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Topic: Bush administration doctrine of military preeminence

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Hearst doctrine

Foreign policy doctrine

Military doctrine

Bush Doctrine

American foreign policy

War of aggression

United States National Security Council

Jus Ad Bellum

United States

Preventive war

United States Navy

Project for the New American Century

International law

Axis of evil

Paul Wolfowitz

In the News (Wed 30 May 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

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	Bush Doctrine - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The Bush Doctrine refers to the set of revised foreign policies adopted by President of the United States George W. Bush in the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
		A doctrine permitting pre-emptive strikes against developing threats can be seen as a change from focusing on the doctrine of deterrence (for instance, the Cold War policy of mutually assured destruction) as the primary means of self-defense.
		The Bush Doctrine takes the view that the potential results of the use of a weapon of mass destruction are so grave that preemption is warranted, especially when such weapons could be acquired by hostile armed groups "whose so-called soldiers seek martyrdom in death and whose most potent protection is statelessness".
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Bush_administration_doctrine_of_military_preeminence (1408 words)

	Bush Doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bush Doctrine is a marked departure from the policies of deterrence and containment that generally characterized American foreign policy during the Cold War and the decade between the collapse of the Soviet Union and 9/11.
		A doctrine permitting preventive war can be seen as a change from the practice of limiting preemptive strikes to the destruction of specific targets as a means of self-defense, and from focusing on the doctrine of deterrence (for instance, the Cold War policy of mutually assured destruction).
		The Bush Doctrine takes the view that the potential results of the use of a weapon of mass destruction are so grave that preemption is warranted, especially when such weapons could be acquired by hostile armed groups "whose so-called soldiers seek martyrdom in death and whose most potent protection is statelessness".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bush_Doctrine (2309 words)

	Bush administration doctrine of military preeminence
		The doctrine was announced on September 17th, 2002 in "The National Security Strategy of the United States" [1] together with the Bush doctrine of pre-emptive strikes.
		The doctrine can be compared to the pre-World War One United Kingdom doctrine requiring their navy to be bigger than the combination of the next two largest navies and has also been described as the American version of the British Empire saying "The sun never sets on the British Empire".
		The doctrine is a pre-eminence doctrine based on the "unparalleled military strength," of the United States and its determination to maintain worldwide military supremacy.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/b/bu/bush_administration_doctrine_of_military_preeminence.html (218 words)

	Bush administration doctrine of military preeminence - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - ...
		The Bush administration doctrine of military preeminence (informally called the "Hertz doctrine"--see below for coinage) is a name given to the foreign policy doctrine of maintaining United States military pre-eminence.
		The doctrine can be compared to the pre-World War I United Kingdom doctrine requiring their navy to be bigger than the combination of the next two largest navies and has also been described as the American version of the British Empire saying "The sun never sets on the British Empire".
		The doctrine is a pre-eminence doctrine based on the "unparalleled military strength," of the United States and its determination to maintain worldwide military supremacy.
	www.music.us /education/B/Bush-administration-doctrine-of-military-preeminence.htm (445 words)

	Doctrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Doctrine, from Latin doctrina, (compare doctor), means "a body of teachings" or "instructions", taught principles or positions, as the body of teachings in a branch of knowledge or belief system.
		The reader will judge the coherence of various 'doctrines' of policy: the Stimson Doctrine, the Truman Doctrine, the Eisenhower Doctrine, the Brezhnev Doctrine, the Nixon Doctrine, the Carter Doctrine, the Bush doctrine, and the less catchy Bush administration doctrine of military preeminence, the Kirkpatrick doctrine etc. (see list of US Presidential Doctrines.
		The typical example is tactical doctrine in which a standard set of maneuvers, kinds of troops and weapons are employed as a default approach to a kind of attack.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/d/do/doctrine.html (295 words)

	The New American Militarism by Tom Engelhardt and Andrew Bacevich
		The military budget soars; planning for high-tech weaponry for the near (and distant) future – like the Common Aero Vehicle, a suborbital space capsule capable of delivering "conventional" munitions anywhere on the planet within 2 hours and due to come on line by 2010 – is the normal order of business in Pentagonized Washington.
		The Bush administration has tacitly acknowledged as much in describing the global campaign against terror as a conflict likely to last decades and in promulgating – and in Iraq implementing – a doctrine of preventive war.
		For this nationally televised moment, Bush was not simply mingling with the troops; he had merged his identity with their own and made himself one of them – the president as warlord.
	www.lewrockwell.com /engelhardt/engelhardt71.html (3883 words)

