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Topic: Burundi Civil War

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	New massacres in Burundi civil war (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Burundi has a population of around 5.5 million and borders Rwanda to the north and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west.
		The history and composition of the Burundi population is similar to that of its slightly larger neighbour Rwanda—particularly in relation to ethnic strife.
		The civilian population is the main victim in the conflict between the military regime of President Buyoya and the rebel organisations.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/sep1999/buru-s22.shtml (1254 words)

	CHARLES BRAY's Burund Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		War famine, disease, misery, massacres and waves of refugees have characterized the history of Burundi.
		As in neighboring Rwanda, Burundi has suffered from the terrible problems of a border that cuts across ethnic enmities, leaving opposing groups of people unable to come to terms with living together in peace and harmony.
		Burundi's three previous Hutu presidents were all overthrown by the military.
	www.greatestcities.com /users/cbray5003/Africa/Burundi (1248 words)

	Burundi Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Burundi Civil War (1993-2005) is driven by ethnic rivalries between Hutu and Tutsi tribal factions of Burundi.
		Burundi's first multiparty national elections were held on June 27, 1993.
		Melchior Ndadaye of the Front for Democracy in Burundi (FRODEBU) won the presidential election, the first person from the Hutu tribe to become the president since the country secured independence from Belgium in 1962.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Burundi_Civil_War (336 words)

	Burundi Civil War
		Burundi has been engaged in a civil war marked by ethnic violence, which included fighting between the Tutsi-dominated army and armed Hutu rebel groups.
		Burundi is poor and densely populated, with over four-fifths of the population engaged in subsistence agriculture.
		Burundi President Domitien Ndayizeye and the leader of the main Hutu rebel movement signed a peace accord in Dar es Salaam on 16 November 2003, while a smaller rebel group in the central African country was given three months to open talks or face consequences.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/burundi.htm (1955 words)

	The Congo War (1998-Present)
		The roots of this war go back to the 1994 civil war and genocide of the Tutsi ethnic group in Rwanda by the Hutu ethnic group.
		This war ended with the Tutsi in control of Rwanda, but hundreds of thousands of Hutu refugees and most surviving Hutu soldiers had fled to neighboring Congo, where new dictator Laurent Kabila allowed them to conduct cross-border raids into Rwanda.
		Burundi has a similar problem between Tutsi and Hutus and Uganda wished to strike at its own rebels who were hiding in the Congo's border areas.
	www.historyguy.com /congo_war.htm (700 words)

	Committee on Conscience \| Alert \| Burundi \| Current Situation
		Burundi is demographically similar to neighboring Rwanda, approximately 85% Hutu and 14% Tutsi, 1% Twa.
		The civil war in Burundi is fueled by extremists who propose ethnic solutions to the political clash between the majority Hutu’s aspirations for democracy and the minority Tutsi’s fears of genocide.
		And Burundi’s civil war became intertwined with the war in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa’s first “world war”.
	www.ushmm.org /conscience/alert/burundi/contents/02-current (1321 words)

	Burundi's tribal strife drags on despite truce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		BUJUMBURA, Burundi -- Yovita Barampanze's legs were amputated after she stepped on a landmine last year, so her husband, Stany Mamirampa, had to carry her on his back and scurry along with their five children to escape last month when Hutu rebels and the Burundian army clashed near their home outside Burundi's capital, Bujumbura.
		Burundi's brutal civil war has killed 300,000 people since fighting erupted in 1993 between the Tutsi-led army and opposition forces representing the country's Hutu majority.
		A recent U.N. report said the ongoing civil conflict displaces 100,000 people every month, at least temporarily, and those living in rural areas outside the capital are particularly vulnerable in this agrarian society where 70 percent of the population lives in poverty.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/03314/238052.stm (802 words)

	Relearning the Peace
		After decades of violence and civil war, the Hutus and Tutsis of Burundi, in Central Africa, are trying to govern the country together.
		The idea is to interrupt the culture that war has created and reintroduce a culture in which people understand that their own survival depends on their ability to collaborate.
		Participants in a session for the High Command of Burundi's National Police ranged from young Hutu rebels, who came of age fighting in the woods, to Tutsi leaders of the government's Gendarmerie, a force that was notorious for helping massacre Hutus.
	www.homelands.org /worlds/burundi.html (1000 words)

	Africa 2001
		While Burundi seemed relatively calm at year's end, the picture was rather grim in early 2001, with peace talks deadlocked and recurrent gun battles raging in and around the capital, Bujumbura.
		On May 15, general exhaustion with the endless political intrigues associated with the civil war prompted the state-run Radio Burundi to castigate both the government and the opposition for failing to restore peace.
		The toll of the eight-year war is staggering: 200,000 dead; 600,000 internally displaced persons; and 400,000 refugees scattered in neighboring countries, the Committee for Refugees reported in October.
	www.cpj.org /attacks01/africa01/burundi.html (1116 words)

