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	Syria Gate - About Syria - History Of Syria
		Syria, was neglected greatly under the Abbasid Dynasty, this is reflected by the lack of Abbasid architecture in Syria, which is only evident in Raqqa.
		After the reign of Harun Al Rashid, the Fatimids in 978AD took over the South and Damascus, while Aleppo was ruled by the Hamdanids in the 10th and 11th Centuries.
		Eight years after the Burgi Mamelukes took power (from their capital in Cairo), saw the attack of the Mongols who destroyed everything in their way.
	www.syriagate.com /Syria/about/general/history.htm (1940 words)

	Islamic history of Egypt-Tulunid-Ekhshidit-Fatimids Caliph
		He became a leader in Abbasids army, then came to Egypt and was appointed as a deputy of Al Mostaaen Abbasid Caliph.
		The turbulent Circassian Mamluk regime that took over the Bahri Mamluks from 1382 to 1517 A.D. was also known as Burgi Mamluk since they were based in the towers (Burg) of the Citadel.
		The reign was characterized by epidemic outbreaks, heavy taxation to make up for the decline in revenues that followed the discovery of a new trade route to India.
	www.sharm-club.com /history2.htm (882 words)

	[No title]
		The 2nd Dynasty of the Early Dynastic Period was from 2770 BC to 2650 BC.
		The 11th Dynasty occurred in 1986 BC to 1937 BC, and the 12th Dynasty dates from 1937 BC to 1759.
		The 30th Dynasty, dating from 380 BC to 343 BC, was under the rule of a general from Sebennytus.
	www.angelfire.com /empire2/egypt2/history.doc (1193 words)

	Sultan of Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first to use this title was the Fatimid dynasty that conquered Egypt in 972 and established a dynasty that continued until 1171.
		They were replaced by the Ayyubid dynasty that initially ruled from both Syria and Egypt, but gradually became mainly centred in Egypt, these rulers can also be referred to as Sultans of Egypt.
		The Ayyubids were overthrown by the Bahri dynasty of Mamelukes, who were succeeded by the Burji Mamelukes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sultan_of_Egypt (344 words)

	History Of Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The Fifth Dynasty (2490-2330BC) was marked by a relative decline in Paranoiac power and wealth, evidenced by the smaller pyramids of Abu Sir built during this period.
		The Sixth Dynasty kings were forced to send expeditions as far as Nubia, Libya and Palestine to put down the separatists, but these campaigns served to further erode the central authority.
		The Egyptian kings of succeeding dynasties were under continual attack by Persians until Artaxerxes III overthrew the Thirtieth and final Paranoiac dynasty, remaining under Persian domination until the arrival of Alexander the Great in 332BC.
	www.onlytours.com /destinations/africa/egypt/about/history.htm (8117 words)

	Welcome to 3mala.com > Arab World > Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties were powerless to put down the Hyskos, tribal warlords with foreign support who seized control of the Delta, establishing the capital of Avaris and moving south.
		The Egyptian kings of succeeding dynasties were under continual attack by Persians until the Thirtieth and final Pharaonic dynasty was overthrown by Artaxerxes III, remaining under Persian domination until the arrival of Alexander the Great in 332BC.
		The Ummayyad Dynasty ruled Egypt from Damascus until the Abbasids took control of the Caliphate and shifted the political capital of Islam to Baghdad.
	www.3mala.com /data/arabworld/egypt.htm (7267 words)

	History of Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The Fifth Dynasty (2490-2330BC) was marked by a relative decline in Pharaonic power and wealth, evidenced by the smaller pyramids of Abu Sir built during this period.
		The Sixth Dynasty kings were forced to send expeditions as far as Nubia, Libya and Palestine to put down the separatists, but these campaigns served to further erode the central authority.
		The Egyptian kings of succeeding dynasties were under continual attack by Persians until the Thirtieth and final Pharaonic dynasty was overthrown by Artaxerxes III, remaining under Persian domination until the arrival of Alexander the Great in 332BC.
	international.fullerton.edu /egypt/history.html (8232 words)

