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	Burgundy - LoveToKnow 1911
		In consequence of wars against the Alamanni, in which the latter had the advantage, the Burgundians, after having taken part in the great invasion of Radagaisus in 407, were obliged in 411 to take refuge in Gaul, under the leadership of their chief Gundicar.
		In 561 the kingdom of Burgundy was reconstructed by Guntram, son of Clotaire I., and until 613 it formed a separate state under the government of a prince of the Merovingian family.
		In 888 the kingdom of Juran Burgundy was founded by Rudolph I., son of Conrad, count of Auxerre, and the German king Arnulf could not succeed in expelling the usurper, whose authority was recognized in the diocese of Besancon, Basel, Lausanne, Geneva and Sion.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Burgundy (2258 words)

	Burgundy - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Burgundy west of the Saône River is generally hilly; the southeast includes the southern spurs of the Jura Mts.; the center is a lowland, extending south almost to the junction of the Saône and Rhône rivers (see Bresse).
		A rich agricultural country, Burgundy is especially famous for the wine produced in the Chablis region, the mountains of the Côte d'Or, and the Saône and Rhône valleys.
		Burgundy nevertheless survived as a political concept, and after the partitions of the Carolingian empire two new Burgundian kingdoms were founded, Cisjurane Burgundy, or Provence, in the south (879) and Transjurane Burgundy in the north (888).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-burgundy.html (861 words)

	Burgundy
		This union of Upper and Lower Burgundy was bequeathed in 1032 to the German king and emperor Conrad II and became known from the 13th century as the kingdom of Arles - the name Burgundy being increasingly reserved for the county of Burgundy (Cisjurane Burgundy) and for the duchy of Burgundy.
		The duchy of Burgundy was that part of the regnum Burgundiae west of the Saône River and was recovered from Boso by the French Carolingians and remained a part of the kingdom of France.
		Burgundy came to be recognized as the premier peerage of the French kingdom.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /tours/gothic/history/burgundy.html (1557 words)

	Burgundy
		Burgundy is an area of gently rolling hills on the eastern periphery of the Massif Central.
		The territory of Burgundy was conquered by Caesar in the Gallic Wars, but in the 4th century Roman power declined and the country was invaded by Germanic tribes.
		Charles the Bold’s daughter Marie was given part of the Duchy as dowry on her marriage to Maximilian von Hapsburg while the rest of the Burgundian territores reverted to the French crown, Charle’s rival Louis XI.
	manstouch.com /travel/burgundy.html (1783 words)

	Burgundy
		Burgundy is rustic and pastoral with rolling hills, small villages, vineyards, castles, churches, monasteries and abbeys.
		It was untouched by revolutions, unscarred by the world wars and has been relatively inaccessible thanks to country roads.
		Burgundy is also known for its canals and lockhouses (below) and has become a favorite place for houseboating and barging holidays.
	www.yourtravelsource.com /France/Burgundy/burgundy.html (215 words)

	BURGUNDY - Online Information article about BURGUNDY
		Charles had taken an active part in the so-called wars " for the public weal," and in the coalitions of nobles against the king which were so frequent during the first years of Louis XI.'s reign.
		dowry of the little Margaret of Burgundy, daughter of Mary and Maximilian, who was promised in marriage to the dauphin.
		We know that the title of duke of Burgundy was revived in 1682 for a short time by.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BUN_CAL/BURGUNDY.html (3219 words)

	Burgundy
		In 1748, at the end of the War of the Austrian Succession, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle assigned the duchies of Parma and Piacenza to Philip, younger brother of Charles III, king of Spain.
		Later, when the war began to go against England, he changed sides, concluded the Treaty of Arras (1435) with Charles VII of France, and received in return most of the province of Picardy.
		His first act as Duke of Burgundy was to forge an alliance with Henry V of England and to recognize him as heir to the French throne.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/burgundy.htm (3922 words)