	Burundi in bid to end hostilities
		The two bitter rivals in Burundi’s protracted civil war were brought together by President Benjamin Mkapa who at the start of the talks made a passionate appeal to the warring factions to seize the opportunity to engage in constructive talks that may bring back hope and sustainable peace in the Great Lakes Region.
		The main Hutu rebel group in Burundi, Forces for the Defence of Democracy, FDD, which agreed to join the transitional government in 2003 said the truce will strengthen the credibility of parliamentary and presidential elections due in August when the country’s transitional government is due to hand power to an elected administration.
		Burundi\'s Independent Electoral Commission, or CENI, has announced measures to ensure the scheduled general elections in the country to end Burundi's 45-month transitional phase to democratic rule, are conducted in a free and fair atmosphere.
	www.ippmedia.com /ipp/observer/2005/05/22/40094.html (980 words)

	Burundi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Rutamucero, who is the president of Puissance d'Autodefense-Amasekanya, was arrested on 2 May after members of his organisation staged a protest in Bujumbura against the Arusha peace accord and the adoption of laws on provisional immunity for returning political leaders, many of whom they hold responsible for massacres of Tutsis.
		An initiative of the UN Children's Fund and the Ministry of Interior's population department, the maps are being made available in Burundi for the first time, for use by planners in the government, UN agencies and NGOs.
		Burundi's budgetary and balance-of-payments-support needs for 2002-2005, tabled at the conference, amount to $787.5 million, including the current debts for the period, estimated at $173.9 million.
	www.cafran.nl /burundi-jaaroverzicht2002.html (2190 words)

	Our Mission
		To help rebuild the livestock sector in Burundi that was devastated following the 1993 civil war and ensuing unrest, and to assist livestock producers, projects, professionals, policy makers and others in this effort.
		Burundi's brutal civil war in 1993, followed by a decade of ongoing raids, have devastated the livestock sector: up to 98% of all livestock throughout the country have been stolen, killed, or died due to disease, malnutrition, and other problems.
		Burundi farmers are livestock dependent and therefore these returnees will need livestock or training in a livestock-based small enterprise, training in animal husbandry, and other inputs, in order to successfully re-establish their lives.
	members.tripod.com /burundigoats/Our_Mission/our_mission.html (1157 words)

	SA celebrates Burundi's peace - SouthAfrica.info
		The country was thrown into brutal civil war in which as many as 300 000 Hutus and Tutsis were massacred.
		Burundi, already unstable, seemed poised on the brink of a similar disaster.
		Although the civil war had largely ended, two Hutu groups - Palipehutu-FNL (FNL) and National Council for the Defence of Democracy-Forces for the Defence of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) - remained outside the negotiations.
	www.southafrica.info /what_happening/news/african_union/burundi2508.htm (1092 words)

	Burundi Post
		BUJUMBURA A former rebel group suspended its participation in Burundi's transitional government and parliament yesterday, jeopardising the peace process intended to end more than a decade of civil war in...
		Burundi's largest rebel group quit the transitional government yesterday, threatening a peace process designed to end 10 years of civil war.
		Bujumbura - The main former rebel group in Burundi said on Monday it was suspending its participation in a t...
	archive.wn.com /2004/05/04/1400/burundi (410 words)

	IRC \| Despite War, Disease Still Leading Cause of Death, Disability in Burundi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Despite a 10-year civil war in Burundi, diseases remained the major causes of disability and mortality in three provinces surveyed by the International Rescue Committee (IRC).
		War was the other cause of disabilities in the three provinces.
		War also accounted for 12.9 percent of deaths in the three provinces.
	www.theirc.org /news/despite_war_disease_still_leading_cause_of_death_disability_in_burundi.html (542 words)

	Civilians caught in middle as Tutsis, Hutus feud in Burundi - war in Burundi, Africa National Catholic Reporter - Find ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This dilemma is at the top of the agenda of the Burundi people, regional governments and relief agencies alike as they seek to halt the spiraling of ethnic strife between Burundi's majority Hutus and minority Tutsis.
		Caught in the middle -- as always -- are Burundi's civilians, the prime victims of reciprocal "ethnic cleansings." Tutsi gangs single out educated Hutus for attack in cities and towns, while Hutu guerrillas force Tutsi farmers to flee the countryside to safer urban areas close to army bases.
		Burundi has one of the highest population densities in the world: 559 people per square mile compared to 70 per square mile in the United States or 207 per square mile in neighboring Uganda.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1141/is_n25_v31/ai_16883556 (891 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Burundi's rebels keep on fighting
		Burundi's last remaining rebel group, the National Liberation Forces (FNL), has attacked the north of the capital, killing one civilian, the army said.
		Some 300,000 people were killed in the civil war, which was sparked in 1993 by the assassination of Burundi's first Hutu head of state and democratically elected president, Melchior Ndadaye.
		Peace in Burundi is seen as essential to a wider settlement in the troubled Great Lakes region, but analysts say that the country's peace prospects depend on Mr Nkurunziza's success in bringing the rival FNL group into government.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/4245148.stm (329 words)

