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Topic: Burji Mamelukes

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Battle of Ain Jalut

January 20

	Mamelukes - MSN Encarta
		The Mamelukes converted to Islam and advanced themselves to high military posts in Egypt, finally seizing the throne and founding two successive dynasties that ruled the country from 1250 to 1517.
		The Mamelukes united under the leadership of the Bahri regiment and defeated the Mongols at the Battle of Ayn Jalut in Palestine in 1260.
		The period from 1350 saw the decline of the Bahri Mamelukes and in 1382 the sultanate was seized by the Burji regiment, who thus founded the Burji dynasty that ruled Egypt from 1382 to 1517.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761551963/Mamelukes.html (1112 words)

	Mamluk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A mamluk (Arabic: مملوك (singular), مماليك (plural), "owned"; also transliterated mameluk, mameluke, or mamluke) was a slave soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid during the Middle Ages.
		Burji, برجي meaning 'of the tower', referred to their center in the citadel of Cairo, and it consisted of Circassians.
		Mameluk name was used in Hungary in the last decades of the 19th century as a nickname for Members of Parliament, belonging to the governing "Liberal" party.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mamelukes (2326 words)

	Mameluke â“ Dictionary Definition of Mameluke \| Encyclopedia.com: FREE Online Dictionary
		Mamelukes or slave soldiers were a distinctive feature of Islamic armies from the 9th century.
		The Army of the Nile overwhelmed the Mamelukes, Cairo fell to the French, and Egypt was conquered.
		It escaped the fratricide of the Fatimid and Mameluke empires, the Christian- Druze war of 1860, the collapse of the Ottomans and the shellfire of Lebanon's civil war.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O48-Mameluke.html (1144 words)

	History of early Arab Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Turanshah was soon overthrown by the Mameluks, who had become the "kingmakers" since their arrival and now wanted full power for themselves.
		The Mameluk sultans were drawn from the enfranchized slaves who formed the court and officered the arm.
		During the Burji dynasty, the Mamluks fought Timur Lenk and conquered Cyprus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_early_Arab_Egypt (2541 words)

	Mameluks
		Mameluks (or Mamluks) were slave soldiers used by Muslim rulers who seized power in Egypt in 1250 and founded two dynasties.
		Mameluks (the world is usually translated as “owned”) were white slave soldiers in the employ of Muslim rulers.
		Mameluks consolidated their power in ten years and eventually established the Bahri dynasty.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Mamelukes.html (652 words)

	Mamelukes
		Until 1382 the dominant Mamelukes were mostly of Turkish ethnic origin; after that date, the majority was generally of Circassian origin.
		His rule and that of his successors was troubled by palace revolts, civil wars, and foreign conquests, culminating in the defeat of Egypt in 1517 by Selim I, sultan of Ottoman Turkey.
		After the French evacuated Egypt, the Mamelukes struggled with the Turks for power but were completely routed; the massacres at Cairo in 1805 and 1811 destroyed the power of the Mamelukes.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txh/mameluke.htm (640 words)

	Station Information - Mameluks
		Mameluks (or Mamluks) (the world is usually translated as “owned”) were slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire who on more than one occasion seized power for themselves.
		In 1260 the Mameluks defeated a Mongol attack at the Battle of Ain Jalut in modern-day Syria and eventually forced them to retreat to area of modern-day Iraq.
		In 1517 the Ottoman Turks and their sultan Selim I defeated the Mameluks — the Mameluk cavalry charges were no match for the Ottoman artillery and janissaries, Ottoman version of slave soldiers.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/mameluks.html (764 words)

	History of early Arab Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Ayyubites were overthrown by the their Turkish bodyguards, known as the Mameluks, who ruled under the suzerainty of Abbasid Caliphs, until 1517, when Egypt became part of the Ottoman Empire.
		The Mameluk sultans were drawn from the enfranchised slaves who formed the court and officered the army, and were mostly unable to form a new dynasty, usually leaving behind infants who were then overthrown.
		However, the Ottoman Empire retained the Mamluks as an Egyptian ruling class and the Mamluks and the Burji family succeeded in regaining much of their influence, but remained technical vassals of the Ottomans.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /History_of_early_Arab_Egypt (2547 words)

	Cairo, Egypt - LoveToKnow 1911
		They are architecturally of less interest than those of the " caliphs." Southwest of the Mameluke tombs is the much-venerated tomb-mosque of the Imam esh-Shafih or Shari, founder of one of the four orthodox sects of Islam.
		Under the prosperous rule of the Mameluke sultans this great tract was filled with habitations; a large suburb to the north, the Hoseynia, was added; and the town of Bulak was founded.
		Mehemet Ali, originally the Turkish viceroy, by his massacre of the Mamelukes in 1811, in a narrow street leading to the citadel, made himself master of the country, and Cairo again became the capital of a virtually independent kingdom.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Cairo,_Egypt (4704 words)

