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Topic: Burgundian Circle

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	Imperial Circle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A map of the Imperial Circles as at the beginning of the 16th century.
		An Imperial Circle (in German Reichskreis, plural Reichskreise) was a regional grouping of states of the Holy Roman Empire, primarily for the purpose of organising a common defence and of collecting imperial taxes, but also as a means of organisation within the Reichstag (Imperial Diet).
		These ten circles remained largely unchanged until the early 1790s, when the Wars of the French Revolution brought about significant changes to the political map of the Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Imperial_Circle_Estates (241 words)

	Duke of Burgundy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Duchy of Burgundy, today Bourgogne, has its origin in the small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's kingdom of West Franks.
		As it was their kingdom of Burgundy to France, the name Burgundy established within centuries to this border region, as the most proper lands of Burgundians lost central power and disintegrated into principalities known with other names.
		Although the Duchy of Burgundy itself remained in the hands of France, the Habsburgs remained in control of the other Burgundian inheritance, notably the Low Countries, and often used the term Burgundy to refer to it (Burgundian Circle), until the late 18th century, when the Austrian Low Countries was lost to French Republic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy (281 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of History of Holland, by GEORGE EDMUNDSON.
		The Burgundian dukes were among the most powerful rulers of their time—the equals of kings in all but name—and they far surpassed all contemporary sovereigns in their lavish display and the splendour of their court.
		Nominally, they formed a circle of the empire,—the Burgundian circle—and representatives of the circle were supposed to appear at the diets and to bear a certain share of imperial taxation in return for the right to the protection of the empire against attacks by France.
		The Burgundian provinces under the wise administrations of Margaret and Mary, and protected by the strong arm of the emperor from foreign attack, were at this period by far the richest state in Europe and the financial mainstay of the Habsburg power.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/1/4/9/7/14971/14971-h/14971-h.htm (18865 words)

	KRIEMHILD - LoveToKnow Article on KRIEMHILD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Saxo Poeta and the Qued-inburg chronicle) it was her father whom she revenged; but when the treacherous overthrow of the Burgundians by Attila lad become a theme for epic poets, she figured as a Burgundian mncess, and her act as done in revenge for her brothers.
		In the Nibelungenlied, lowever, the primitive supremacy of the blood-tie has given place to the more modern idea of the supremacy of the passion of love, arid Kriemhild marries Attila (Etzel) in order to compass the death of her brothers, in revenge for the murder of Siegfried.
		Theodor Abeling, who is disposed to reject or minimize the mythical origins, further suggests a confusion of the story of Attiia's wife Ildico with that of the murder of Sigimund the Burgundian by the sons of Chrothildis, wife of Clovis.
	28.1911encyclopedia.org /K/KR/KRIEMHILD.htm (996 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Burgundy
		The Burgundian Kingdom, which was united with those of Germany and Italy after the death of its last separate king, Rudolf the Third [1032], has had a fate unlike that of any other part of Europe.
		The imminence of danger seemed to revive a spirit of loyalty in the Burgundian provinces and the marriage of Mary and Maximilian of Habsburg, son of Frederick III, was hastened.
		In the interior Charles V organized a central government by creating three councils, called collateral, and established with a view to simplifying matters for the female ruler; they were the council of state for general affairs, the privy council for administrative purposes, and the council of finance.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03068a.htm (3469 words)

	Cafe Irreal #8: News from Burgundia by Emilio Martinez
		The typical Burgundian is a rather squat individual, with thick purple lips and an extensive prehensile tail.
		The Burgundian's normal attire consists of three essential pieces: sepia-colored overalls spattered with sordid urine stains and various residues; a loincloth which shows a glimpse of abundant, albino pubic hair; and the essential seamless diving suit (which fetishistic Burgundian couples consider to be an arousing erotic object).
		Burgundian architecture is something very peculiar, so much so that it is nearly impossible to describe to someone who has never seen it.
	home.sprynet.com /~awhit/martinez.htm (1849 words)

	Kreisstände (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The function of each Circle was primarily the administration of Imperial law and the maintenance of order, but the assemblies also served to assess local opinion and to direct regional efforts as circumstances dictated.
		Membership in the circles was not entirely fixed, and could shift from decade to decade as circumstances changed.
		Note that nearly all the Empire was involved in one circle or another - still, there were some regions lying outside any circles; most notably the Kingdom (and Electorate) of Bohemia, the Margraviate of Moravia, the Dukes of Silesia, and the Margraves of Lausitz (Ostmark).
	www.hostkingdom.net /Kreiss.html (589 words)