	The Bush Manifesto : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		But in speeches over the intervening months, Bush’s invocation of an “axis of evil,” his espousal of “regime change” in Iraq, his warning that each nation must choose which side it was on in the war against terror—all this had struck some Americans and most Europeans as too sweeping or too aggressive.
		Bush, however, treats this as a practical goal, thereby giving the first glimpse of the unlikely radicalism of his whole approach.
		So detached was Bush from foreign policy in the first months of his presidency that, despite the requirements of the law, he neglected altogether to submit a national-security strategy in 2001.
	sf.indymedia.org /news/2002/12/1550486.php (5806 words)

	Doctrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		In matters of foreign policy, a Doctrine is a body of axioms fundamental to the exercise of a nation's foreign policy.
		Doctrines of this sort are almost always presented as the personal creations of one particular political leader, whom they are named after.
		Examples include the Monroe Doctrine, the Stimson Doctrine, the Truman Doctrine, the Eisenhower Doctrine, the Brezhnev Doctrine, and the less catchy Bush administration Doctrine of military preeminence, and the Kirkpatrick doctrine.
	doctrine.area51.ipupdater.com (344 words)

	Iraq and the Failures of Democracy, by Richard Falk and David Krieger, February 10, 2003
		As the Bush administration prods the country toward an unpopular and illegal war with Iraq, it is a matter of national urgency to question whether our constitutional system of government is providing adequate protection to the American people against the scourge of war.
		No opponents of the approach taken by the Bush administration were invited to participate in the hearings, which almost exclusively analyzed the costs and benefits of the war option as applied to Iraq.
		Part of this explanation is the frustration experienced by the Bush administration in the aftermath of the Afghanistan War.
	www.wagingpeace.org /articles/2003/02/10_falk_iraq.htm (2169 words)

	Gary Dorrien - “Benevolent Global Hegemony”: William Kristol and the Politics of American Empire -- Logos: Spring 2004
		Bush suggested that American troops should be withdrawn from the Balkans; Cheney groused that Milosevic’s electoral defeat on September 24, 2000, did not vindicate Clinton’s decision to fight in Kosovo; Kristol and Kagan replied that it certainly did.
		Bush did very well when he kept it simple and invoked a single anti-terrorist standard, they judged; when he performed poorly, as on the Palestinian problem, Powell was usually involved.
		Bush was not as militant on China, North Korea, and the Middle East as his neo-con allies, but to a remarkable extent he championed the neo-con vision of global Americanism.
	www.logosjournal.com /issue_3.2/dorrien.htm (5294 words)

	The Human Costs of Bombing Iran \| The Progressive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		George Bush didn’t exactly deny Seymour Hersh’s report in The New Yorker that the Administration is considering using tactical nuclear weapons against Iran.
		But it is now Bush Administration doctrine to be able to use such weapons.
		For Bush, that is evidently not a disqualification.
	www.progressive.org /mag_wx041106 (1386 words)

	The Bush Doctrine of Pre-emptive Strikes; A Global Pax Americana - Global Issues
		Bush argued that the strategy of deterrence, and “mutually assured destruction” of states that prevented the Soviet Union and the U.S. from annihilating each other, was now outdated, for fear of stateless terrorists getting hold of weapons of mass destruction.
		But the Bush doctrine is the first to elevate such wars of offense to the status of official policy, and to call “preemptive” (referring to imminent peril) what is actually preventive (referring to longer-term, hypothetical, avoidable peril).
		And so, even as the Bush Administration proclaimed US military superiority, it pulled the country out of the world’s major peaceful initiatives to deal with global problems—withdrawing from the Kyoto Protocol to check global warming and from the International Criminal Court, and sabotaging a protocol that would have given teeth to the biological weapons convention.
	www.globalissues.org /Geopolitics/Empire/Bush.asp (6824 words)

