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	bureau des longitudes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Bureau des Longitudes is a French scientific institution, founded by decree of June 25 1795 and charged with the improvement of nautical navigation, standardisation of time-keeping, geodesy and astronomical observation.
		The Bureau was founded by the National Convention after it heard a report drawn up jointly by the Committee of Navy, the Committee of Finances and the Committee of State education.
		The French Bureau of Longitude established a commission in the year 1897 to extend the metric system to the measurement of time.
	yourencyclopedia.net /bureau_des_longitudes.html (634 words)

	History - IMCCE
		The Bureau des longitudes was founded by a law of the Convention Nationale (French national assembly) of June 25, 1795 (7 messidor year III of the republican calendar).
		The bicentenary of the Bureau des longitudes was celebrated in Paris on July 3, 1995.
		The Bureau des longitudes is an academy of 16 members and 32 correspondents (astronomers, geophysicists and physicists), working in their own laboratories, they guarantee and define the missions of public utility entrusted to the Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des éphémérides.
	www.bdl.fr /en/presentation/histo.php (454 words)

	Académie du Bdl - IMCCE
		The Bureau des longitudes is an academy responsible of the definition of the French National Ephemerides.
		Here is the text founder of the Bureau des longitudes (law of the messidor 7, year 3 by the Convention Nationale) and here are informations about the history of the Bureau des longitudes.
		By decree of June 2, 1998, the Bureau des longitudes missions' such as the directories publication, astronomical tables, astronomical data useful to the life of the nation are entrusted to the Institut de mechanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides which succeeded its calculations service.
	www.bdl.fr /en/presentation/bdl.php (452 words)

	Bureau des Longitudes -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Bureau now functions as an (An institution for the advancement of art or science or literature) academy and still meets monthly to discuss topics related to (The branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole) astronomy.
		The Bureau was charged with taking control of the seas away from the (An Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the Commonwealth countries) English and improving accuracy when tracking the longitudes of ships through astronomical observations and reliable clocks.
		Annuaire du Bureau des longitude, (An annual publication containing tabular information in a particular field or fields arranged according to the calendar of a given year) almanac and (A system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year) calendar for public and civil use, published annually since 1795;
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bu/bureau_des_longitudes.htm (743 words)

	Le Bureau des Longitudes
		Le Bureau des longitudes a été créé par une loi (toujours en vigueur) de la Convention Nationale du 7 messidor an III (25 juin 1795) après audition d'un rapport établi conjointement par le Comité de Marine, le Comité des Finances et le Comité d'Instruction Publique.
		Le Bureau des longitudes dut faire un inventaire des observatoires et rendre compte annuellement de ses travaux dans une séance publique.
		Les membres du Bureau des longitudes se réunirent tout d'abord dans une salle du Petit-Luxembourg puis au Louvre jusqu'au 29 nivôse an XII (20 janvier 1804), à l'Observatoire jusqu'en 1874 et au Palais de l'Institut ensuite, où ils se réunissent toujours.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /cadastre/longitude.htm (790 words)

	Louis Poinsot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Poinsot thus gave up civil engineering and left the École des Ponts et Chaussée to become a mathematics teacher at the secondary school Lycée Bonaparte in Paris, from 1804 to 1809.
		By 1812 Poinsot was no longer directly teaching at École Polytechnique using substitute teacher Reynaud, and later Cauchy, and lost his post in 1816 when they re-organized, but he did become admissions examiner and held that for another 10 years.
		He also worked at the famous Bureau des Longitudes from 1839 until his death.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Poinsot (983 words)

