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	Burying Beetle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The beetles are strong fliers, moving as far as one and a half miles a night.
		The victors bury the carcass, the pair mates and the female lays her eggs in an adjacent tunnel.
		Reasons for the decline and disappearance of American burying beetle are unclear and speculation has ranged from increased competition and predation by scavenging mammals to prevalence of outdoor lighting and habitat disruption including increased use of insecticides.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /wildlife/Resources/projects/beetle/beetle.htm (774 words)

	American Burying Beetle
		Burying beetles are generally fl, with red, yellow or orange markings on the elytra, or wing covers.
		Burying beetles are among the few insects that provide parental care for their young.
		Burying beetles have a symbiotic (mutually beneficial) relationship with a group of mites of the genus Poecilochirus.
	www.northern.edu /natsource/ENDANG1/Buryin1.htm (1196 words)

	Burying Beetle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This beetle inhabits woodlands, coastal shrub thickets, and grasslands, where the humus and top soil are sufficiently deep for the burial of carrion (dead animal bodies).
		In the late 1700's and 1800's this beetle was common and abundant and the exact reasons for its population decline are unknown.
		The beetle was reintroduced in Massachusetts in 1990.
	members.aol.com /yesclub2/burybtle.html (392 words)

	American Burying Beetle Fact Sheet
		The American burying beetle, also known as the "giant carrion beetle," is the largest member of its genus in North America.
		American burying beetles are scavengers, attracted to decaying vegetation and carrion.
		In addition to the known populations in Rhode Island and Oklahoma, American burying beetles were collected in Ontario, Kentucky, Arkansas, Missouri and Nebraska as late as 1970.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dfwmr/wildlife/endspec/abbefs.html (1129 words)

	USFWS - American Burying Beetle Fact Sheet
		The creatures are carrion beetles, also commonly known as burying beetles, and they are on of nature's most efficient and fascinating recyclers.
		The American burying beetle, the largest of the North American carrion beetles, has so drastically declined in numbers and range that, in July 1989, it was added to the federal Endangered Species List.
		Burying beetles are unusual in that both the male and female take part in raising the young.
	www.fws.gov /midwest/endangered/insects/abb_fact.html (840 words)

	Burying beetle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Burying beetles or sexton beetles (genus Nicrophorus) are the best-known members of the family Silphidae (carrion beetles).
		They bury the carcasses of small vertebrates such as birds and rodents as a food source for their larvae.
		Burying beetles have large club-like antennae equipped with chemoreceptors capable of detecting a dead animal from a long way away.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Burying_beetle (600 words)

	American burying beetle - Nicrophorus americanus: More Information - ARKive
		Burying beetles receive their common name from their specialised mechanism of parental care that involves providing the growing larvae with carrion upon which to feed.
		American burying beetles only live for one season and adults die soon after they have ceased to provide for their young (2).
		American burying beetles have been lost from the majority of their former range; populations in the east had largely disappeared by the 1920s, whilst the decline in the American Midwest was well documented in the 1980s (2).
	www.arkive.org /species/GES/invertebrates_terrestrial_and_freshwater/Nicrophorus_americanus/more_info.html (638 words)

	Nicrophorus americanus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nicrophorus americanus, the American burying beetle or giant carrion beetle, is an endangered species of beetle endemic to North America.
		It is the largest carrion beetle in North America, is carnivorous, feeds on carrion and requires carrion to breed.
		The beetle is nocturnal and is a strong flier, moving as far as a kilometer in one night.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Burying_Beetle (700 words)

	Insect Behavior Review Articles 1997
		Abstract Burying beetles are one of the few examples of parental care in insects outside of the social insects.
		These burying beetles have quite an assortment of actions all of which contribute to the result of raising their offspring to pass on their genes to the next generation.
		Behav Ecol Sociobiol 27 : 11-16 Muller JK, Eggert A, Dressel J (1990) lntraspecific brood parasitism in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coieoptera:Silphidae).
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en507/papers_1997/walter.html (3242 words)

	Royal Alberta Museum: Invertebrate Zoology - Bug Facts - Burying Beetle
		Burying beetles are some of the most colourful beetles in Alberta, with their bold fl and orange-red pattern.
		They are rather stocky beetles, with obviously clubbed antennae, and are all fl except for four large orange-red patches on the elytra (the modified, hardened front wings).
		Burying beetles utilize carcasses of small mammals as a food source for themselves and their young.
	www.royalalbertamuseum.ca /natural/insects/bugsfaq/burying.htm (454 words)

	beetles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The families of beetles containing the most species in North America are the rove beetles (Staphylinidae, 3100 species), the weevils (Curculionidae, 2432 species), the ground beetles (Carabidae, 1700 species), the leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae, 1474 species), the scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae, 1375 species), the darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae, 1300 species), and the long-horned beetles (Cerambycidae, 1100 species).
		Beetles usually have two sets of wings, the hard front wings, or elytra (elytron is singular), and the soft hind wings for flying.
		Larvae of long-horned beetles (family Cerambycidae) and metallic wood-boring beetles (family Buprestidae) bore in the wood of shrubs and trees, especially those that are dying or dead.
	www.ivyhall.district96.k12.il.us /4th/kkhp/1insects/beetles.html (2036 words)