	France - Beaune And Its Beaune Mots
		Wars, for civilization, for country, for faith, for political creed, for that elusive thing called liberty, have made their trail across it, a trail as wide as the town itself, as red as Beaune wine.
		Beaune played a considerable part in the religious wars and was for a time one of the most important cities of the Calvinists in France.
		It is as the perfect survival of old Burgundy that the hospice exerts its charm.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles07/burgundy-7.shtml (2210 words)

	Richard III Society - Cely Papers, 1
		The wars in France of the fifteenth century, and the consequent insecurity of the seas, the wars between Burgundy and France, and the civil wars in England, all hit them severely.
		In spite of the often repeated fiction that the Wars of the Roses were hurtful only to the nobility and their retainers, the consequent lawlessness and state of insecurity must have interfered with the collection of the staple produce in England.
		Carolas Groat, the groat of Charles of Burgundy.
	www.r3.org /bookcase/cely/cely1.html (15265 words)

	Burgundian Wars at AllExperts (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The dukes of Burgundy had succeeded, over a period of about 100 years, in establishing their rule as a strong force between the Holy Roman Empire and France.
		The dukes of Burgundy generally pursued an aggressive expansionist politics, especially in Alsace and Lorraine, seeking to geographically unite their northern and southern possessions.
		The Franche-ComtÃ© initially also became French, but was ceded to Maximilian's son Philip in 1493 by the French king Charles VIII in the treaty of Senlis, in an attempt to bribe the Emperor to remain neutral during Charles's planned invasion of Italy.
	experts.about.com.cob-web.org:8888 /e/b/bu/Burgundy_Wars.htm (750 words)

	FRANCIA
		Italy and Burgundy were prestigious possessions for Lothar, but they were not centers of Frankish power, and the northern area looks precariously and omniously sandwiched between the compact realms of his brothers.
		Burgundy is a separate kingdom until attached to Germany.
		The biggest break came when Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, was killed in 1477 and Louis XI was able to secure the return of large parts of the Burgundian domain to France, since the heiress Mary of Burgundy would not inherit under the Salic Law.
	www.friesian.com /francia.htm (14235 words)

	Leon Trotsky: 1919 - How The Revolution Armed/Volume II (Profound Verbiage) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When we talk of war, and are not just playing with words, we mean planned collision between groups of men organised as states, who use the technical means available to them in order to achieve aims set by the rulers of the respective groups.
		Wars were waged under the flag of nationality when the development of industry demanded a transition from the province to a wider, nation-state unity.
		War has been and still is a form either of armed exploitation or of armed struggle against exploitation.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1919-mil/ch31.htm (2332 words)

	Burgundy : Introduction \| Frommers.com
		Burgundy was once an independent province; its Valois dukes spread their might across Europe from 1363 to 1477.
		Burgundy later suffered more upheaval, including much damage to its cities during the Franco-Spanish wars that began in 1636.
		The major wine-growing regions of Burgundy are Chablis, Côte de Nuits, Côte de Beaune, Côte de Chalon, Mâconnais, and Nivernais.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/burgundy/0613010001.html (229 words)

	Italian Wars. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The wars began when, in 1494, Charles VIII of France invaded Italy and seized (1495) Naples without effort, only to be forced to retreat by a coalition of Spain, the Holy Roman emperor, the pope, Venice, and Milan.
		The war ended (1529) with the Treaty of Cambrai (see Cambrai, Treaty of) and the renunciation of Francis’s claims in Italy.
		The use of Swiss and German mercenaries was characteristic of the wars, and artillery passed its first major test.
	www.bartleby.com /65/it/ItalianW.html (629 words)

