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	Burgundy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Burgundians were one of the Germanic peoples who filled the power vacuum left by the collapse of the western half of the Roman empire.
		The Burgundian Empire consisted of a number of fiefdoms on both sides of the (then largely symbolic) border between the French kingdom and the Holy Roman Empire.
		The constructor of the Eiffel Tower, Gustave Eiffel was born in Dijon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Burgundy (863 words)

	Burgundy
		The duchy soon became a major rival to the French throne, because the Dukes of Burgundy succeeded in assembling an empire stretching from Switzerland to the North Sea, mostly by marriage.
		The Burgundian Empire consisted of a number of fiefdoms on both sides of the (then largely symbolical) border between the French kingdom and the German Empire.
		His daughter Mary and her husband Maximillian moved the court to Brussels and ruled the remnants of the empire (the Low Countries and Franche-Comté, then still a German fief) from there.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bo/Bourgogne.html (382 words)

	diss
		For most local medievalists the storming of Burgundian forces into the fortress of Luxembourg in November 1443 marks the definite end of the "glorious" times when the House of Luxembourg was one of the big players in the Holy Roman Empire.
		Despite both the Burgundian and the Bohemian party asking Charles VII for support, the latter was on campaign in Gasconny, Savoy and Lombardy and did not participate in any affairs related to Luxembourg in the years 1453/4.
		With the help of Burgundian troops from Picardy, the active military support of some local lords and with the acquiescence of most of the local nobility, Anthony of Croy quickly recaptured the conquered areas from the hands of the Hungarian mercenaries and their rebel supporters.
	homepages.internet.lu /pitpeporte/diss.htm (11356 words)

	[No title]
		The Burgundian dukes were among the most powerful rulers of their time--the equals of kings in all but name--and they far surpassed all contemporary sovereigns in their lavish display and the splendour of their court.
		Nominally, they formed a circle of the empire,--the Burgundian circle--and representatives of the circle were supposed to appear at the diets and to bear a certain share of imperial taxation in return for the right to the protection of the empire against attacks by France.
		The Burgundian provinces under the wise administrations of Margaret and Mary, and protected by the strong arm of the emperor from foreign attack, were at this period by far the richest state in Europe and the financial mainstay of the Habsburg power.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/4/9/7/14971/14971.txt (20472 words)

	German4
		The Roman Empire was confident of its power, and felt no qualms at admitting the Germans into positions of leadership.
		During that time, the number of Germanic people who were migrating into the Roman Empire and the effectiveness of those migrations in bringing about the destruction of the Empire increased dramatically.
		Particular individuals or families began to assert themselves within the tribe and the concept of "kingship" was embraced by those individuals or families.
	www.motherbedford.com /German4.htm (949 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Berne
		After the Romans had been driven out, the region was occupied by the Alemanni and Burgundians; in A.D. 534 it belonged to the Franks, in 888 it formed part of the second Burgundian empire, together with which it was absorbed into the Holy Roman Empire in 1032.
		The Dukes of Zahringen received the territory as a fief from the empire, and the last duke of this line, Berthold V, founded the city of Berne in 1191.
		It was also able by a clever and consistent policy to increase the size of its territory; in 1415 it conquered Aargau, and Vaud was annexed in 1536.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02507b.htm (1116 words)

	Burgundians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Burgundians or Burgundes were an East Germanic tribe which may have emigrated from mainland Scandinavia to the island of Bornholm, whose old form in Old Norse still was Burgundarholmr (the Island of the Burgundians), and from there to mainland Europe.
		As allies of Rome in its last decades, the Burgundians fought alongside Aëtius and a confederation of Visigoths and others in the battle against Attila at the Battle of Chalons (also called "The Battle of the Catalaunian Fields") in 451.
		At first allies with Clovis' Franks against the Visigoths in the early 6th century, the Burgundians were eventually conquered by the Franks in 534 CE.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Burgundians (2098 words)

	End of Europe's Middle Ages - Holy Roman Empire
		The Holy Roman Empire (HRE) was faced with many difficulties during the later Middle Ages.
		A political empire imposed across geographic and ethnic boundaries, at the start of the fourteenth century, the Holy Roman Empire was comprised of present-day Germany and extended across Prussia, Hungary, Bohemia, Switzerland, and parts of southern and northern Italy.
		Although he was unable to protect his empire's frontiers from Turkish invaders or to deal with religious dissension from the Hussites within his kingdom, Sigismund was instrumental in resolving the Great Schism in 1414 at the Council of Constance.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/holy.html (901 words)

	Learn about Brussels' rich history
		After Charlemagne’s death, the empire was divided by the River Scheldt under the Treaty of Verdun in 843.
		During the 15th century, the Burgundian empire had grown vast under the rule of Philip the Good.
		After Philip’s death, his son Charles the Bold tried to expand the empire but was killed in battle leaving the door open for the French to seize the French part region of Burgundy.
	www.internationalcircuit.com /brussels-belgium/history.html (1489 words)