	As Longitudes e a Ciência moderna
		Assim, a diferença horária entre dois lugares é igual à diferença de longitudes, como explica Monteiro da Rocha [1].
		As três distâncias angulares fundamentais medidas para determinar a longitude pelo método lunar
		De facto, segundo a lei da atracção universal, a força que um astro 1 exerce sobre um astro 2 é igual a
	www.mat.uc.pt /~helios/Mestre/Julho00/H41_long.htm (3877 words)

	direction du Bureau des Longitudes (1795-1854)
		Des dix membres du Bureau, quatre sont statutairement des astronomes: Lalande, Cassini, Méchain et Delambre sont nommés à ce titre.
		Cassini va revenir de sa terre de Thury, assister à quelques séances, puis démissionner au début de 1796 ; il sera remplacé par Messier.
		A partir de 1845, Arago va procéder à la réalisation de la grande coupole qui surmonte la tour est du bâtiment, et à celle de la monture de la grande lunette équatoriale qui y sera installée.
	www.obspm.fr /histoire/paris/bdl.fr.shtml (2048 words)

	Anovi - XIXe siècle
		De santé fragile, il est élevé par sa mère dans les préceptes de la religion, tandis que son père se charge de lui enseigner les humanités.
		De retour à Paris en 1800, alors que la Révolution s’est stabilisé avec le Consulat de Bonaparte, il entre en 1802 à l’École Centrale du Panthéon afin d’étudier les langues classiques.
		Diplômé de l’institution en 1807, Cauchy intègre l’École des Ponts et Chaussées, devenu un des grands corps de l’État sous l’Empire.
	www.19e.org /personnages/france/C/cauchy.htm (880 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The planetocentric coordinates (E5-V2) are : planetographic longitude and latitude of sub-Earth point and position angle of the axis of rotation (north pole of the body).
		omega : longitude of the ascending node (degree).
		The longitude of the location has to be written with the format DDD.MM, negatively westward and positively eastward between -180.00 and +180.00.
	artemmis.univ-mrs.fr /cybermeca/Formcont/mecaspa/EPHEMERI/planeph.doc (3123 words)

	Arago, François (1786-1853) X1803 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Il est tout d'abord secrétaire du Bureau des longitudes en 1805, adjoint de Biot, puis Napoléon le charge d'achever la mesure de l'arc du méridien terrestre en 1806.
		Il entre comme membre titulaire de l'Académie des sciences en 1809, est choisi par Monge comme suppléant de 1809 à 1816, puis devient professeur d'analyse appliquée, de géodésie et d'arithmétique sociale à Polytechnique de 1816 à 1828.
		Député de 1830 à 1852, ministre de la marine et de la guerre, il abolit l'esclavage aux colonies en 1848.
	www.bibliotheque.polytechnique.fr /patrimoine/collectionhomme/Arago.html (230 words)

	Frequency Map Analysis
		In collaboration with visiting scientists from the Astronomie et Systemes Dynamiques department at the French Bureau des Longitudes in Paris, accelerator physicists from the ALS have applied the technique of frequency map analysis to measurements of the electron beam in the ALS.
		The excellent agreement between the map based on experimental data and that obtained with calibrated numerical models leads the scientists to propose the use of the technique to improve both numerical models and the behavior of storage rings, including important parameters such as lifetime and injection efficiency.
		The calculation of the frequency maps involves numerical integration of the equations of motion with a fast-converging modified Fourier technique to obtain a quasi-periodic approximation to the calculated trajectories from which the fundamental frequencies are extracted.
	www-als.lbl.gov /als/science/sci_archive/freqmap.html (907 words)

	Quantum Physics: Louis de Broglie: Confirming de Broglie's Matter Waves / WaveLength of Quantum Physics Biography
		His brother Maurice de Broglie was at that time carrying out experimental work on X-rays and this proved a considerable interest to de Broglie during the first few years of the 1920s during which he worked for his doctorate.
		Louis de Broglie became a member of the Académie des sciences in 1933, and was the academy's perpetual secretary from 1942.
		De Broglie noted that relativity theory predicts that, when such a particle is set in motion, its total relativistic energy will increase, tending to infinity as the speed of light is approached.
	www.spaceandmotion.com /Physics-Louis-de-Broglie.htm (4106 words)