	Chiss - Wookieepedia, the Star Wars Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		It is possible that, with internal dissent bordering on civil war and running conflicts with the Vagaari and Yuuzhan Vong, Household Phalanx forces simply became militarily indispensable to the Chiss government; but it may also be that the Ascendancy's hierarchy saw this as a tactically acceptable way to achieve their own traditional goals.
		But although burgundy uniforms with fl collars were recorded when Thrawn's House Phalanx were first encountered in 22 ABY, most subsequent references describe Household Phalanx in predominantly fl uniforms with red trim, and sometimes simply in fl.
		By the time of the Swarm War, the CEDF had certainly adopted standard blaster technology alongside maser weaponry: Chiss Star Destroyers mounted turbolasers alongside megamasers, while their heaviest tactical artillery pieces, known as MetaCannon, were capable of being configured to fire charric beams, blaster bolts, or physical artillery shells.
	starwars.wikia.com /wiki/Chiss (7611 words)

	Burgundy Adventure Travel - Burgundy Travel Guide
		Burgundy later suffered more upheaval, including much damage to the city during the Franco-Spanish wars that began in 1636.
		Burgundy is also the home of the "king of French condiments," Dijon mustard.
		Burgundy is perhaps the finest region in France to tour by car.
	away.com /destination-overview/Burgundy-278392-travel-guide.html (1606 words)

	myArmoury.com: The Burgundian Army of Charles the Bold (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Charles the Bold, the warlike last Duke of a powerful independent Burgundy, was the chief military innovator of the late 15th Century.
		In his earliest wars, Charles had levied Flemish citizen pikemen, equipped with jack and Sallet helmet, from the towns of the Low Countries.
		The red cross of Burgundy, strictly two ragged staffs crossed, but also appearing as crossed arrows or a red "X", would probably be worn by other troops as a field sign, and appeared on most of the flags.
	www.myarmoury.com /feature_armies_burg.html (1590 words)

	15th century - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		1410: The Battle of Grunwald was the decisive battle of the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War leading to the downfall of the Teutonic Knights.
		1455-85: Wars of the Roses - English civil war between the House of York and the House of Lancaster.
		1467-1615: The Sengoku period is one of civil war in Japan.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/15th_century (886 words)

	Burgundy Wars - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Burgundy Wars were a conflict between the House of Habsburg and the Valois Dynasty, in which the Old Swiss Confederacy got involved and would play a decisive role.
		Open war broke out in 1474, and in the following years, the Duke of Burgundy, Charles the Bold, was defeated thrice on the battlefield, and his kingdom was dissolved.
		Having already been in conflict with the French king (Burgundy had sided with the English in the Hundred Years' War), Charles' advances along the Rhine brought him in conflict with the Habsburgs and especially emperor Frederick III, too.
	education.music.us.cob-web.org:8888 /B/Burgundy-Wars.htm (878 words)

	Burgundian Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Burgundian Wars were a conflict between the Dukes of Burgundy and the Kings of France, later involving the Old Swiss Confederacy, which would play a decisive role.
		Their possessions included, besides their homelands of the Franche-Comté and the Duchy of Burgundy, the economically strong regions of Flanders and Brabant, and also Luxembourg.
		With the death of Charles the Bold, the dynasty of the dukes of Burgundy died out.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Burgundy_Wars (806 words)

	France - Related Items - MSN Encarta (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Devolution, War of the – Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaties of
		wars with the Holy Roman Empire, Charles V
		wars with the Holy Roman Empire, Henry V
	encarta.msn.com.cob-web.org:8888 /related_761568934_44/warfare.html?ENCMauth=5Lhav2K3v70EiPKt66/tHtPxF/wtvay2eCYRZQ/WAOK3tvNqkqz1yq4a2CXwpNWg3XT6Fn1B4Po= (538 words)