	Egyptian Sourcebook for Castle Falkenstein - History
		The Second Dynasty lasting from 2,980 to 2,686 BC was characterized by regional disputes and a decentralization of Pharaonic authority, a process which was only temporarily halted by the Pharaoh Raneb, also called Hotepsekhemwy.
		The Fifth Dynasty (2,490 - 2,330 BC) was marked by a relative decline in Pharaonic power and wealth, evidenced by the smaller pyramids of Abu Sir built during this period.
		The Egyptian kings of succeeding dynasties were under continual attack by Persians until the Thirtieth and final Pharaonic dynasty was overthrown by Artaxerxes III, remaining under Persian domination until the arrival of Alexander the Great in 332 BC.
	cfegypt.www3.50megs.com /History.html (5858 words)

	Egypt
		The Second Dynasty lasting from 2980 to 2686BC was characterized by regional disputes and a decentralization of Pharaonic authority, a process which was only temporarily halted by the Pharaoh Raneb, also called Hotepsekhemwy.
		The Fourth Dynasty (2613-2494BC) was characterized by expansionism and pyramid construction.
		The Fifth Dynasty (2490-2330BC) was marked by a relative decline in Pharaonic power and wealth, evidenced by the smaller pyramids of Abu Sir built during this period.
	kassab6000.tripod.com /islam2001/id1.html (8214 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		After a meteoric rise, the Umayyad dynasty came to an abrupt end in 750, when a rival faction, called the Abbasids, staged a revolt and overthrew the Umayyad caliph and his family in Damascus.
		During the second period, the sultans were chosen from the Burgi Mamluks, warrior Circassians who came from the region of the northwest Caucasus, west of the Black Sea.
		Qalawun established a dynasty that was to last for a century.
	www.sis.gov.eg /eyes/egypt2/html/3.htm (6763 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Books Supplement (November 2001) \| Morbid metaphors
		Although sultans sponsored the vast majority of the buildings dating from the Burgi era, the commissioning of mausolea was not exclusively the ruler's prerogative.
		Nor is it entirely clear why the "economic, military and social decadence" of the later Burgi sultanate did not impede the continued efflorescence of the necropolis, where the commissioning of elaborate edifices continued apace.
		Architectural excellence peaked under Qaytbay; and one is left to wonder why this, "the last burst of energy of a dying dynasty," was quite so magnificent.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2001/559/bo5.htm (968 words)

	wiki/Burgi dynasty Definition / wiki/Burgi dynasty Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The Burji dynasty Ø§ÙÙÙØ§ÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ¨Ø±Ø¬ÙØ© ruled EgyptThe Arab Republic of Egypt, commonly known as Egypt, (in Arabic: مصر, romanized Miṣr or Maṣr, in Egyptian dialect) is a republic mostly located in north-eastern Africa.
		Frederick II is the last Holy Roman Emperor of the Hohenstaufen dynasty; after the interregnum, the empire passes to the Habsburgs.
		Although Egypt remained under the nominal rule of the Abbasid Caliphate its rulers were able to establish quasi-independent dynasties, such as those of the Tulunids and the Ikhidis.
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Burgi_dynasty (2144 words)

	5,000 Years of Civilization
		For the next 3,000 years, 30 pharaonic dynasties would rule ancient Egypt, with a few intermediate periods of foreign rule.
		Later dynasties constructed the Great Pyramids at Giza, which were the world's largest buildings until the 19th century.
		Both groups derive their names from the area in which they were garrisoned - the former at the Island of Roda in the Nile (bahr means water, sea, or river in Arabic), the latter camped in a burg (tower) at the Citadel.
	www.times.com /fodors/fdrs_feat_40_2.html (2766 words)

	Mornin' Mail
		Burgi stated that she was uncomfortable with the fact that the City voted to endorse a new single family housing development which may receive State assistance.
		Burgi felt that at the same time, the City was making it more difficult for existing landlords to survive by enforcing the current building maintenance codes.
		Man is an integral part of nature and man is a husband, a son, a father, or a brother in the generations of family.
	www.morninmail.com /_archives/0oct5.html (1626 words)