	Robert F. Drinan column: Bush’s unilateralism aggravates world’s problems
		The Bush doctrine seems to support a position that America’s unique military preeminence excuses it from obeying the rules of international law.
		The administration is calling for an American imperialism that must be carried out with little regard for the United Nations or the long-standing doctrines of international law.
		It is painful to have to note that the Bush administration and the Pentagon have not recognized these truths and as a result are aggravating these problems by threatening violence and war.
	www.natcath.com /NCR_Online/archives/011003/011003m.htm (797 words)

	Foreign Policy -- Democrats
		That is partially a by-product of U.S. preeminence, but some of it is a direct response to the Bush administration’s policies.
		That means understanding the consequences of the Bush administration’s clumsily articulated policy of military preemption—and correcting the policy quickly.
		The Bush administration has demonstrated an unhealthy disregard for the opinions of fellow nations—a disregard that has squandered some of the support we received after the September 11, 2001, attacks and diminished our influence around the world.
	www.foreignpolicy.com /issue_marapr_2003/JLessay.html (1482 words)

	OJPCR 6.1 -- The Bush Doctrine and Just War Theory
		The Bush Administration has crafted an extensively publicized and executed policy response to the events of September 11. The question before us is that response just? This question is complex, for the Bush Administration response integrates principles of justice with a power-based national security strategy.
		In the case of the Bush Doctrine and its inherent linkage of the war on terrorism with a new global strategy based in U.S. strategic dominance, the right intention of the Bush administration is clearly problematic.
		If there exists a profound imbalance in military power, such as is the case now, then the only means of deterring intervention is through the development of weapons mass destruction, in particular nuclear weapons.
	www.trinstitute.org /ojpcr/6_1snau.htm (2538 words)

	asessment of the bush doctrine
		To justify this new direction, the Bush administration is using the terror attacks of 9/11.
		Bush’s delivered his speech on some of these concepts on 2 August 1990, the very day that Iraq annexed Kuwait, so there was little reception and scrutiny of the text.
		While the doctrine of preemption means that the US reequip its armed forces and deploy its bombers across the world in its new bases, the nuclear arsenal of the doctrine of deterrence will remain in play.
	cpim.org /marxist/200203_marxist_bushdoctrine_vprashad.htm (4112 words)

	Democrats.com Archive: Bush Doctrine
		Bush unveiled the new "Bush Doctrine" of foreign relations which overturns a half century of struggle toward global peace initiated by Truman's doctrine of containment and deterrence.
		Bush's scheme is at its heart little better than a wild west script of "shoot first, ask questions later." Anyone perceived as an "enemy" can be blasted with a "preemptive strike." It is an insult to any progressive nation on Earth that has emerged from the war lord mentality.
		Bush is making a lot of noise about a new "Bush Doctrine." The doctrine is as simpleminded as Bush himself - it says Bush can drop bombs anywhere he damn well pleases, and kill as many people as he likes, without any explanation, with YOUR tax dollars.
	elandslide.org /preview.cfm?term=Bush+Doctrine (16207 words)

	International Relations Center \| Policy Report \| A Strategy Foretold
		In 1997, the two authors of this military doctrine of military preeminence and preemptive strikes—Paul Wolfowitz and I. Lewis Libby—were among the 25 signatories of the Statement of Principles of the neoconservative front group called the Project for the New American Century.
		The Bush administration has opted for a security strategy that is aggressive and that prioritizes the use of the military to deliver weapons of mass destruction.
		The military strategists, neoconservative analysts, and military-industrial lobbyists spent the 1990s preparing the strategy of U.S. military preeminence that the Bush administration is now implementing under their direction.
	www.irc-online.org /content/920 (1156 words)

	Has 'Cowboy Diplomacy' Really Ended?
		In the pre-9/11 phase of the Bush presidency, a highly visible preference for the creation of American military superiority was established through such actions as pursuit of national missile defense and the abandonment of the ABM Treaty of 1972.
		According to that perception, the Bush administration was to determine which unpopular regime (or the so-called "rogue states," or regimes belonging to the so-called "axis of evil") would be allowed to stay in power and under what conditions.
		Since no other military power could serve as a deterring force on America's right to judge and change political order in different regions of the world--a la the Soviet Union during the cold war years--only the American version of morality and rule of law were to be its ultimate guiding principles.
	www.motherjones.com /commentary/columns/2006/07/cowboy_diplomacy.html (1594 words)

