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Topic: Burgundian language

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	Burgundian language Information
		the extinct East Germanic language of the Burgundians.
		the Oïl language known as Bourguignon spoken in the region of Burgundy.
		It is one of the Languages of France.
	www.bookrags.com /Burgundian_language (65 words)

	Germanic Languages
		Burgundian was the East Germanic language of the Germanic speaking people who ultimately settled in southeastern Gaul (Southeastern France, Western Switzerland, and Northwestern Italy) in the fifth century C.E. It is extinct.
		It is the official language of Sweden and is one of the official languages of Finland.
		West Norse is the western branch of the North Germanic languages used in Iceland, Ireland, Norway, the Hebrides, Orkney, Shetland, and the Faroe Islands.
	softrat.home.mindspring.com /germanic.html (3010 words)

	Dutch_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		Dutch is a descendant of Old Frankish and is the parent language of Afrikaans, one of the official languages of South Africa and the most widely understood in Namibia.
		Dutch is an official language of the Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname, Aruba, and the Netherlands Antilles.
		Standaardnederlands or Algemeen Nederlands ('Common Dutch', abbreviated to AN) is the standard language as taught in schools and used by authorities in the Netherlands, Flanders, Suriname, Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles.
	language.school-explorer.com /Dutch (6335 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Dutch language
		The transition between these language was very gradual and one of the few moments linguists can detect somewhat of a revolution is when the Dutch standard language emerged and quickly established itself.
		Dutch is an official language of the Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname, Aruba, and the Netherlands Antilles.
		Standaardnederlands or Algemeen Nederlands ('Common Dutch', abbreviated to AN) is the standard language as taught in schools and used by authorities in the Netherlands, Flanders, Suriname, Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Dutch_language (5812 words)

	Gothic - Language Directory
		The Gothic language (gutiska razda) is an extinct Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths and specifically by the Visigoths.
		The language was in decline by the mid-6th century, due in part to the military defeat of the Goths at the hands of the Franks, the elimination of the Goths in Italy, massive conversion to primarily Latin-speaking Roman Catholicism, and geographic isolation.
		The language survived in the Iberian peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal) as late as the 8th century, and Frankish author Walafrid Strabo wrote that it was still spoken in the lower Danube area and in isolated mountain regions in Crimea in the early 9th century (see Crimean Gothic).
	language-directory.50webs.com /languages/gothic.htm (612 words)

	Corsican language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Corsican (Corsu or Lingua Corsa) is a Romance language spoken on the island of Corsica (France), alongside French, which is the official language.
		According to its UNESCO classification, the Corsican language is currently in danger of becoming extinct.
		The Corsican language is a key vehicle for Corsican culture, which is notably rich in proverbs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Corsican_language (318 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Burgundian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Burgundian language, an OÃ¯l language also known as Bourguignon spoken in the region of Burgundy.
		Sometimes the Franc-Comtois language is referred to as part of the Burgundian group.
		Burgundian (party), a political faction in early 15th century during the Hundred Years' War.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Burgundian (88 words)

	Burgundian
		An extinct language of the Germanic language group spoken by the Burgundians.
		It was a living language in the 5th century AD in southeast Gaul.
		Sometimes the Franc-Comptois dialect is referred to as part of the Burgundian group.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bu/Burgundian.html (48 words)

	Toronto Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		the Oïl language known as Bourguignon spoken in the region of Burgundy.
		It is one of the Languages of France.
		the extinct East Germanic language of the Burgundians.
	www.torontopost.biz /Info/?Burgundian_language (163 words)

	Burgundian
		In 435 AD the Burgundians tried to expand into Gaul and the Roman general Aetius called in a Hunnic army to destroy Gundahar's kingdom - a battle which cost Gundahar his life and later formed the basis for the Nibelunglied.
		With Theodoric now ruling Italy, the Burgundians and their expansionary neighbours the Franks were drawn into a complex series of marriage alliances with the Ostrogoths.
		One of his sons, Godomar, survived to rule what was left of the Burgundian kingdom but in 534 AD the Franks invaded for the last time, Godomar was defeated and the Burgundians were absorbed into the Frankish kingdom, later to form the semi-independent territory of Burgundy.
	www.ancientworlds.net /45453 (593 words)

	Dutch 101 > Dutch Language > History
		The present Dutch standard language is largely derived from Low Franconian dialects spoken in the Low Countries that must have reached a separate identity no later than about AD 700.
		In 1618 a further important step was made towards a unified language, when the first major Dutch bible translation was created that people from all over the United Provinces could understand.
		It was only in the early 1600s, with growing cultural contacts and the rise of an independent country, that the modern meaning arose, i.e., 'designating the people of the Netherlands or their language'.
	www.101languages.net /dutch/history.html (585 words)

