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	Degenerated workers' state - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Soviet state of that period was held to be a workers' state because the bourgeoisie had been politically overthrown and the economic basis of that state lay in nationalized property.
		The theory that the Soviet Union was a degenerated workers' state is closely connected to Trotsky's call for a political revolution in the USSR, as well as Trotsky's call for defense of the USSR against capitalist restoration.
		The term deformed workers' state was coined by the Fourth International to describe states other than the Soviet Union which are or were based upon nationalized property, but in which the working class never held direct political power.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Degenerated_workers'_state (409 words)

	Freezing Trotsky's Analyses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-21)
		Mandel draws a wrong theoretical conclusion on the question of workers’ state on the basis of the assumption that the state in the Soviet Union is “still a proletarian dictatorship despite its bureaucratic degeneration”.
		As the Soviet state completely ceased to be a workers’ state after a bureaucratic counter-revolution, the idea that “the bureaucracy is a social caste dependent on the institutions that had flowed from the October Revolution” lost any objective ground after 1929.
		Thus, in a country where the bureaucratic regime is in effect, irrespective of whether this country is in the process of capitalist restoration or not, the first political step of the proletarian social revolution is the overthrow of the bureaucratic domination in power.
	www.marksist.com /kitaplik/onlineKitap/ILM/ch7.htm (8832 words)

	Trotsky’s Views on the USSR
		The state ownership that was “preserved” under the domination of the bureaucracy meant preparing the material foundations of the dictatorship of the bureaucracy.
		Free labour is incompatible with the existence of a bureaucratic state.
		The concept of “workers’ state” in the expression “the organ of the world bourgeoisie in the workers’ state” used by Trotsky in underscoring the possible role of the Soviet bureaucracy was totally flimsy.
	www.marksist.com /kitaplik/onlineKitap/ILM/ch6.htm (9033 words)

	Introduction -- Theories of Stalinism
		In the aftermath of the revolution the Soviet workers’ state degenerated rapidly: workers’ gains were stripped away and the international revolution was dammed up and defeated.
		Nevertheless, whenever there was a prospect of proletarian revolution in the Stalinist world, from the Polish workers’ councils and the Hungarian revolution of 1956 to the present, Western authorities swallowed their hatred and called for reforms and stability, not the overthrow of the threatened Stalinist regimes.
		We emphasize the unavoidability of bourgeois forms in the transitional workers’ state, in contrast to prevailing notions that such a state is either “post-capitalist,” on the one hand, or necessarily non-proletarian, on the other.
	www.lrp-cofi.org /book/intro.html (6163 words)

	Theories of the USSR in light of its collapse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-21)
		The USSR was a “bureaucratically degenerated workers’ state”.
		But the apparatus of the workers’ state underwent a complete degeneration at the same time: it was transformed from a weapon of the working class into a weapon of bureaucratic violence against the working class and more and more a weapon for the sabotage of the country’s economy.
		That is, his proposals didn’t go in the direction of empowering the workers and peasants to democratically run their enterprises, or to reviving the soviets as real workers and peasants committees to democratically run the government and the economic plan.
	www.dsp.org.au /links/back/issue18/Sheppard.htm (5772 words)

	Miami FTAA Protest: Cops Rampage Against Youth, Labor : LA IMC
		To the contrary, the collapse of the bureaucratically degenerated Soviet workers state cleared the field for the hegemonic power of the U.S. The Soviet Union when it existed was a counterweight to U.S. imperialism.
		Despite the degeneration of the Soviet workers state under Stalinist misrule, it was a measure of the power of the planned, collectivized economy that it provided jobs, housing, education and health care for all.
		Workers create the wealth of this society with their labor and can bring the capitalists to their knees by withholding that labor power.
	la.indymedia.org /print.php?id=100057 (4025 words)

	math lessons - Trotskyism
		Trotsky later developed the theory that the Russian workers' state had become a "bureaucratically degenerated workers' state".
		Each of the latter groups also maintain their own international tendencies as does the Socialist Workers Party the largest Trotskyist group in Britain which leads the International Socialist tendency from which the International Socialist Organization in the United States, the largest such group in that country, split from some years ago.
		Also of importance is the Committee for a Workers International led by the Socialist Party (formerly Militant) and the Committee to Refound the Fourth International led by Partido Obrero in Argentina.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Trotskyists (977 words)

	History of socialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The misery of the industrial workers in the unregulated economies of the early 19th century provoked anger among many observers, and the formulation of socialist principles was an attempt to devise a way of producing wealth without such crude exploitation.
		According to Marx, once private property had been abolished, the state would then "wither away," and humanity would move on to a higher stage of society, "communism." This distinction continues to be used by Marxists, and is the cause of much confusion.
		The union was sufficiently threatening to the government that on December 13, 1981, the head of state, Wojciech Jaruzelski declared martial law, suspended the union, and imprisoned most of its leaders.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/History_of_socialism (8133 words)

	Upheaval in China! - FIT
		Students and workers around the world, hearing the Chinese people’s complaints, are thinking that the issues in China are not so different than the issues they face in their own countries.
		A political agenda which brings the workers, peasants, intellectuals, and students to the realization that they have the right not only to speak and be listened to, but to rule China, will make the difference between a groundswell which shakes the foundation of bureaucratic rule and a groundswell which topples the structure.
		Other workers, who have identified their own interests with those of the Soviet or Chinese leaderships, are even now becoming convinced that the parties which they have followed in the past hold no promise for the future.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/document/fit/fit08.htm (7897 words)