	Burgundian
		One of the most elaborate styles of dress from the high middle ages is the Burgundian gown.
		The center of the square is marked by folding it in half, and a string (anchored in the center) is used as a guide to cut a full circle.
		In order to make this huge circle of cloth into a dress, it is necessary to add sleeves.
	caerleon.freeservers.com /burgundian.html (1551 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		The spheres of English and Burgundian influence in the Netherlands were respectively enlarged, when Duke William IX of Juliers and Gelders, himself the grandson of an English princess, opposed the efforts of Joan of Brabant, the friend of Burgundy, and
		Froissart, the chief prophet of the last phase of chivalry radiating from the Court of the Burgundian Dukes and the exemplar of a whole line of chroniclers devoted to their dynasty, was himself a native of Hainault and spent the last quarter of a century of his life in retirement in Flanders.
		The States took very coolly the inclusion in 1512 of the so-called Burgundian Circle (Gelderland and Utrecht were afterwards added to the Westphalian) in the system of Circles established as it were incidentally twelve years earlier, and persistently declined to acknowledge the right claimed by the Emperor of taxing the provinces for imperial purposes.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh113.html (16282 words)

	Burgundy, with Dijon Travel Guide \| Fodor's Online
		In the villages, tightly clustered houses circle the local church, its spire a lightning rod for the faithful.
		On a hilltop high over the patchwork of green rises a patrician edifice of white rock, a Romanesque church whose austerity and architectural purity hark back to the early Roman temples on which it was modeled.
		Yet the Capetians in their acquisitions couldn't hold a candle to the "light of the world": the great Abbaye de Cluny, founded in 910, grew to such overweening ecclesiastical power that it dominated the European Church on a papal scale for some four centuries.
	www.fodors.com /miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=burgundy_dijon@39 (731 words)

	Magazine Antiques: Patronage and the Burgundian court
		The dukes' Burgundian lands reverted to the French crown while their Netherlandish territories were absorbed by the Habsburgs through the marriage of Charles the Bold's only child, Mary of Burgundy (1457-1482), to Archduke Maximilian of Austria (later Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor; r.
		Indeed, 2004 marks the six hundredth anniversary of the death of Philip the Bold and is the occasion for a major international exhibition entitled Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419), which will be on view at the Cleveland Museum of Art from October 24 to January 9, 2005.
		Philip the Bold is known to history principally through his limestone likeness (Pl. I) on the facade of the Chartreuse de Champmol, the monastery he founded in 1385 on the outskirts of Dijon with his wife, Margaret of Flanders.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1026/is_4_166/ai_n6258470 (1475 words)

	Capital Chapter
		Though the building has been largely destroyed, excavation and the study of the still- standing cross arm of the major transept suggest that there were very few capitals with figures at Cluny outside of the hemicycle area, at most a few dozen of the over five hundred total capitals that once graced the church's interior.
		The bulk of the figural capitals at Cluny was concentrated in the hemicycle and ambulatory at the east end of the church (Figs.
		The half circle of the hemicycle colonnade terminated the longitudinal axis established by the nave and enclosed the most sacred and most important part of the church, the sanctuary which contained the two most important liturgical altars of the building.
	www.reed.edu /~mkerr/papers/thesis/cap.html (5517 words)

	Fifteenth-Century Italian Balli
		As well, the same or similiar step names were often used for steps that were performed differently in the Burgundian or 16th century repertoires.
		It was expected that each of the misure could be done in music of the other misure, and the different possiblilities are listed at great length in two of the manuals.
		The movements for the steps are given by the beats in the measure, with 4 beats in quadernaria, and 6 beats in bassadanza, saltarello and piva (in these dances).
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Forum/4417/baldance.html (1338 words)

	Northvegr - The Culture of the Teutons
		The circles drawn into community of life, either by marriage or in any other way, are not washed out of their former connections before entering the pale of friendship and kinship.
		All these clans had lawfully and rightfully acquired the Frankish and Burgundian hamingja by marrying or otherwise concluding vital alliance with circles possessing the deeds of the southern heroes.
		The predominance of the Volsung deeds and fate in Scandinavian poetry testifies to the fact that the honour of the Volsungs was a treasured heirloom in some of the leading, most influential families of the viking period.
	www.northvegr.org /lore/gronbech/054.php (2362 words)

	Titles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		All Charles V' possessions in the Low Countries were included in the Burgundian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.
		In the 15th century the Dukes of Burgundy acquired the Duchy of Luxembourg, thus the country was added to the complex of the Burgundian possessions in the Low Countries, which also included Holland, Seeland, Flanders, Brabant, Gelderland, Limburg, Namur, Hainaut, Frisia, Artois, etc.
		In the 16th century Luxembourg with other Low Countries was included in the Burgundian Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.vdiest.nl /top_of_page.htm (1214 words)

	the Holy Roman Empire
		The Judge, two Presidents and one assessor were appointed by the Emperor, the other assessors by the electors and by the circles of the States of the Empire.
		The original 6 Circles of 1500 (Swabia, Bavaria, Franconia, upper Saxony, lower Saxony, Westphalia) were increased in 1512 to 10 (Austria, Rhine, Saxony, Burgundy).
		The role of the circles was to serve as administrative units in the enforcement of imperial law and order.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/hre.htm (11303 words)

	H-France Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		These seven men constituted an inner circle, a sort of cream of the cream of Burgundian society.
		Yet despite this borrowing, the province maintained an impressive solvency and paid secure returns of 5 percent to a circle of elite investors, mostly Burgundians, who resisted liquidating the debt because the rate of return guaranteed by the Estates was higher than they could get elsewhere.
		It may not be the “whole story’ to assert that the Estates were “little more than a mechanism for the defense of privilege and the distribution of its spoils,” but that seems to be the main message here (p.
	www3.uakron.edu /hfrance/reviews/beik.html (2349 words)

