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Topic: Burundi presidential election, 1993

	Burundi presidential election, 1993 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Burundi’s first multiparty presidential election since independence in 1962 was held on 1 June 1993.
		Ndadaye was sworn in as the first Hutu president of Burundi on 10 July 1993.
		His rule would be short, however, as he was assassinated on 21 October 1993 during a military coup by elements of the predominantly Tutsi army.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Burundi_presidential_election,_1993 (382 words)

	Burundi - History and Politics
		Elections were held in Burundi in 1961 in which, contrary to the wishes of the administration, Uprona triumphed, securing 80% of the vote and 58 of the 64 seats in the legislature.
		On 1 June 1993 the first presidential election under the new constitution was won by Melchior Ndadaye of the Front pour la démocratie au Burundi (Frodebu), who took 65% of the vote to Buyoya's 32%.
		Local elections at the commune level were due to be held in February, while legislative and senatorial elections in March and presidential elections scheduled to take place on 22 April.
	www.iss.co.za /AF/profiles/Burundi/Politics.html (3501 words)

	Burundi on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Burundi is one of the poorest, smallest, and most densely populated nations in Africa.
		Burundi was convulsed by ethnic violence in which thousands of Hutus and Tutsis died, and many fled the country.
		Correction: Burundi former rebel leader vows return to peace Attention: In the Kigali story headlined "Burundi presidential hopeful vows return to peace", please read headline as "Burundi former rebel leader vows return to peace".
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/Burundi.asp (1658 words)

	Sudan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Al-Turabi was stripped of his posts in the ruling party and the government, parliament was disbanded, the constitution was suspended, and a state of national emergency was declared by presidential decree.
		In Sudan’s 1993 census, the population was calculated at 25 million.
		Burundi · Comoros · Djibouti · Eritrea · Ethiopia · Kenya · Madagascar · Malawi · Mauritius · Mozambique · Rwanda · Seychelles · Somalia · Tanzania · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabwe
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sudan (3153 words)

	Elections in Burundi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Elections in Burundi gives information on election and election results in Burundi.
		Burundi elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.
		Burundi has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and a third party that is electorally successful.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_Burundi (316 words)

	[No title]
		Realizing this, the OSCE postponed the most sensitive component of the elections, those for the municipal bodies, until 1997; Nationalist parties were able to exploit loopholes in the electoral rules and regulations to stack the voter roles with their preferred constituencies.
		Burundi was incorporated into the Rwanda-Urundi territory and was administered by the Belgians from 1919 until 1962, when Belgium withdrew. The next thirty years were marked by turmoil and countless different leaders and coups.
		However, as Edgeworth points out, in the 1999 Duma elections, the 20% participation rate of registered voters abroad hardly had a decisive impact on the outcome of the elections. In the 2000 Presidential elections, 360 voting stations were established in 130 countries worldwide. There are currently over 107,000,000 registered voters in the Russian Federation.
	www.geneseo.edu /~iompress/Master_CaseStudies.doc (13720 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Background
		Presidential and legislative elections held in October and December 2000 provoked violence due to the exclusion of opposition leader Alassane OUATTARA.
		Democratic elections in 1974 and a referendum created a parliamentary republic and abolished the monarchy; Greece joined the European Community or EC in 1981 (which became the EU in 1992).
		The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country.
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2028.html (15472 words)

	Burundi’s ex-rebel wins key election
		The poll was a prelude to parliamentary and presidential elections aimed at establishing democracy after a decade of ethnic conflict.
		The election was seen as a test of strength of the 30 Hutu and Tutsi parties vying for seats on local councils in a country split between Tutsis and Hutus who represent 85 percent of the population of about eight million.
		The presidential and parliamentary elections are due to be held by August.
	www.eastandard.net /archives/cl/print/news.php?articleid=22526 (390 words)

	Burundi - Country Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Ndadaye was assassinated in October of 1993 and in 1994 and his successor Cyprien Ntaryamira, also a Hutu, was killed in a plane crash with the president of Rwanda.
		The Government of Burundi reported to CEDAW that it expects the life expectancy of Burundian women to fall from 60 to 39 by 2010 due to the spread of HIV/AIDS.
		The Special Rapporteur on Human Rights in Burundi reported in 2001 that child prostitution was reaching "disquieting proportions." Causes for child prostitution are often war-related, such as the destruction of traditional community support structures, increased numbers of orphans due to combat, HIV and abandonment and the inaccessibility of other means of financial sustenance.
	www.womenwarpeace.org /burundi/burundi.htm (9570 words)