	The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars (No. 268)
		The empire was concerned with world domination and the converts to the church in Rome were also imbued with this mentality.
		The Burgundians (443 CE) were to finally end as the Western Cantons of Switzerland, settling on both sides of the Jura, lake Geneva, in the Valais, and on the banks of the Rhone and the Saone (Historians History Vol.
		The Czechs and Slovaks settled in Bohemia and Moravia and the Yugoslavs in Serbia.
	www.logon.org /english/s/p268.html (8911 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/History of the Jews in Germany
		The Merovingian rulers who succeeded to the Burgundian empire, were devoid of fanaticism, and gave scant support to the efforts of the Church to restrict the civic and social status of the Jews.
		They found a certain degree of protection with the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, who claimed the right of possession and protection of all the Jews of the empire in virtue of being the successor of the emperor Titus, who was said to have acquired the Jews as his private property.
		On the reorganization of the empire in 1356, Charles IV., by the "Golden Bull," granted this privilege to the seven electors of the empire.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany (6043 words)

	First Europe Tutorial - Germanic Invasions
		However, the invasions of the Germanic tribes, particularly those of the fifth century, were equally important in precipitating the internal crises of the western empire and in profoundly modifying the political map of the west.
		The Defeat of the Hunnic Empire C.E. As the Visigoths approached Italy in the early fifth century, the Western Empire responded by shifting troops from Britain and from the Rhine and Danube frontiers to the defence of Italy.
		The End of the Western Empire C.E. The Invasion of Italy by the Ostrogoths C.E. A Germanic people that migrated in a very different way than the other Germanic tribes, and with greater and more lasting presence, as a result, were the Franks.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/invas.html (1332 words)

	Amazon.com: Empire: How Spain Became a World Power, 1492-1763: Books: Henry Kamen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		While he recognizes that empire catalyzed Spanish patriotism, not least a regressive nostalgia among settlers in the New World, he observes that among those who cried out "Espa¤a!" at the battle of Muhlberg (1547) were crack Hungarian cavalry.
		Yet after the defeat of the Spanish Armada the history of the Empire appears to be a slow and agonizing decline, while Spain itself turned from being the feared master of Europe to a poor isolated periphery.
		Empire is a truly academic work, in the sense that it presents us with the dark side of the Empire, without pretending that Spain of five centuries ago should be judged by modern standards.
	www.amazon.com /Empire-Became-World-Power-1492-1763/dp/0060194766 (4227 words)

	Julius Nepos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		This region was still formally a dominion of the eastern empire, but under Marcellinus had become virtually independent.
		But ties with the eastern court were strengthened when he married the niece of Aelia Verina, the wife of the eastern emperor Leo.
		Thereafter Odoacer appealed to emperor Zeno at Constantinople to be recognized as a patrician (patricius) and ruler of Italy on behalf of the eastern empire.
	www.roman-empire.net /collapse/nepos.html (627 words)

	Battle of Granson (2 March 1476)
		The Burgundian Ordonnance army is one of the finest amalgamations of mercenary professional troops in the 15th Century.
		In fact, one could argue that the Burgundian army was the first to truly use "field" artillery in battle with its light and medium bombards fitted on wheeled carriages.
		The Burgundians deployed in defensive positions from which their captains expected to defeat the Swiss in detail as they surged forward.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/granson.html (1091 words)

	History of Franche Comte - The Burgundians
		The 5th century marked the acceleration of the end of the Roman Empire, ironically, however, the arrival (or re-arrival, if you will) of the Barbarian Hordes out of the east was both a showcase for the strengths and weaknesses of the Western Roman Empire.
		The Burgundians, under their king Gebicca had crossed the Rhine with the Vandals in 406 and settled along the west bank, making their capital at Geneva in Switzerland.
		Under the agreement, the Burgundians divided the territory with the local aristocracy as such; two thirds of the land and a third of the serfs for the Burgundians, and a third of the land and two thirds of the serfs for the locals.
	users.ids.net /~marcom/fc-history-burgundians.html (435 words)

	The Spanish Empire
		The Castilian Empire was the result of a period of rapid colonial expansion into the New World, as well as the Philippines and colonies in Africa: Melilla was captured by Castile in 1497 and Oran in 1509.
		Philip treated Castille as the foundation of his empire, but the population of Castile (which was much less than that of France or England) was never great enough to provide the soldiers needed to support the Empire.
		Their sizable empire in America made them relevant, but it is difficult—even in light of Floridablanca's reforms—to say that they were anywhere near the ranks of Austria or Russia, let alone France or England.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/spanishempire.html (5889 words)

	Burgundian
		The second Burgundian kingdom was a loyal ally of the Romans, joining another usurper Emperor Avitus against the Suevi of Spain in 456 AD.
		With Theodoric now ruling Italy, the Burgundians and their expansionary neighbours the Franks were drawn into a complex series of marriage alliances with the Ostrogoths.
		One of his sons, Godomar, survived to rule what was left of the Burgundian kingdom but in 534 AD the Franks invaded for the last time, Godomar was defeated and the Burgundians were absorbed into the Frankish kingdom, later to form the semi-independent territory of Burgundy.
	www.ancientworlds.net /45453 (593 words)