	Nicrophorus reproductive behavior
		A male burying beetle, upon arriving at a carcass where there is no female, will walk to a higher elevation near by and adopts a ‘sterzeln’ position in which he circles the tip of his abdomen in the air intermittently for several hours (Pukowski 1933).
		Secondly, burying and preparing a carcass cooperatively stimulates ovarian development of the larger female and slow it for the smaller female, reducing or delaying ovipostion by the subordinate.
		Robertson, I. Extra-pair copulations in burying beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae).
	www.msu.edu /user/miller20/ebert.htm (3020 words)

	Endangered American Burying Beetle Update
		Carrion beetles, as their name implies, are an important part of a vast host of scavengers that are responsible for recycling decaying materials back into the ecosystem.
		Of principal importance to the beetles and their young is burial of the food resource, which effectively removes it from the arena of intense competition by maggots, other carrion-feeding insects and even mammal scavengers.
		Burying beetles are unique among the silphids because they break the cycle of competition at the food source and provide their larvae a considerably safer, relatively predator-free subterranean environment in which to develop.
	www-museum.unl.edu /research/entomology/endanger.htm (1879 words)

	USFWS - ENDANGERED SPECIES
		Collecting records indicate that east of the Appalachian Mountains the American burying beetle declined in a generally north to south direction, and the decline was well underway, if not complete, by 1923.
		Of principal importance to the beetles and their young is burial of the food resource, which effectively removes it from intense competition by maggots, other carrion-feeding insects and even mammal scavengers.
		Beetles are being reintroduced in Massachusetts from a laboratory colony at Boston University, and other introductions are planned.
	www.fws.gov /southdakotafieldoffice/BEETLE.HTM (1046 words)

	beetlelady.com » American Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus americanus Oliver): Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation
		American burying beetles are also sexually dimorphic, the males and females being easily separated by the marking patterns on their clypeus (Figure 2) (Bedick, et al.1999).
		The prevailing view among those who study the American burying beetle is that the small size of its current range and numbers are due to a number of circumstances, which in combination have placed the species under considerable pressure.
		The five factors which are believed to have contributed to the decline of the American burying beetle are: (1) light pollution, (2) change in carrion sources, (3) habitat fragmentation, (4) increased competition from vertebrate scavengers due to edge effect, and (5) change in population genetics (Ratcliffe 2001).
	www.beetlelady.com /?page_id=6 (3516 words)

	Digimorph - Nicrophorus americanus (American Burying Beetle)
		Currently, the American burying beetle is restricted to three localities including eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas, central Nebraska and southern South Dakota, and Block Island, Rhode Island (Lomolino et al., 1995; Holloway and Schnell, 1997; Creighton and Scnhell, 1998).
		Beetles have two pairs of wings, the fore wings and the hind wings.
		Researchers have suggested that the reduction in the geographic range of the American burying beetle is related to the decline in medium sized vertebrates throughout its previous range and subsequently a lack of appropriately-sized carcasses for reproduction (Lomolino et al., 1995; Holloway and Schnell, 1997; Creighton and Scnhell, 1998).
	digimorph.org /specimens/Nicrophorus_americanus (731 words)

	Gordon's Burying Beetles Page
		Burying Beetles are fascinating, not only because they are large often attractively coloured beetles, or because of their gruesome interest in small vertebrate corpses, but because they go in for a great deal of parental care of their young.
		Burying beetles are much more common in temperate and or alpine environments and do not occur at all in Africa or Australia.
		Burying beetles locate carcasses by smell, they have the end segments of their antennae enlarged and flattened to increase their surface area, which enhances their ability to detect the odours of decay.
	www.earthlife.net /insects/nicrophorus.html (1710 words)

	Michelle P. Scott
		I focus on silphid beetles, a diverse group of insects offering a number of species that can be studied in the field and in the laboratory while retaining an important element of naturalism.
		I am interested in the evolution of monogamy and parental care, which characterize burying beetles in particular, and in the ecological factors that are important.
		Burying beetle parents must coordinate their parental behavior with the discovery of the breeding resource and with the physiology and behavior of their mate in order to successfully defend and rear their young.
	zoology.unh.edu /faculty/scott/scott.html (726 words)