	Imperialists Carry Out Massacre in Falluja
		In the aftermath of the 1991-92 destruction of the bureaucratically degenerated workers state in the USSR, the American imperialist rulers, whether of Democratic or Republican persuasion, moved to realize their aspirations to tighten control of the Near East.
		A recent army survey states that 72 percent of the soldiers report that morale in their unit is now low, as suicide rates among those in active duty are at an all-time high.
		Mejia stated, "I did not sign up for the military to go halfway around the world to be an instrument of oppression." In recent weeks, hundreds of veterans and family members of military personnel have demonstrated in opposition to the war.
	www.spartacist.org /english/wv/archives/oldsite/2004/Iraq-824.html (2567 words)

	TL-IBT DEBATE
		And then, beyond that, the English-Canadian postal workers began to have an influence on other workers in their localities who observed that they had pretty vigorous picket lines, that they weren't afraid to shut the plant down, etc. And that contributed significantly to the rising levels of class struggle in the late `60s.
		The railworkers' strike was stabbed in the back by the labor bureaucrats, it was stabbed in the back by the NDP who supported the legislation at a critical stage, but it was not crippled by nationalist poison.
		On this basis, he denounced our contention that Quebec independence was necessary for the workers of each nation to see their own rulers as the enemy; he mocked our assertion that chauvinism and nationalism were the fundamental roadblock to revolutionary class consciousness, and therefore to successful working-class struggle.
	www.bolshevik.org /Leaflets/brock.html (19777 words)

	Trotskyism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-21)
		Stalin did this to show that he was not a threat to capitalist rule and so hoped to avoid an invasion by the imperialist powers, as happened after the 1917 revolution.
		However the state was controlled by a bureaucratic caste with interests hostile to those of the working class.
		However, the Sri Lankan Trotskyist party and the Bolivian Trotskyist party became the mass workers parties in those countries, prior to experiencing defeats and setbacks at a later stage.
	www.montereycaus.com /details/Trotskyism (2152 words)

	austin indymedia: Miami FTAA Protest: Cops Rampage Against Youth, Labor
		One unofficial slogan of the anti-globalization movement is “Another world is possible.” Some steel workers in Miami even had the slogan emblazoned across the backs of their union T-shirts.
		The Miami events were a vivid lesson in how the capitalist state cannot be neutral but is rather the armed and violent defender of the capitalist order.
		Although the Cuban workers state was deformed from the outset by the rule of the nationalist Castro bureaucracy and the absence of the proletariat in the revolution, the smashing of capitalist class rule in 1960-61 has enabled the Cuban masses to make great strides forward in their living conditions.
	austin.indymedia.org /newswire/display/15320/index.php (4043 words)

	Socialism and the Soviet Bloc
		Its author, having hailed the French student and worker rising of 1968 as a possible portent of Marx's return to his home ground, that of advanced capitalism, does not change sides because events are moving more slowly than he would have hoped.
		The authorities in their search for higher productivity will be driven to break the existing truce, to attack directly the interests of the workers and thus lead, unwittingly, to the revival of a labor movement.
		The strikes and concessions they wrung from the Government in the summer of 1980 suggest that the Polish workers may be on the way to conquering the right to strike.
	www.thenation.com /doc/19810214/singer (2762 words)

	Women Enslaved by Islamic Reaction
		Seeing the U.S. at an impasse in Iran, the Kremlin bureaucrats seized the time to quell the uprising by the Afghan mullahs and khans, deployed thousands of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, and in the process extended their defense perimeter by several hundred miles around the eastern flank of Iran.
		Since the destruction of the Soviet workers state through capitalist counterrevolution in 1991-92, the U.S. imperialists aim to reconquer and exploit China, the most populous country on earth.
		We fight to forge Bolshevik parties internationally to lead the workers—standing at the head of all the oppressed—to power and to a society in which capitalist oppression and enslavement of women are relics of a barbaric past.
	www.spartacist.org /english/wv/archives/oldsite/2001/Afghan.htm (6465 words)

	Rethinking Marxism In This Issue Summary of Volume 9, Number 3 (Fall, 1996/7) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-21)
		Burczak sets out to accomplish his task by arguing for a definition of socialism that is not restricted to the democratic, collective appropriation of surplus by workers at the site of production, but also concerns itself with distributive justice within society as a whole.
		Thus, for example, he touches upon the leadership of James Connolly, the Irish socialist who believed that the nationalist movement at the turn of the century had to be fused with the growing Irish industrial working class.
		He summarizes recent Marxist theoretical work as significant in targeting the "revolutionary potential of Protestant workers" and in rejecting the prior view of the South as a neocolonial state, for which nationalism was thought to take precedence over workers’ complaints and desires.
	www.nd.edu /~remarx/rm/contents/rm9-3.html (1725 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How
		(The similar Eastern European communist governments which came into being after World War II without a revolution were later referred to as "deformed workers' states" by some Trotskyists.) Many of Trotsky's criticisms of Stalinism were described in his book, The Revolution Betrayed (http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1936-rev/index.htm).
		Among the largest Trotskyist organisations today are the Socialist Workers Party and the Socialist Party (formerly Militant) in Britain, Lutte Ouvrière and the Ligue communiste revolutionnaire in France, the International Socialist Organization in the United States, and the Partido Obrero in Argentina.
		Three smaller Trotskyist groups are the Spartacist League (see International Spartacist Tendency), the League for the Fifth International (in Britain consisting of Workers Power) and Socialist Alternative in Canada.
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Trotskyism (523 words)

	Ireland Information Guide , Irish, Counties, Facts, Statistics, Tourism, Culture, How
		He was first arrested in 1898 while working as an organizer for the South Russian Workers' Union.
		He was sentenced to two years in prison.
		Trotsky promulgated the idea of organizing workforce into labor armies as an ultimate form of fulfilling the obligations of the liberated working class with respect to their "worker-peasant state".
	www.irelandinformationguide.com /Trotsky (1371 words)

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