	Gambey, Henri-Prudent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Arago, directeur de l'Observatoire, eut l'occasion de l'employer pour des travaux délicats et, ayant apprécié son habileté, fit sa réputation et lui accorda son amitié.
		Gambey obtint la clientèle de l'Observatoire, du Bureau des Longitudes, de tous les savants de son époque, fut associé aux Académies de Stockholm et de Genève, membre du Bureau des Longitudes puis, en 1837, de l'Académie des sciences.
		Il a fabriqué des instruments de haute précision, un théodolite pour Coulomb, des boussoles de déclinaison, un héliostat pour Fresnel, un cathétomètre, ou mesureur vertical, pour Dubourg et Petit, pour l'Observatoire de Paris un équatorial et une lunette des passages et, pour l'Ecole polytechnique un sphéromètre.
	www.bibliotheque.polytechnique.fr /patrimoine/collectionhomme/BioGambey.html (162 words)

	Longitudes del DES de la oficina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Las longitudes del DES de la oficina son una institución científica francesa, fundada por el decreto del de junio 25 de 1795 y cargada con la mejoría de la navegación náutica, estandardización de la observación tiempo-que guarda, geodesy y astronómica.
		Trabajó más adelante para sincronizar tiempo a través del imperio colonial francés determinando la longitud de la hora para una señal de hacer un viaje redondo a y desde una colonia francesa.
		Algunos miembros de la oficina de la comisión de la longitud introdujeron una oferta del compromiso, conservando la hora pasada de moda como la unidad del tiempo básica y dividiéndola en centésimo y diez milésimos.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/lo/Longitudes%20del%20DES%20de%20la%20oficina.htm (700 words)

	Dominique Arago (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Through all these vicissitudes Arago had succeeded in preserving the records of his survey; and his first act on his return home was to deposit them in the Bureau des Longitudes at Paris.
		At the same time he was named by the emperor one of the astronomers of the Royal Observatory, which was accordingly his residence till his death, and it was in this capacity that he delivered his remarkably successful series of popular lectures in astronomy, which were continued from 1812 to 1845.
		Arago was elected a member the Board of Longitude immediately afterwards, and contributed to each of its Annuals, for about twenty-two years, important scientific notices on astronomy and meteorology and occasionally on civil engineering, as well as interesting memoirs of members of the Academy.
	www.eurofreehost.com /do/Dominique_Arago_4.html (640 words)

	Presentation - IMCCE
		The Institut de Mécanique Céléste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE) was created by decree of June 2, 1998 and replaced the Service des calculs et de mécanique céleste of the Bureau des Longitudes.
		Connaissance des Temps (founded in 1679, published by the Bureau des Longitudes since 1795).
		Master de l'observatoire de Paris and in several universities (Paris 6, Paris 7, Paris XI and Lille 1), on related subjects to the research topics of the Institut (celestial mechanics, astrometry, mathematics).
	portail.imcce.fr /en/presentation/presentation.php (765 words)

	ASTRONOMIE
		Nommé successivement horloger de la Marine, membre du Bureau des Longitudes et membre de l'Académie des Sciences, il a enrichi la science de la mesure du temps appliquée à la navigation, à; l'astronomie, à la physique, d'un grand nombre d'instruments précieux.
		Lorsqu’il en vient aux résultats de ses propres recherches ou de celles de ses contemporains, il écrit comme il le ferait s’adressant à ses collègues.
		Il donne l’impression d’avoir lu la totalité de la littérature des sciences exactes, d’avoir suivi les recherches en cours tout au long de son existence et, surtout, d’avoir bénéficié d’une mémoire extraordinaire.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /alta.mathematica/astronomy.html (1312 words)