	HOASM: Adam von Fulda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		From 1490 he was in the service of the Saxon court at Torgau, becoming court historiographer and later composer and Kapellmeister.
		He was professor of music at Wittenberg university in 1502 and a member of a humanist circle at Erfurt: his earlier treatise De musicawas an important guide to German humanist musical learning.
		He wrote a 4-part Mass which looks back to the style of Dufay, and a number of hymn settings also redolent of an earlier Burgundian chanson style.
	www.hoasm.org /IVH/AdamFulda.html (98 words)

	WHKMLA : Reformation in the (Northern) Netherlands
		The process of the UNIFICATION OF THE NETHERLANDS, begun under the Burgundian Dukes, was completed during the rule of Emperor Charles V. Friesland recognized him as their territorial lord in 1524, Utrecht (a former princebishopric) in 1528, Overijssel in 1528, Drente and Groningen in 1536, Gelderland (Guelders) in 1543.
		The Burgundian Dukes had pursued a policy of introducing central institutions for the Netherlands - the residence at BRUSSELS, where they held court, the GREAT COUNCIL or council of state, a supreme court at Mechelen (Malines).
		In 1548 the BURGUNDIAN IMPERIAL CIRCLE was established, consisting of the territories under Habsburg rule.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/period/reformation/nldref.html (1603 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Low Countries : Habsburg Rule, 1490-1580
		The Habsburg dynasty continued the Burgundian policy of accumulation of territories and of centralization.
		The Habsburgs continued the Burgundian policy of territorial expansion, of unification of the low countries under dynastic union : the territories of FRIESLAND (1524), UTRECHT (1527), OVERIJSSEL (1528), GRONINGEN, DRENTE (1536) and GELDERLAND (1543) were acquired, the latter after a feud with Duke KARL OF GELDERLAND.
		The Burgundian and Habsburg Dukes had succeeded in unifying the Low Countries, with the exception of the diocesis of Liege, in DYNASTIC UNION.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/lowcountries/neth150080.html (885 words)

	CV's theory on construction of the Houppelande
		It is not the same idea as the traditional circle houppelande which is like a circle with a hole cut in it for the head.
		It is often made of four panels, each a quarter circle, with a curved "bite" cut out of the top, where it attaches to the waistband.
		The curved "bite" of the quarter-circle panel that is similar to the waistline of a circle skirt, becomes the shoulder seam.
	www.virtue.to /articles/circle_houp.html (2113 words)

	Burgundian Netherlands: Court Life \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Burgundian Netherlands refers to an area encompassing the Low Countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg) and northern France during the period when it was ruled by the dukes of Burgundy, from the end of the fourteenth to the end of the fifteenth century.
		From 1441, the large court was based in Brussels, but since the dukes liked to travel from one residence to another, the impact of Burgundian patronage was widespread, stimulating the arts throughout the region.
		Rogier van der Weyden (1399/1400–1464) settled in Brussels and, though not officially tenured, he too applied his prodigious talents to the service of the Burgundian court, painting portraits of Dukes Philip and Charles, as well as of members of their entourage.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/bnpu/hd_bnpu.htm (784 words)

	Cloaks
		The cloak is a 3/4 circle, and is ankle length on a tall person.
		It is 3/4 circle with a hood, and mid-calf length.
		I pleated the circle into the neckline, which makes the shoulders fit very nicely.
	caerleon.freeservers.com /cloak.html (298 words)

	Women's Wear, circa 1450 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This is intended to be a brief discussion of Burgundian/Netherlandish women's wear in the middle decades of the fifteenth century -- approximately 1440-1460 -- and is based on my observation of the artwork of the time and my experiences trying to reproduce these clothes.
		Since it is difficult to tell from the artwork exactly how these were cut, I have preferred to make mine in a way similar to sixteenth-century partlets -- with armholes and side seams -- because kerchiefs proper tend to crawl around and escape.
		The "Burgundian Gown" or houppelande has probably received more attention than any other aspect of fifteenth-century women's clothing.
	hometown.aol.com /noramunro/Wardrobe/basic1450.htm (1706 words)

	Anne Willan: From My Chateau Kitchen : Berichte, Bewertungen, Informationen, Preise
		From My Château Kitchen revolves around three subjects: the author's life in the 17th-century Burgundian château she and her husband own; the work of the farmers, vintners, restaurateurs, and others who live in the area and define its spirit; and Burgundian food, the glorious regional plats that represent a time-honored yet ever-evolving cuisine.
		Closing with a chapter that presents the château wedding of Willan's daughter (and includes the wedding cake recipe), the book comes full circle; it returns readers to a beginning and reminds them that food, which is the life of the Burgundian land, is without break, beginning or end.
		A month free room and board in a Burgundian chateau would sound great, and she obviously needs good people.
	www.medfools.com /shopde/product/ASIN/0609602268/Anne_Willan:_From_My_Chateau_Kitchen.html (714 words)

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