	Burundi Regional Flags Reference
		Rwanda and Burundi have a historical background different from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.
		Alam argued that Rwanda and Burundi would act as robust springboards for regional businesses to penetrate the Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC market.
		Burundi has changed its constitution to guarantee that Batwa have political...
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Reference/Flags/Regional/Burundi (356 words)

	The Belmont Club: A reason to believe
		Iyad Allawi, the former Prime Minister of Iraq, is being quoted as describing Iraq in a state of civil war.
		A civil war is a visible event whose indicators includes the insubordination of armed units, mass refugee flows, the rise of rival governments, etc. The test is whether those events are being observed.
		In my view, the shift of meme from the "insurgency" to a "civil war" is a backhanded way of admitting the military defeat of the insurgency without abandoning the characterization of Iraq is an American fiasco.
	fallbackbelmont.blogspot.com /2006/03/reason-to-believe.html (5227 words)

	Burundi Government, Rebel Group, Prepare for Talks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The government of Burundi and the country's remaining rebel group are to meet Monday for peace talks in Tanzania.
		The National Liberation Forces rebel group is the last holdout against efforts to end Burundi's civil war.
		Burundi's civil war broke out in 1993, after the Tutsi-dominated army assassinated the country's first democratically elected president, who was a Hutu.
	www.voanews.com /english/2006-05-28-voa15.cfm (372 words)

	News: Great Lakes, Burundi struggles to move forward from war
		It is hard to imagine placid, picturesque Bujumbura and rural Burundi being rocked by the brutal civil war that erupted in 1993, killing 300,000 people.
		Salvator Ntacobamaze, Burundi's chief of state protocol and former interior minister, describes to VOA the purpose of the truth and reconciliation commission.
		War broke out in 1993 after the Tutsi-dominated army assassinated the country's first democratically-elected president, who was a Hutu.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EKOI-6PQ3JN?OpenDocument (824 words)

	Burundi Réalités - Actualités (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bringing the hardline FNL into peace talks remains one of the biggest challenges facing new Burundian President Pierre Nkurunziza, himself the former commander of a Hutu rebel group.
		Sworn in Aug. 26 after his election under a U.N.-backed peace plan to end Burundi's 12-year civil war, Nkurunziza has appointed a team to negotiate with the rebels.
		Burundi's civil war, which started in 1993 and led to a series of ethnic reprisals, killed more than 300,000 and plunged the tiny central African nation into turmoil.
	www.burundirealite.org /burundi/display_news_f.cfm?loc=636 (281 words)

	Civil War In Iraq? - by William S. Lind
		In Iraq's civil war, the most prominent faction is what America calls Iraq's "government." It is, of course, not a government, because there is no state.
		Fourth Generation war theory suggests that the Iraqi "government's" strength at the physical level and weakness at the moral level means it has already peaked.
		The resulting civil war may still have Sunni vs. Shi'ite aspects; in fact, it is almost certain to include that fault line.
	www.antiwar.com /lind/?articleid=3120 (766 words)

	African War & African Peace
		It is the first time that an African civil organization has attempted to mediate in a civil war.
		One time, when President Buyoya invited Mandela to go to Burundi, Mandela replied that it would be difficult for him to go to Burundi, where President Buyoya put people in prison just because they disagreed with him.
		When Mandela finally went to Burundi, he visited the prisons and said that political prisoners had to be released.
	www.newint.org /easier-english/Africa/africawarpeace.html (1088 words)

	Burundi
		The U.S. Embassy in Burundi operates with a limited staff and restricts the travel of U.S. Government personnel within the capital, while travel outside the capital is limited to travel by air only.
		Family members are prohibited from accompanying U.S. Government employees assigned to Burundi, and personnel assigned to Burundi on a temporary basis may have their visits cancelled or curtailed.
		Updated information on travel and security in Burundi may be obtained from the Department of State by calling 1-888-407-4747 toll free in the United States, or for callers outside the United States and Canada, a regular toll line at 1-317-472-2328.
	travel.state.gov /travel/burundi_warning.html (493 words)

	Mandela Confident of Burundi Peace
		JOHANNESBURG, South Africa –– The warring parties in Burundi's civil war have been invited to a Sept. 20 meeting in Nairobi, Kenya to discuss a cease-fire, former President Nelson Mandela said Thursday.
		Tutsis dominate the army and the economy of Hutu-majority Burundi.
		Civil war broke out in 1993 upon the assassination of the central African nation's first and only democratically elected president, a Hutu.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/aponline/20000831/aponline091743_000.htm (423 words)

	war list by nation
		Wars are listed undert the heading of each nation.
		Rwandan Civil War—(1994-Present): The current Rwandan government is dominated by the Tutsi tribe, which overthrew the old government dominated by the Hutu tribe.
		Sri Lankan Civil War—(1983-Present): Sri Lanka's civil war is due to problems between the Tamil minority and the Sinhalese majority.
	www.historyguy.com /war_list_by_nation.html (2595 words)

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