	Burundi
		Burundi is a republic ruled by a Transitional Government established under the Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Accord (Arusha Accord) in November 2001.
		Majority rule is to be accomplished through communal and legislative elections, and the protection of minority rights is to be reflected in a senate and armed forces that have a higher percentage of Tutsis than the population at large.
		The Confederation of Burundi Labor Unions (COSYBU) represented 17 of 18 unions; the Confederation of Free Unions in Burundi (CSB) represented 1 union.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27715.htm (11698 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Praise for peaceful Burundi poll
		Burundi's elections, which saw former rebels win a large majority, have been praised by observers and analysts.
		The elections are almost the last stage in a peace process to end 12 years of war between Hutu rebels and the Tutsi-dominated army.
		The last time a Hutu won presidential elections, in 1993, the Tutsi-led army staged a coup but correspondents say this is not likely now, as African leaders would not tolerate a military takeover.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/4656391.stm (443 words)

	Burundi
		Until November when a transitional government was inaugurated, Burundi was ruled by an authoritarian military regime led by self-proclaimed interim President Pierre Buyoya, who was brought to power in a bloodless coup by the largely ethnic Tutsi armed forces in 1996 and who abrogated the Constitution.
		The peace agreement instructs the country's next transitional government to hold local, national, and presidential elections within a 3-year period, and to oversee elections for a newly formed Senate; however, this agreement was not implemented fully by year's end.
		Not all of those elected in 1993 are alive or in the country, and the vacant seats were filled by substitutes from the same political party as the original parliamentarian.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/af/8280.htm (11195 words)

	BURUNDI HISTORY
		Other parties in the pre election period: PDC (Parti Démocrate Chrétien) and PP (Parti du Peuple) PP was financed by Mr Mauss, a Belgian fronting the colonial administration and aimed at dividing the Burundian nationalists.
		Burundi is proclaimed a republic and a single party state with Uprona as the only authorised party.
		Burundi's government and the country's last rebel group tentatively agreed to end hostilities and sign a comprehensive cease-fire deal in two weeks.
	homepage.mac.com /trondsc/Burundi/History/1.Dates.html (1959 words)

	BURUNDI
		She is the first woman in the country to hold this post and is convinced that wisdom, acquired with age, was one attribute that won her the vote.
		It is true that in 1993, Burundi organised democratic elections but there were no mechanisms in place to protect the elected institutions.
		The army was not representative of Burundi's ethnic composition and there was no national police to protect the president and other dignitaries.
	www.arib.info /Nahayo_IRIN.htm (1380 words)

	Burundi Information
		Burundi troops, seeking to secure their borders, intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998.
		While the Government of Burundi signed a cease-fire agreement in December 2002 with three of Burundi's four Hutu rebel groups, implementation of the agreement has been problematic and one rebel group refuses to sign on, clouding prospects for a sustainable peace.
		Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector.
	www.country-info.com /facts/Burundi.htm (1224 words)

	[No title]
		In 1993 the twin themes of peace-making and democratization, on the one hand, and descent into chaos and humanitarian disaster, on the other, continued to dominate human rights developments in Africa, presenting a mixed picture of precarious improvement in some countries, stalemate or deadlock in others and unmitigated catastrophe in a few cases.
		Given the commonly assumed susceptibility of such groups to external pressure, it may be asked whether the SPLA factions were receiving mixed messages from the U.S. administration and Congress: condemnation of their human rights record in public and expressions of "understanding and support" in private.
		Two separate missions were sent to both countries during 1993 in order to provide consistent information on the pattern of abuses and, in the case of Somalia, the role of the U.N. A theme that was woven through much of Africa Watch's work involved the government's role in manipulating ethnic conflict.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1994/WR94/Africa.htm (2124 words)

	Burundi
		The government argues that Burundi’s needs meet the requirements of post-conflict reconstruction, and hopes to copy the example of Sierra Leone, where a UN integrated office was established to help rebuild the infrastructure of stable government.
		This article argues that mistrust between Burundi's government and the rebel forces has caused the rekindling of violence between them, and that time is necessary for dispelling this mistrust and for bringing the two sides back into the peace process.
		Burundi's rebel group, the National Liberation Forces (FNL) announced that it would stop fighting government troops and their allies, bringing hopes of an end to the decade of civil war.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/sanction/indexbur.htm (2952 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Burundi's post-war election campaign begins
		The first presidential election in a small central African country torn since 1993 by civil war between rebels of the Hutu majority and an army long dominated by minority Tutsis will be an indirect one under a new constitution that went to a referendum on February 28.
		The local elections are important in a country where, as in neighbouring Rwanda to the north which has a similar ethnic make-up and a bloody history, much of the population is rural and lives in hillside communes forming the grassroots base of a rigid social order.
		Some Tutsi parties, used to being the dominant force in Burundi's political and social order, have already protested that a 50-50 power-sharing deal is unsatisfactory though they make up only about 14 percent of the population, 85 percent being Hutu and about one percent Twa pygmy.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/MHII-6CJ35A?OpenDocument (452 words)