	Mamluks - MSN Encarta
		From this class sprang two ruling dynasties, the Bahri (1250-1382), made up of Turks and Mongols, and the Burji (1382-1517), made up of Circassians; both were named for places where the troops who seized power had been quartered.
		After 1341 the power of the Bahri sultan passed gradually to troop commanders, and by 1381 the first Burji ruler was able to take over the throne.
		His rule and that of his successors was troubled by palace revolts, civil wars, and foreign conquests, culminating in the defeat of Egypt in 1517 by Selim I, sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761551963/Mamluks.html (296 words)

	Mameluks : Mamelukes
		Mameluks (or Mamluks) were slave soldiers used by Muslim rulers who seized power in Egypt in 1250 and founded two dynasties.
		Mameluks (the world is usually translated as “owned”) were white slave soldiers in the employ of Muslim rulers.
		Mameluks consolidated their power in ten years and eventually established the Bahri dynasty.
	www.fastload.org /ma/Mamelukes.html (705 words)

	History of early Arab Egypt
		The Ayyubites were overthrown by the their Turkish bodygaurds, known as the Mameluks, who ruled under the suzerainty of Abbasid Caliphs, until 1517, when Egypt became part of the Ottoman Empire.
		His reign was remarkable for a naval conflict between the Egyptians and the Portuguese, whose fleet interfered with the pilgrim route from India to Mecca, and also with the trade between India and Egypt; Kansflh caused a fleet to be built which fought naval battles with the Portuguese with varying results.
		In 1515 there began the war with the Ottoman sultan Selim I which led to the close of the Mameluke period, and the incorporation of Egypt and its dependencies in the Ottoman Empire.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/h/hi/history_of_early_arab_egypt.html (4295 words)

	EGYPT, NORTHERN AFRICA
		Two other Mongol invasions were repelled by the Mamelukes, who also expelled the Crusaders from the region and captured Acre, their last stronghold in Palestine, in 1291.
		Most of the Burji rulers exercised little real authority; their dynasty was marked by continual power struggles among the Mameluke elite.
		The period from the 16th to the mid-18th century was an age of commercial prosperity when Egypt, at the crossroads of several commercial routes, was the centre of a flourishing intermediary trade in coffee, textiles, and spices.
	www.1001medrecipes.com /mEGYPT.htm (13098 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - - ARCHIVE - Sultanate Court of the Mamelukes
		The vast territory of the Mamelukes consists of the provinces of Egypt, Cyrenaica, Quattara, Alexandria, Cataract, Nile, Sinai, Jordan, Arabia, Delta, Aleppo, Cyprus and Judea.
		Mameluke merchants shall be allowed to establish their own warehouses aswell as decide how to ship any goods purchased within the realms of the Golden Horde to their own realm.
		Mamelukes would use mostly light weapons in wars such as arrows, bows, swords, shield, lances and daggers etc. They made all these weapons of their own.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/printthread.php?t=48939 (6024 words)

	History Index 002
		In the late 13th and early 14th centuries, the Mameluke realm extended north to the borders of Asia Minor.
		The age of the Mamelukes was one of extraordinary brilliance in the arts.
		The second dynasty of Mameluke sultans, the Burjis, was of Circassian origin and ruled from 1382 to 1517.
	library.thinkquest.org /C007680/egyptianhistory002.html (4145 words)

	Cairo, Egypt - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Beyond the eastern wall of the city are the splendid mausolea erroneously known to Europeans as the tombs of the caliphs; they really are tombs of the Circassian or Burji Mamelukes, a race extinguished by Mehemet Ali.
		South of the citadel is another group of tombmosques known as the tombs of the Mamelukes.
		Mehemet Ali, originally the Turkish viceroy, by his massacre of the Mamelukes in 1811, in a narrow street leading to the citadel, made himself master of the country, and Cairo again became the capital of a virtually independent kingdom.
	19.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CA/CAIRO.htm (4706 words)

	MAMELUKES,
		From this class sprang two ruling dynasties, the Bahri (1250–1382), made up of Turks and Mongols, and the Burji (1382–1517), made up of Circassians; both were named for places where the troops who seized power had been quartered.
		His rule and that of his successors was troubled by palace revolts, civil wars, and foreign conquests, culminating in the defeat of Egypt in 1517 by Selim I, sultan of Ottoman Turkey (1470–1520).
		After the French evacuated Egypt, the Mamelukes struggled with the Turks for power but were completely routed; the massacres at Cairo in 1805 and 1811 destroyed their power.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..ma027100.a (306 words)