	Study: Endangered Species Act effective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The beetle once ranged in at least 34 states, but is now absent from 90 percent of its historic range, "one of the most disastrous declines of an insect's range ever to be recorded," says the report.
		The beetle population is between 1,000 and 2,000, Comings says, and has been on the rise for the past few years, apparently in response to a new technique aimed at helping the beetles breed.
		The beetles typically drag mid-range carrion underground and coat them in secretions to retard fungal and bacterial growth, says the study.
	www.blockislandtimes.com /news/2006/0318/Front_Page/004.html (932 words)

	The American Burying Beetle in South Dakota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Burying beetles are just one small group of beetles among the over 350,000 species of beetles known to science.
		Burying beetles are in the genus Nicrophorus and are among the most fascinating insects in the world.
		Burying beetles are rarely seen by people unless they check dead animals for their presence.
	www.sdgfp.info /wildlife/diversity/ABB/abb.htm (1411 words)

	NPWRC :: Fragile Legacy
		The American burying beetle is active at night, when the male and female seek large (50-200 g) carrion.
		The American burying beetle was collected in Brookings and Union Counties in the 1940s.
		Captive populations of American burying beetles at Boston University were used by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to reintroduce the species to a second New England island in 1990.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/wildlife/sdrare/species/nicramer.htm (444 words)

	[No title]
		The American Burying Beetle, the largest of the North American carrion beetles, has drastically declined in numbers and range.
		Most distinctly, there is an orange-red marking on the beetle's pronotum, a large shield-like area just behind the head.
		In an attempt to establish another beetle population, biologists have released laboratory-raised American Burying Beetles on Penikese Island in Massachusetts, historical habitat of the insects.
	www.mass.gov /agr/pesticides/species/brochure/insect_beetle_burying.htm (186 words)

	American Burying Beetle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The American burying beetle used to be found in 35 states in the eastern and central United States, as well as along the southern parts of Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia in Canada.
		The American burying beetle is the largest carrion-eating insect in North America; it may reach a length of l l/2 inches.
		It is very important that the beetles bury the carrion as soon as they find it, because it doesn't give maggots, other carrion-feeding insects and even mammal scavengers a chance to eat their food source.
	www.ivyhall.district96.k12.il.us /4th/kkhp/1insects/amburyingbeetle.html (1296 words)

	Burying Beetle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The American burying beetle is a scavenger, and it helps clean up the environment by eating the dead bodies of animals.
		When a male and a female burying beetle find a dead animal, they bury it by digging a hole beneath the body and then covering it with dirt.
		Once, the American burying beetle was found in all of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains.
	www.thewildones.org /Animals/buryBtl.html (407 words)

	Sexton Beetles
		Sexton Beetles are found on carrion and often bury small dead animals (rodents, birds, etc.) as a food store for themselves and their offspring.
		The female beetle lays her eggs in the soil, close to the buried carcass, and remains there until the eggs hatch.
		There appears to be some degree of parental care, in that the female beetle regurgitates a brown liquid of partly digested food for the young larvae, until they are large enough to eat the carrion on their own.
	www.kendall-bioresearch.co.uk /silphid.htm (427 words)

	beetle project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		American Burying Beetle Restoration Project - The Athens Ranger District is proposing to continue state reintroduction efforts of the American Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus americanus, by introducing them to the Wayne National Forest.
		The American Burying Beetle is a federal endangered species that inhabits a variety of habitats including, oak-hickory forests with open understories, and grasslands.
		The last known occurrence of the American Burying Beetle in Ohio was in 1974 near Old Man’s Cave in Hocking County.
	www.fs.fed.us /r9/wayne/projects/ea_docs/scoping/abb_project.html (251 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The American burying beetle is a fascinating endangered species which displays many of the nesting behaviors of birds.
		Burying Beetle are unusual in that both the male and the female take part in raising their young.
		Although this beetle was once found in 35 states, its numbers have declined drastically and is now known to occur in only two states: Rhode Island and Oklahoma.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/IESE/Projects/Zooscope/UNITS/DYNAMIC/Beetlman.html (1500 words)

	The American Burying Beetle - an appreciated species.
		The American burying beetle is said to be the largest carrion-consuming insect on the North American continent.
		After burial is complete, the animal is "inoculated" with secretions that preserve the carrion and delay decomposition.
		These beetles are much different than other insects, because both parents tend to the larvae during growth and development.
	biology.clc.uc.edu /students/106-renee/beetle.html (494 words)

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