	Cairo Features \| Fodor's Online Travel Guide
		For the next 3,000 years, 30 pharaonic dynasties would rule ancient Egypt, with a few intermediate periods of foreign rule.
		Later dynasties constructed the Great Pyramids at Giza, which were the world's largest buildings until the 19th century.
		Both groups derive their names from the area in which they were garrisoned -- the former at the Island of Roda in the Nile (bahr means water, sea, or river in Arabic), the latter camped in a burg (tower) at the Citadel.
	www.fodors.com /miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=cairo@40&cur_section=fea&feature=30002 (2772 words)

	Direct From Egypt
		His successors Mentuhope III and Mentuhope IV continued to rule from Thebes, maintaining the strength of the Eleventh Dynasty, building and expanding their kingdom until Amenemhat, a minister during the Eleventh Dynasty, assumed the throne and founded the Twelfth Dynasty (1991-1786 BC).
		The Ummayyad Dynasty ruled Egypt from Damascus until the Abbasids took control of the Caliphate and shifted the political capital of Islam to Baghdad.
		The Ikhshidi Dynasty ruled from 935-969 AD when Egypt was invaded by Shi'aa Fatimid armies from Tunisia.
	www.nileshop.net /welcome/history.htm (7381 words)

	Burji dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The Burji dynasty ruled Egypt from 1382 until 1517.
		In 1377 a revolt broke out in Syria which spread to Egypt, and the government was taken over by the Circassians Barakah and Barkuk; Barkuk was proclaimed sultan in 1382, ending the Bahri dynasty.
		He was expelled in 1389 but recaptured Cairo in 1390.
	www.phatnav.com /wiki/index.php?title=Burgi_dynasty (646 words)

	ISLAMIC ART VIII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The Mamluks ("chattel"), formerly slaves of the sultan formed a dynasty that ruled Egypt from 1250-1517 when the Ottoman Turks conquered them.
		The period of Mamluk rule is divided between the Bahri (River) Mamluks who ruled from 1250-1382 and the Burgi (Tower) Mamluks who ruled from 1382 to 1517.
		After the fall of the Umayyads in Spain in the mid 11th century, Spain was ruled by a series of minor dynasties.
	rubens.anu.edu.au /raider5/teaching.backups.2003/teach/context/www.cc.colorado.edu/Dept/AH/Courses/AH210/handout9.htm (242 words)

	Egypt: History - Bahri Mameluke Period
		He ordered court mourning in which no one was to change their clothes or cut their hair until Qalawun said so.
		Lacking strong sultans to control them, the Bahri (river) and Burgi (Tower) Mamelukes were continually at loggerheads, using their local wars as excuses to plunder the civilian populations.
		In 1382 a Circassian slave, Barkuq, took the throne and control of Egypt shifted to the Burgi Mamelukes.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/geoghist/histories/oldcivilization/egyptology/EgyptHisory/hbahrima.htm (1325 words)

	Egypt's History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Saladin gave his family name to the Egyptian dynasty that followed him, and his successors were able rulers.
		Lacking strong sultans to control them, the Bahri (river) and Burgi (Tower) Mamelukes were continually at odds, using their local wars as excuses to plunder the civilian populations.
		The period of their rule is said to have been the darkest points in Egyptian history.
	www.bpeah.com /EgyptHistory.htm (3608 words)

	The Mamluks, Ted Thornton, NMH, Northfield Mount Hermon
		The Bahri Mamluks, Kipchak Turks based at Roda, ruled from 1250 1382, and were then succeeded by the Burgi ("tower") Mamluks, Circassians based at the Citadel, led by Barquq (1382-89).
		The Burgis ran Egypt until their removal by the Ottoman Turks in 1517 under Selim I. The Mamluks are a case study in the principle of the survival of the fittest.
		In 1805 Muhammad Ali (died 1848), an Albanian by birth and an Ottoman military officer by trade, was appointed pasha in Egypt and established a dynasty in Egypt that grew to challenge Ottoman authority.
	www.nmhschool.org /tthornton/mehistorydatabase/mamluks.htm (1703 words)

	Mameluk dynasty - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Mameluk dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Mameluk dynasty - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Mameluk dynasty.
		Here you will find more informations about Mameluk dynasty.
		The orginal Mameluk dynasty article can be editet
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Mameluk-dynasty.html (151 words)