	Profile - Egypt
		The Ninth Crusade, led by Louis IX of France, was repelled in 1249, with the aid of the Mamelukes, slave troops in Ayyubid service.
		Two other Mongol invasions were repelled by the Mamelukes, who also expelled the Crusaders from the region and captured ‘Akko, their last stronghold in Palestine, in 1291.
		The period from the 16th to the mid-18th century was an age of commercial prosperity when Egypt, at the crossroads of several commercial routes, was the center of a flourishing intermediary trade in coffee, textiles, and spices.
	www.inadev.org /profile_-_egypt.htm (12647 words)

	Kingdoms of North Africa - Mameluke Sultans
		The Sultanate of Egypt was seized from the Ayyubids by the Mameluke slave-soldier Aybak.
		The Abbasids still held the title of caliph and held court at Cairo, but were puppets of the Mamelukes, who were descended from Turkish tribes who invaded the Middle East in two major waves in the 11th and 12th centuries.
		After the invasion of Napoleon in 1798-1799, the Mamelukes are fatally weakened.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsAfrica/EgyptMamelukes2.htm (76 words)

	Egypt, officially Arab Republic of Egypt, country in northeastern Africa and southwestern Asia.
		G3 The Mamelukes The first Mameluke dynasty, the Bahri, held power as sultans of Egypt until 1382.
		H Ottoman Ascendancy Although the real hold of the Ottoman Turks over Egypt was to last only until the 17th century, the country remained nominally part of the Ottoman Empire until 1915.
		H1 Mameluke Resurgence As time went on, an inflationary trend that historians have noted in 16th-century Europe had repercussions in Egypt as well.
	www.latifm.com /look/Regional_Egypt.htm (12890 words)

	Mamluk - TheBestLinks.com - Mamelukes, Arabic language, Belgium, Baghdad, ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mamelukes, Mamluk, Arabic language, Belgium, Baghdad, British Empire...
		Mamluks (or Mameluks) (the Arabic word usually translates as "owned") comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for themselves.
		Two Mamluk dynasties ruled Egypt: the Bahri (consisting of Turks and Mongols) and Burji (Circassians and Georgians).
	www.thebestlinks.com /Mamelukes.html (640 words)

	History Channel Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: )
		From this class sprang two ruling dynasties, the Bahri (1250–1382), made up of Turks and Mongols, and the Burji (1382–1517), made up of Circassians; both were named for places where the troops who seized power had been quartered.
		His rule and that of his successors was troubled by palace revolts, civil wars, and foreign conquests, culminating in the defeat of Egypt in 1517 by Selim I, sultan of Ottoman Turkey (1470–1520).
		After the French evacuated Egypt, the Mamelukes struggled with the Turks for power but were completely routed; the massacres at Cairo in 1805 and 1811 destroyed their power.
	www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=215616 (248 words)

	Mamluk - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mamluks (also Mameluks, Mamelukes) (the Arabic word usually translates as "owned", singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for themselves.
		Mameluke Flag over Cairo according to the Catalan Atlas c.1375
		You can find it there under the keyword Mameluk (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mameluk)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mamelukandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Mameluk (1758 words)

	Wiki
		A mamluk (Arabic: مملوك (singular), مماليك (plural), "owned"; also transliterated mameluk, mameluke, mamaluke, or mamluke) was a slave soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans during the Middle Ages.
		Burji (برجي meaning "of the tower") referred to their center in the citadel of Cairo.
		Mameluk was used in Hungary in the last decades of the 19th century as a nickname for Members of Parliament belonging to the governing "Liberal" party.
	www.promotionwiki.net /?title=Mamluk (3172 words)

	Egypt's Mamluk Sultans [Usually Misspelled Mamelukes]
		The Mamluks (usually misspelled Mamelukes) were a military caste of mostly Circassian and Georgian extraction that ruled Egypt for 267 years, from 1250 to 1517 in their own right, but from then till 1811 as surrogates of the Ottoman Turks, who conquered Egypt in 1517.
		The first ruler of the Burji Dynasty of Mamluks was Saifaddin Barquq, an Egyptianized Circassian.
		Sultan Saifaddin Qaitbay, a Circassian Mamluk, 18th of the Burjis, who ruled Egypt from 1468 till his death in 1496, expanded Egyptian hegemony northward and clashed with the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II in what is now Turkey.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/feb/article146.html (644 words)

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