	CERN Courier - Mapping chaos in particle re - IOP Publishing - article
		The story of frequency map analysis began in 1989 when Jacques Laskar (Bureau des Longitudes, Paris) demonstrated that the motion of the solar system is chaotic (Laskar 1989).
		Frequency map analysis was applied to particle accelerators for the first time in 1992, when Scott Dumas, a mathematician from Cincinatti, visited the Bureau des Longitudes to discuss some of the difficulties that arise in accelerator dynamics.
		This resulted in an ongoing collaboration between the Astronomie et Systèmes Dynamiques group at the Bureau des Longitudes and ALS accelerator physicists, with the goal of investigating this new application of frequency map analysis to the study of ALS dynamics.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/41/1/9 (1086 words)

	WAW posters
		Elle doit permettre d'acceder a une masse de donnees extremement importante, correspondant a l'arrivee et au stockage d'environ 180 images par jour (une image representant entre 2 et 4 mega octets), pendant la duree de la mission (deux ans, lancement en septembre 1995).
		L'objectif final de BASS 2000 étant d'archiver et de diffuser en ligne l'ensemble des données solaires "Sol" françcaises à l'horizon de l'an 2000.
		Le but principal de cette base de données, est de fournir un nouvel outil scientifique à la communauté solaire à partir d'un archivage et d'une diffusion des données solaires "sol", mais aussi par une mise à disposition de modèles et codes numériques (Transfert, MHD,...) produits par cette communauté pour l'interprétation des mesures.
	cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr /waw/poster.html (3414 words)

	Delambre, The Metric System - Timeline Index
		In 1795 Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre was admitted to the Bureau des Longitudes, becoming President in 1800.
		It was decided to measure, using the method of triangulation with sightings made with the Borda repeating circle which was an extremely accurate new instrument, that part of the meridian between Dunkerque and Barcelona.
		Although Dominique Cassini was keen to take charge of the project, he refused to personally measure one sector and, on 5 May 1792 Delambre was given charge of the Dunkerque to Rodez sector and Méchain the Rodez to Barcelona sector.
	www.timelineindex.com /content/view/1241 (394 words)

	On the use of wavelet analysis for the fitting of a dynamical theory to observations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The efficiency of this new technique is assessed by tests with extrapolations using observational samples not used in the fit.
		Since the work of Gaillot in 1913 (Gaillot 1913), the analytical solutions of the Bureau des longitudes have not been fit to actual observations.
		The VSOPxx (Bretagnon 1982; Bretagnon & Francou 1988) analytical theories of the motion of the 8 planets of the solar system are presently the modern solutions of the IMC-Bureau des longitudes; however, until this work, VSOPxx were fit only to the JPL numerical integrations, Dexxx (Standish 1995, 1998).
	aanda.u-strasbg.fr:2002 /articles/aa/abs/2001/12/aa9507/aa9507.html (190 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		CC 315bmaison de jeu, du tribunal, du bureau de loterie et du mauvais lieu.
		du comité de bienfaisance et du bureau de charité.
		Ev 357bchambre, et envoya le garçon de bureau chercher un médecin.
	lolita.unice.fr /~brunet/BALZAC/B/B10463.htm (3812 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		He was Corresponding member of the Bureau des Longitudes and astronomer at the IMCCE (Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides) at the Paris Observatory.
		It is not excessive to state that Pierre Bretagnon was one of the most brilliant scientists of his generation in the difficult field of Celestial Mechanics applied to bodies of the Solar system.
		In line with the French tradition maintained in the Bureau des Longitudes and now at the INCCE, Pierre Bretagnon was one of the best successors of Laplace, Delaunay, and Le Verrier.
	danof.obspm.fr /iaudiv1/Bretagnon.html (622 words)

	Bureau des Longitudes -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It was headed during this time by (Click link for more info and facts about François Arago) François Arago and (Click link for more info and facts about Henri Poincaré) Henri Poincaré.
		Since 1970, the board has been constituted with 13 members, 3 nominated by the (Click link for more info and facts about Académie des Sciences) Académie des Sciences.
		Connaissance des temps, astronomical (Click link for more info and facts about ephemerides) ephemerides, published annually since 1679;
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/B/Bu/Bureau_des_Longitudes.htm (743 words)

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