	Mamluk Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The Burgi Mamluk Sultan Faraj ibn Barquq laid his father to rest here in Cairo's Northern Cemetery, near the tombs of the Sufis and Barquq's father, Anas, as the old Sultan had wished.
		This mausoleum-khanqah complex is still intact - its two domes, minarets, and enclosure wall have stood for approximately 500 years.
		Postcard demonstrating classic features of Mamluk Mosque Architecture: carved stone dome, alternation of red-and-white stone to produce a striped effect, crenellations.
	homepages.bw.edu /~wwwhis/mamluk.html (624 words)

	www.straipsniai.lt > Egypt
		Actually, the Islamic world was now or soon to be ruled by three (or more) different Khalifs, including a Shi'i Kalif in North Africa (the Aghlabid dynasty), the Abbasids in Baghdad and the Umayyads who still maintained a hold on Islamic Spain.
		From the Citadel tower, the Burgi Mamelukes ruled Egypt for the next 135 years, but their reign proved even more bloody and unstable than that of the Bahris.
		Even from the beginning of Barkuq, who was the first Burgi Mameluke, Cairo began to be like a dog eat dog world.
	www.straipsniai.lt /en/Egypt/4 (1756 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Chronology: Dynasties
		Queen Soreknofru is one of the rulers during this dynasty.
		Queen Hatshepsut is one of the rulers of the XVIII Dynasty.
		730-712 BCE: Dynasty XXIV 775-653 BCE: Dynasty XXV 671 BCE: Egypt is conquered by the Assyrians.
	www.crystalinks.com /egypt3.html (1560 words)

	History guide for Egypt by Hostelbookers
		The dynasty was founded by Qalaoun, who poisoned Beybars' heirs to inherit the throne.
		In 1382 the sultanate was seized by Barquq, one of the Circassian Burgi (Tower) Mamlukes from the garrison below the Citadel.
		To finance his campaigns against the Mongols, who by 1387 were on the borders of Syria, he had to impose punitive taxes that beggared the economy.
	www.hostelbookers.com /guides/egypt/114467 (181 words)

	Glossary
		The core of the city Bayn al-Qasrayn ("Between the Two Palaces") was a square separating the Eastern and Western palace that was halfway along its main street (Now Sharia al-Muizz - Walk 1) that stretched from Bab al-Futuh North to Bab Zuwayla South.
		A dynasty that lasted in Egypt from 1171 to 1250 A.D. and was named after its founder Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi (a.k.a.
		A Shi'a dynasty originating in North Africa that ruled Egypt from 969 to 1171 A.D. Faithful followers of Caliph Ali, the fourth "Rightly Guided Caliph" in Islam, Fatimids rivalled the Abbassid dynasty, then ruling the Islamic world, by claiming their rightful legacy to the Caliphate based on their direct descent from the Prophet Muhammad.
	www.aucegypt.edu /walking_tours/cairo/glossary/glossary.html (907 words)

	Oromo folk literature, language, culture, history (Ethiopia) -- part 1 of 2
		Loransiyos tells me that the Amara Burgi living in the country near the southern bank of Lake Regina Margherita is a Galla group.1 Burgi, he says, is the Galla pronunciation of the Amharic word birz, "honeyed water," the favorite drink of these Galla.
		In fact, the kings of this dynasty are of a lighter color than the natives, and to keep this characterisitc, they do not marry women who are not born of the same stock.
		Verse 10 alludes to the descent of Abba Gubir from Adam's dynasty.
	www.samizdat.com /cerulli.html (16705 words)

	Northern Cemetery of Cairo
		The Burgi period witnessed royal patronage of the area for the first time starting with al-Nasir Farag.
		The economic, military and social decadence of the later Burgi sultanate did not prevent the steady growth and the artistic excellence that had characterized the period here, as it did elsewhere in Cairo.
		The reign of Qaitbay, considered by many as the last great Mamluk Sultan, was the final attempt of the dying dynasty at progress.
	www.mazdapub.com /Northern-Cemetery.htm (294 words)

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