	Reactions & congratulations to Nigeria and Nigerians on successful conclusion of presidential election, 1999.
		At each ward or polling booths where elections took place, party agents and some of the electorates were present when the results were declared at their levels.
		He is a civilian at the moment of election and by right and virtue of democracy and as a Nigerian citizen he is no less than it is required by any criteria or standard of any civilized country.
		When the election is held in a country like Nigeria where the tools and equipments for perfect election processes is lacking we should expect plus or minus in the result.
	nigeriaworld.com /focus/politics/nigeriaweb_reactions2.html (9983 words)

	Uganda says Burundi election deadline crucial to peace process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Uganda warned Thursday that Burundi's peace process would collapse if crucial elections were not held as scheduled by October 31.
		That deadline was upheld early last month by a Uganda-led grouping of regional states overseeing peace efforts in Burundi, where a civil war which started in 1993 is beginning to peter out.
		"Without elections by that date, a political vacuum, the consequences of which are hard to countenance, will be ushered in," Butime warned.
	www.spacewar.com /2004/040715143508.06pxequy.html (195 words)

	Burundi ruling party says won't contest in presidential polls
		BUJUMBURA - Burundi's ruling Hutu party said yesterday it would not stand in the presidential election next month, virtually guaranteeing the top post to a former rebel leader whose party dominated parliamentary polls.
		The presidential election next month is the culmination of a UN-backed peace deal signed in 2000, designed to end more than a decade of civil war pitting the politically dominant Tutsi minority against insurgents from the Hutu majority.
		The FDD, led by former university lecturer and current presidential candidate Pierre Nkurunziza, dominated parliamentary polls in the tiny central African nation on July 4, winning 58 per cent of votes.
	www.namibian.com.na /2005/July/world/05C40E2610.html (408 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Ex-Hutu rebels win Burundi poll
		Burundi's former Hutu rebel group have won a parliamentary majority after Monday's elections, officials say.
		Carolyn McAskie, head of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB), said turnout had fallen from the 80% seen in last month's local elections but was still "totally acceptable".
		A Burundian soldier was slightly injured when a hand grenade exploded in the capital, Bujumbura, as ballots were being counted, Burundi's deputy police chief Col Helmenegilde Mimenya told the AFP news agency.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/4650997.stm (455 words)

	Elections in Burundi
		At the next election, to be held in 2010, the President will be elected by direct popular vote.
		The Charter of National Unity was intended to formally abolish ethnic discrimination and to permit the creation of a new constitution to further the democratization process.
		100 seats were filled based on the election* results; The remaining 18 seats were allocated based on the constitutional requirement that 60% of seats are filled by ethnic Hutus, 40% by ethnic Tutsis, 30% by Women, and 3 by ethnic Twa.
	africanelections.tripod.com /bi.html (553 words)

	Top20CentralAfricanRepublic.com - Your Top20 Guide to Central African Republic!
		The first fair democratic elections were held in 1993 and brought Ange-FÃ©lix PatassÃ© to power, but President PatassÃ©'s was overthrown by General FranÃ§ois BozizÃ© in 2003.
		In 1998 parliamentary elections resulted in Kolingba' RDC winning 20 out of 109 seats, which constituted a comeback, but in 1999 PatassÃ© won free elections to become president for a second term.
		Full multiparty presidential and parliamentary elections were held in March 2005, [1] with a second round in May. BozizÃ© was declared the winner after a run off vote [2].
	www.top20centralafricanrepublic.com (3457 words)

	Top20Niger.com - Your Top20 Guide to Niger!
		After dissolving the national electoral committee, BarÃ© organized and won a flawed presidential election in July 1996 and his party won 90% of parliament seats in a flawed legislative election in November 1996.
		In votes that international observers found to be generally free and fair, the Nigerien electorate approved the new constitution in July 1999 and held legislative and presidential elections in October and November 1999.
		This was the first presidential election with a democratically elected incumbent and a test to Niger’s young democracy.
	www.top20niger.com (4141 words)

	Social Justice Incorporated-burundi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only one hundred days in office.
		Burundi troops, seeking to secure their borders, briefly intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998.
		Implementation of the agreement has been problematic, however, as one remaining rebel group refuses to sign on and elections have been repeatedly delayed, clouding prospects for a sustainable peace.
	www.socialjusticeinc.com /blog/LDC/burundi.html (1260 words)

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