	Gothic language - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		The Gothic language (gutiska razda, 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺) is an extinct Germanic language* that was spoken by the Goths and specifically by the Visigoths.
		The language survived in Spain as late as the 8th century, and Frankish author Walafrid Strabo wrote that it was still spoken in the lower Danube area and in isolated mountain regions in Crimea in the early 9th century (see Crimean Gothic).
		The few fragments of their language from the 16th century appear to represent a different language from the one used in the Gothic Bible (although certainly a Germanic language).
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=11885 (4689 words)

	diss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Despite both the Burgundian and the Bohemian party asking Charles VII for support, the latter was on campaign in Gasconny, Savoy and Lombardy and did not participate in any affairs related to Luxembourg in the years 1453/4.
		With the help of Burgundian troops from Picardy, the active military support of some local lords and with the acquiescence of most of the local nobility, Anthony of Croy quickly recaptured the conquered areas from the hands of the Hungarian mercenaries and their rebel supporters.
		Both the Burgundian awareness of their military superiority and the ambassadors' lack of political clout led to the escalation of the situation.
	homepage.internet.lu /pitpeporte/diss.htm (11356 words)

	identity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Although language is described as the main element of unity within the Roman Empire, it can at the same time be perceived as an indication of the Empire's lack of unity.
		The use of vernacular languages was certainly a major difference between Luxembourg and the vast majority of the other Burgundian possessions in the Low Countries.
		Moreover, as Armstrong noticed, there was never a Burgundian language policy that told subjects which language to speak or write, one of the reasons being certainly the lack of power and interest in a linguistic restriction or unification strategy.
	homepages.internet.lu /pitpeporte/identity.htm (14827 words)

	French Language
		The aim of the writers of this period, as is the case of the poets of La Pléiade, was to elevate the French language to the level of Latin as a medium for literary expression, In 1539 a royal decree proclaimed French official language of the public administration.
		French was established as an official language in the French and Belgian colonial possessions in Africa.
		French was the language in which were fixed the notions of the Western culture and for centuries it was used by the educated people all over Europe, gradually replacing Latin in the live international communications.
	www.orbilat.com /Languages/French/French.html (1695 words)

	Old French
		This vulgar Latin began to vary strongly from the classical language in its phonology; of course, spoken Latin, rather than the somewhat artificial literary language of classical Latin, was the ancestor of the Romance languages including Old French.
		The Frankish language had a much larger impact on the vocabulary of Old French as a result of the Frankish conquest of much of the territory of modern France by the Franks during the time of the Volkerwanderung of the Germanic peoples.
		A number of other Germanic peoples, including the Burgundians, were active in the territory at that time; the Germanic languages spoken by the Franks, Burgundians, and others were not written languages, and at this remove it is often difficult to identify from which specific Germanic source a given Germanic word in French is derived.
	www.askfactmaster.com /OF (2403 words)

	Language Log: Annals of prescriptivism: a Roman instructs the Germans in their own language
		Nothing is now left of Burgundian except some names, but it was an East Germanic language that should have been pretty close to Gothic, for which we have quite a few texts, e.g.
		I don't know much about this period, and there may be evidence to contradict this hypothesis, but perhaps the Burgundians were illiterate in their own language, and were impressed by Syagrius' ability to read the Gothic bible and other Gothic texts.
		Ulfilas had been an Arian Christian, just like the Burgundians were, and he was the one who was mainly responsible for converting the Germans who had been in contact with Constantinople during its Arian phase.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/002844.html (2125 words)

	East Germanic language . Language families and languages . Indo-European languages . Gothic language . Paul the Deacon ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Language families and languages Language classification Indo-European languages Germanic languages East Germanic languages The East Germanic languages are a group of extinct Indo-European languages in the Germanic languages Germanic family.
		The only East Germanic language of which texts are known is Gothic language Gothic; other languages that are assumed to be East Germanic include Vandalic language Vandalic, Burgundian language Burgundian, and Crimean Gothic language Crimean Gothic, which survived until the 18th century.
		The various subgroups of the Indo-European family include in historical order of their first attestation : Anatolian languages — earliest attested branch, from the 18th century BC; extinct, most notable was the language of the...
	www.uk.fraquisanto.net /East_Germanic_language (522 words)

	Walloon-General Overview
		All these languages are spoken in the neighboring countries: the major part of the Picard and Lorrain linguistic areas are in France and Letzebuerguesh is the official national language of Luxembourg.
		At first, the written language may be more or less artificial (we could suppose it was a type of scripta); and at second, we could be never absolutely sure about the exact pronunciation of the written text.
		It is evident anyway, that in the course of the centuries the written language was approached closer and closer to standard French, with a very few known exceptions.
	www.orbilat.com /Languages/Walloon/Walloon.htm (1735 words)

	Dutch - Language Directory
		The present Dutch standard language is largely derived from Low Franconian dialects spoken in the Low Countries that must have reached a separate identity no later than about AD 600.
		Standaardnederlands or Algemeen Nederlands ('Common Dutch', abbreviated to AN) is the standard language as taught in schools and used by authorities in the Netherlands, Flanders, Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles.
		It is not a separate language (though the term is often also used to distinguish the standard Dutch spoken in Flanders from that of the Netherlands) nor are the dialects in Belgium more closely related to each other than to the dialects in The Netherlands.
	language-directory.50webs.com /languages/dutch.htm (1821 words)

