worms entwickelte sich auch zu einem Zentrum des europäischen Judentums, das noch heute einmalige Erinnerungen an das jüdische Leben vieler Jahrunderte bietet.
		Jahrhundert hatten in unregelmäßiger Reihenfolge der Erzbischöfe von Mainz und Trier oft auch zugleich den Bischofsstuhl von Worms inne.
	www.kath.de /bistum/mainz/kirche/mzkirdwo.htm (563 words)

	Cardinal Deusdedit
		These canons were partly taken from earlier collections, e.
		that of Burchard of Worms, partly from the original documents found in the archives and the library of the Lateran palace.
		The sources of the collections are to be found in Holy Scripture, the councils, letters of popes, writings of the Fathers, letters of temporal rulers, and civil laws.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/d/deusdedit,cardinal.html (663 words)

	Past & Present: Common violence: vengeance and inquisition in fourteenth-century Marseille
		Consider the diatribe of the early eleventh-century bishop Burchard of Worms:
		Burchard's characterization of violence as a crime without reason was a little disingenuous, however.
		Violence was often linked to vengeance in the Middle Ages, and vengeance was something that all could understand, even men of the church.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2279/is_n151/ai_18314959 (989 words)

	Herbs, Knots, and Contraception
		Five centuries after Caesarius, bishop Burchard of Worms ordered an unusually heavy penance (ten years of partial fasting) for women who used traditional means of birth control.
		He added that “an ancient determination removed such [women] from the church until the end of their lives.” [Decretum, 19, in Noonan, 160] Canon lawyers equated refusal of hospitality to the fertile egg with murder, while absolving men who raped or killed in battle and fully intended to do it again.
		As late as 1025 the Corrector Burchardi referred to women's use of “maleficia and herbs” in birth control, implying that ceremonial was as much a part of it as the medical drinks.
	www.suppressedhistories.net /secret_history/contraception.html (2753 words)

	Lehstuhl Prof. Dr. Elmar Wadle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vor diesem Hintergrund befanden sich bis 1084 die Mitglieder der jüdischen Gemeinden von Worms und Speyer, abgesehen von diesem oder jenem, der glücklich in die Muntschaft des Königs aufgenommen worden war, formal in einem Zustande der Rechts- und Schutzlosigkeit[12].
		Allerdings kam auch der Bischof der Stadt wie zum Beispiel in Worms nicht immer in den Genuß von Sonderabgaben, die ja aus dem Schutzversprechen selbst resultierten[44].
		Des weiteren existiert eine authentische Abschrift des Bischofs Eberhard von Worms aus dem Jahre 1260[55], und das letzte vorliegende Transsumpt des Privilegs datiert aus dem Jahr 1360 (durch Erzbischof Wilhelm von Köln)[56].
	www.jura.uni-sb.de /FB/LS/Wadle/bieker.htm (4140 words)

	worms.de > Tourism
		Welcome to Worms on the Rhine, the Nibelungen town.
		An important era of Worms’ histroy began with the entry of Siegfried.
		Experience the thousand year old history of the Jewish community in the “Rashi house”, the museum of the synagogue, and “Holy Sands”, the oldest Jewish cemetery in Europe.
	www.worms.de /englisch/tourismus/index.php (144 words)

	Holy War Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The canonist Burchard of Worms, writing in around 1012, wrote that a soldier fighting in a just war is 'God's minister' provided he had right intention; as would be the case here.
		Yet, soldiers could still sin through greed for booty or anger, and then they would have to perform penance.
		[Burchard, in PL 140, quoted by J. Gilchrist, 'The papacy and war against the "Saracens"', International History Review, 10 (1988), 174-97.]
	freespace.virgin.net /nigel.nicholson/SSCLE/holywarN.html (303 words)

	Articles - Decretum Gratiani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The publication of his Decretum had a profound effect: it allowed canon law to be taught and learned in a scientific manner, especially at the famous law school at the University of Bologna.
		It was occasionally claimed that Gratian did not use Burchard of Worms' Decretorum Libri XX, but this does not appear to be true.
		Gratian systematically mentions a number of other collections, but Burchard's name is also mentioned twice in the Decretum (both times in D.73.1.
	www.poncier.com /articles/Decretum_Gratiani (436 words)

	Folklore: "Folklore" and "popular religion" in Britain during the Middle Ages
		From the late twelfth century onwards, exempla indicate that some men and women thought it unlucky to meet a priest in the street and that others were not averse to crumbling communion wafers over their crops to protect them.
		Casting our eyes across the channel for a moment, we find that the penitential handbook written around the year 1000 by Burchard of Worms, the Corrector, condemns those who feared to go outside before cockcrow because evil spirits were abroad (Burchard of Worms 1898, 442).
		This might be read as an instance of the beliefs of a literate clergyman who participated in elite culture being in tension with the folkloric beliefs of the masses.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2386/is_2_115/ai_n8693725 (1339 words)

	Travel Guide - Online Reservation - Warsaw Accommodation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Worms (pronounced /vÉ”rms/) is a city in the southwest of Germany.
		Its name is of Celtic origin: Borbetomagus meant "settlement in a watery area".
		The most famous of the early medieval bishops was Burchard of Worms.
	www.warsaw-hotel.info /poland-guide/Worms,_Germany (801 words)

	Worms Travel Directory - Destinations, Hotels, Airline Tickets and more... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Worms Travel Directory - Destinations, Hotels, Airline Tickets and more...
		Visit the Worldwide and Holiday Festival Site and coordinate your trip depending on the Anniversary of the Republic in Madagascar or the start of Ramadam in Brunei.
		All fares are subject to changes according to current market conditions.
	www.affordabletravel.org /europe/germany/rhinelandpalatinate/worms (774 words)

	© The papacy, religious change and church reform, 1049-1125: Canon law and reform treatises (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		From the late tenth century onwards, most such collections were no longer arranged historically, in chronological order of councils or papal letters, but systematically by subject, which of course made it much easier for their users to find canon law texts on a particular topic.
		The opening of Bishop Burchard of Worms's Decretum shows the way in which such collections were put together and the sources on which they drew:
		We have already met a number of writings on church matters in the earlier sections of this tutorial.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /~jfec/cal/papacy/comments/cd2com06.htm (424 words)

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