	About Norse Mythology
		Such was the perilous state of the Western Empire that in AD 410, the Emperor Honorius gave order for legions to abandon their post in the province of Britannia, leaving Britain defenceless.
		Then in AD 413, the Burgundians arrived in the area around the Rhine, establishing their capital in Worms, which was originally called Borbetomagus by the Celts and Civitas Vangionum by the Romans.
		In AD 441 when the Eastern Roman Empire didn't honour their treaty with Attila, to pay tributes in gold, Attila and his Hunnish army raided into the Eastern Roman Empire, devastating vast amount of territories.
	www.timelessmyths.com /norse/aboutnorse.html (1974 words)

	History of Holland - by George Edmundson [Authorama]
		The title, “History of Holland,” given to this volume is fully justified by the predominant part which the great maritime province of Holland took in the War of Independence and throughout the whole of the subsequent history of the Dutch state and people.
		The Burgundian dukes were among the most powerful rulers of their time–the equals of kings in all but name–and they far surpassed all contemporary sovereigns in their lavish display and the splendour of their court.
		Nominally, they formed a circle of the empire,–the Burgundian circle–and representatives of the circle were supposed to appear at the diets and to bear a certain share of imperial taxation in return for the right to the protection of the empire against attacks by France.
	www.authorama.com /book/history-of-holland.html (20700 words)

	French Accomodation :: History of Burgundy
		The two kingdoms of Burgundy were reunited in 937 and absorbed into the Holy Roman Empire under Conrad II in 1032.
		The duchy of Burgundy was annexed by the French throne in 1004, but soon granted out as an apanage to the younger son of King Robert II.
		Thus the territory primarily meant by the term "Burgundy" had completely changed between the 10th and the 15th centuries - from referring to the area of southeastern France which had been the Kingdom of the Burgundians, it had come to refer to the Burgundian lands centered in the Netherlands.
	www.frenchaccommodation.co.uk /content/Areas-of-France/52 (474 words)

	DragonBear History: All That: Burgundy
		That part of the Frankish kingdom, and later the Carolingian empire, kept the name "Burgundia," but only as a geographic term: it had no separate administrative or cultural identity, and all connection with the original tribe of the Burgundii was lost.
		s the Carolingian empire broke up in the 9th century, Burgundia was right on the fault lines: some of it went to the western kingdom (the future kingdom of France), some to the east (the future Holy Roman Empire), but the major part became a new Kingdom of Burgundy.
		The revenues from the Netherlands made Philip the richest prince in Western Europe, and he used this wealth to enhance his prestige: he was a patron of arts and letters, and founded his own chivalric order (the Golden Fleece), rivalling the Garter in international prestige.
	www.dragonbear.com /burgundy.html (1513 words)

	Burgundian Netherlands: Court Life \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Burgundian Netherlands refers to an area encompassing the Low Countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg) and northern France during the period when it was ruled by the dukes of Burgundy, from the end of the fourteenth to the end of the fifteenth century.
		From 1441, the large court was based in Brussels, but since the dukes liked to travel from one residence to another, the impact of Burgundian patronage was widespread, stimulating the arts throughout the region.
		Rogier van der Weyden (1399/1400–1464) settled in Brussels and, though not officially tenured, he too applied his prodigious talents to the service of the Burgundian court, painting portraits of Dukes Philip and Charles, as well as of members of their entourage.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/bnpu/hd_bnpu.htm (856 words)

	Chalons...how Important Was It? - Ancient Roman Empire Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Burgundian franks would not have been influenced by Christianity, or coalesced under Childeric, he would probably have been dead as he fought with Aetius, Clovis (his marriage to Gundohars daughter would not have occurred) would not have united the Burgundian, salian and riparian franks.etc etc, ..leaving what?
		It's generally excepted that it was physically and numerically a rather phyrric victory for Aetius; yet, it had the sort of mental effect that one tends to see in battles here and there; the restoration of belief in themselves, and the moral boost in proving that Attila was not invincible.
		I know that it did virtually nothing to help the Western Roman Empire save delay the inevitable, but for one moment, just one moment, I'm sure that the Romans under Aetius believed that they had at last saved their Empire.
	www.unrv.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=4433 (2191 words)

	Das Nibelungenlied Criticism and Essays
		A favorite of critics, the Nibelungenlied is praised for its symmetrical form and its mingling of fiction and history, encompassing Germany's ancient heroic songs, the fall of the Burgundian Empire in 437, and the courtly romance tradition of twelfth- and thirteenth-century Europe.
		Kriemhild persuades some of Etzel's lords to attack the Burgundians and, after a bloody battle, all the Burgundians are slain save for Gunther and Hagen, who are brought to the Queen by Dietrich of Bern.
		Scholars find little argument that the impetus for the second half of the tale was the defeat of the Burgundians by the Huns, but many critics believe that taking a historical approach in analysis is too limiting, and they prefer to study the Nibelungenlied purely as literature.
	www.enotes.com /classical-medieval-criticism/das-nibelungenlied (1007 words)

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