	Germanic Linguistics
		The Germanic languages is a subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages, which were spoken by about 420 million people in many parts of the world (chiefly in Europe and the Western Hemisphere).
		Strong evidence for the unity of all the modern Germanic languages can be found in the phenomenon known as the first Germanic sound shift or consonant shift (also called Grimm's law), which set the Germanic subfamily apart from the other members of the Indo-European family.
		Lastly, vocabulary furnished evidence of a common origin for the Germanic languages in that a number of the basic words in these languages are similar in form; however, while word similarity may indicate the same original source for a group of languages, it can also be a sign of borrowing.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Atrium/3993/germanics/grm_linguistics.htm (2365 words)

	The Secret Discourse
		This theorized language is not known from any written records or references at all, but instead has been reconstructed completely by analyzing the Germanic daughter languages.
		Proto-Germanic is quite an interesting theory to pursue because of the many differences between the Germanic language family and all the other Indo-European families.
		Writing perserves language, and the Germanic people simply did not have it while their ancestors did (the Romans were recording their history before the Germanic people were distinguishable from the Slavs).
	www.angelfire.com /ga3/arkan/protogermanic.html (339 words)

	Regional food from Burgundy, Boeuf Bourgignon, Beef Burgundy
		Burgundians are passionate about both their food and their wine.
		With the wide variety of the ingredients available, and the frequent use of red wine, some of the finest food in the world arrives on the Burgundian table.
		For an interesting insight into how French grande cuisine developed from the time of Louis XV onwards, visit History of French Cuisine.
	www.burgundytoday.com /gourmet-traveller/food/burgundian-table.htm (263 words)

	A2Z Languages - Germany - Country Guide - German Wine
		Eighty years ago the top wines of Germany were priced at the same level as a great Bordeaux such as Lafite.
		The Rhineland Palatinate lies midway between the Riesling zone and the southern zones, and its wines reflect this.
		Villages like Forst and Deidesheim are the source of fine, sometimes dry Rieslings, but you can also find rich whites and sometimes reds from the Burgundian varieties, as well as thrilling sweet wines from varieties such as Rieslaner.
	www.a2zlanguages.com /Germany/country_guide/german_wine.htm (670 words)

	yourDictionary.com • Indo-European Language Families
		These languages became families by breaking up into dialects that became languages which themselves then produced dialects and languages, and so on and so forth.
		Ancient languages are listed under the heading "Family" and "Subfamilty" because they died out when other families and subfamilies were forming.
		Indeed, keep in mind that much of this table is speculative when it comes to ancient languages for which no hard evidence exists.
	www.yourdictionary.com /library/pietable.html (148 words)

	The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, by Edward Gibbon (chapter25)
		engaged the Alemanni and the Burgundians in frequent contests: the latter were easily tempted, by the secret solicitations and liberal offers of the emperor; and their fabulous descent from the Roman soldiers, who had formerly been left to garrison the fortresses of Drusus, was admitted with mutual credulity, as it was conducive to mutual interest.
		An army of fourscore thousand Burgundians soon appeared on the banks of the Rhine; and impatiently required the support and subsidies which Valentinian had promised: but they were amused with excuses and delays, till at length, after a fruitless expectation, they were compelled to retire.
		The calamities which the afflicted provincials continued to experience, from foreign war and domestic tyranny, were aggravated by the feeble and corrupt administration of the eunuchs of Constantius; and the transient relief which they might obtain from the virtues of Julian, was soon lost by the absence and death of their benefactor.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /g/gibbon/edward/g43d/chapter25.html (18130 words)

	language
		English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages and is therefore related to
		language groups descended from this ancestral speech, is usually divided by scholars
		Frisian, spoken by the inhabitants of the Dutch province of Friesland and
	www.auburn.edu /~kuhnwi1/gb/webstuff10am/bill/language.html (632 words)

	Burgundian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Burgundian monk, companion of St. Columban in exile, co-founder and abbot of Bobbio, d.
		Burgundian chronicler, born in the County of Alost, Flanders, in 1403; died at Valenciennes in 1475.
		A Swiss-based group re-enacting Burgundian troops and civilians of the late 15th century.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Burgundian (863 words)

	The Paris Review - The Art of Poetry No. 14
		Auden was concerned that the quality of the English language be preserved, and he hoped to help to do that with his writing.
		Ausonius is an excellent Latin poet, who was surrounded by what he regarded as barbarous Burgundians who put butter in their hair, a characteristic that he thought foul.
		I’m just trying to say that whoever you are, you’ve got to start from where you are.
	www.parisreview.org /viewinterview.php/prmMID/3379 (198 words)

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