	Wars, of Religion Part 2
		The royalist, Protestant, and Leaguer forces, all led by men named Henri, were to engage in the bloodiest and longest of the civil wars.
		Henri IV brought the war out of the south and into the north, which he knew was critical if he wanted to be king of France and not just king in Gascony.
		It is not the end of the Huguenot story in France, but it closes this chapter of the Wars of Religion.
	www.lepg.org /wars2.htm (1691 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - EUII without the big white blob.
		England manage to stay in France because Burgundy is continuosly hacking its way from the north and east, other countries sees their opportunity to grab a bite too.
		In most my games (based off of vanilla events), Burgundy rarely gets annexed as they are always involved in BB wars with her neighbours during the event window.
		Burgundy getting inherited 100% of the time by Austria also has the advantage of making the Austrian AI fair better at a critical time when he's vulnerable.
	forum.paradoxplaza.com /forum/showthread.php?t=276262 (2921 words)

	History of Switzerland: Old Swiss Confederacy 1291 - 1515 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As a reward for help in several war expeditions to Italy, German king Friedrich II exempted the valleys of Uri (1231) and Schwyz (1240) from the jurisdiction of any counts and dukes so they would be subject to the king alone.
		Berne and the French king pushed the confederacy to a war against the duke Charles of Burgundy who was allied to the dukes of Habsburg and to the comtesse of Savoye.
		The Burgundy wars (1474-1477) propagated the glory of the Swiss soldiers.
	history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch.cob-web.org:8888 /old-swiss-confederacy-1291.html (1706 words)

	Flanders, Brittany, Burgundy, Anjou, Normandy, Blois, Champagne, Toulouse, etc.
		It passed to the Hapsburg heirs of Burgundy but was recovered by Louis XIV in 1659 in the Peace of the Pyrennes, which finally ended the Thirty Years War with Spain (which thus actually had been a 41 years war).
		Eudes IV married the heiress, Jeanne, of the Free County of Burgundy, and then his grandson Philip was preparing to marry the heiress, Margaret, of the County of Flanders.
		Bavaria, allied with the French, was lost to the Elector Maximilian II for the rest of the war.
	www.friesian.com /flanders.htm (10740 words)

	15th Century Encyclopedia @ Karr.net (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Muscovy-1480: 1440s - English civil war between the House of York and the House of Lancaster.
		8th-6th: The 1424 is one of civil war in Japan.
		Hundred Years' War, Sultan of the 1483 and Conqueror of Poland (Before - 1395).
	www.karr.net.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/15th_century (967 words)

	Sigismund of Austria (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1469, he gave his lands on the Rhine and in the Alsace to Charles, Duke of Burgundy.
		Sources are unclear whether he sold them due to his debts he had accumulated owing to his luxury lifestyle or just "rented" them because he wanted to have them protected better against the expansion of the Old Swiss Confederacy.
		A war with Venice, which he began in 1487, ended in a standoff, but in 1490 the opposition of the population of Tirol forced him to hand over the regency to Archduke Maximilian I, who later became Holy Roman Emperor.
	sigismund-of-austria.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (312 words)

	Niklaus von Flüe
		In 1481 Bruder Klaus sent a message of reconciliation to the convention of the Swiss cantons gathered in the city of Stans and helped to prevent a civil war among the 8 member states of the Swiss Confederation (Uri, Schwyz, Ob- and Nid-Walden, Zug, Luzern, Glarus, Zurich, Bern).
		A threat of a conflict between city and rural cantons was emerging after the Burgundy wars (1474-1476).
		He was worried about the Burgundy wars and the aftermath which despite Swiss victories split the Swiss cantons and threatend civil war.
	www.stacher.ch /swissopinion/Niklaus.html (533 words)

	Burgundy Travel Guide - Hotels, Restaurants, Sightseeing in Burgundy - New York Times Travel
		B & B's in the Vineyards of Burgundy
		Along the Routes des Grand Crus, in the historic French wine region of Burgundy, you can explore the vineyards by day and then spend the night at B & B's run by the winemaking families themselves.
		TRAVELING down to Burgundy from Paris, I usually plan to take the high-speed train from the Gare de Lyon at about 8 A.M. It arrives at Dijon before 10, which means a full day in the...
	travel.nytimes.com /travel/guides/europe/france/burgundy/overview.html (435 words)

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