	Centerfield: What Is The Bush Doctrine?
		It seems to me that the Bush doctrine has shifted from the initial formulation, to the preemption formulation, to a third, vaguely articulated formulation.
		Under Bush there were WMD inspectors on the ground in Iraq and they were ordered out so that Bush could invade.
		However, the entry I've cited seems balanced, initially presenting the Bush doctrine in a positive light, then presenting a section at the end from the perspective of critics.
	www.centristcoalition.com /blog/archives/001854.html (2734 words)

	AEI - Short Publications
		The Bush Doctrine, which is likely to shape U.S. policy for decades to come, reflects the realities of American power as well as the aspirations of American political principles.
		If nothing else, the Bush Doctrine, articulated by the president over the past eighteen months in a series of speeches and encapsulated in the new National Security Strategy paper released in September, represents a reversal of course from Clinton-era policies in regard to the uses of U.S. power and, especially, military force.
		Further, and especially in light of the domestic political reaction to the attacks of September 11, the victory in Afghanistan and the remarkable skill demonstrated by President Bush in focusing national attention, it is equally true that Americans possess the requisite political willpower to pursue an expansive strategy.
	www.aei.org /publications/pubID.15845/pub_detail.asp (2663 words)

	frontline: rumsfeld's war: timeline - the military's struggles & evolution \| PBS
		The lessons the military takes from Vietnam include the need to ensure the American public is behind a war effort and the need to wage a "total war" instead of fighting incremental battles that could lead to a quagmire.
		Weinberger's military aide at the time, Colin Powell, follows through on Weinberger's doctrine when he is chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff during the Gulf War and it becomes known as the Powell Doctrine.
		The lessons the military draws from the Somalia debacle seem to reinforce the Powell Doctrine: The U.S. military should not be primarily responsible for nation-building and in order to retain public support for a mission, civilian leaders need to clearly explain the rationale for using U.S. forces.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/pentagon/etc/cronagon.html (5812 words)

	Outlook for a Second Bush Term
		If environmentalists are dismayed that a second Bush term will see a continuing rollback of American environmental laws and policies, many mainstream economists are shaking their heads at the prospect that Bush’s first-term record-high budget and trade deficits will rise to even more disastrous levels in the next four years.
		As for the Bush doctrine of the pre-emptive strike, many must be wondering whether the second-term Bush team will design new plans (or implement secret existing plans) to strike against more countries.
		Perhaps Bush, with an eye to his place to history, will decide that in contrast to his first-term policies, it is better for America to cooperate with the rest of the world and instead of a bully seeking hegemony.
	www.twnside.org.sg /title2/gtrends33bl.htm (746 words)

	Bush's National Security Strategy, Clinton Redux? \| TPMCafe
		Bush strategy - that's an oxymoron -"represents a return to the foreign policy of Bill Clinton." That'll cause a riot among the republican faithful who've been saying for years that Clinton is the whole reason we're in this mess.
		Bush is racing to a war on Iran, following the EXACT same gameplan he ran on Iraq (probably because he doesn't have the imagination to even change it - and doesn't have to because suckers like Daalder buy it) three years ago.
		Someone like Ivo gives a thoughtful commentary on the evolution in bush strategy, notes some common ground and all he gets is abuse and allegations of pnac lite, which i presume is a slur although much of what pnac did was useful and thoughtful.
	www.tpmcafe.com /node/27907 (2042 words)

	Asia Times - Asia's most trusted news source
		The doctrine was a reflection of a consensus within the military leadership that emerged toward the end of the Vietnam conflict.
		They complained about how the military's judicial oversight arm trained in international law such as the Geneva Conventions was shut out, and politically appointed civilian lawyers were employed in their place to dilute the application of such laws.
		Such an extreme step where military personnel take their case outside the confines of the political leadership, and right into the hands of vociferous opponents of the administration, is telling.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Front_Page/FF09Aa01.html (1479 words)

	"Ancient History": U.S. Conduct in the Middle East Since World War Il and the Folly Of Intervention
		It included military aid, an end to pressure for an Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank, a promise to defend Israel if the Soviet Union went to war against it, and a pledge not to talk to the PLO until it recognized Israel and accepted relevant UN resolutions.
		As the war raged in Lebanon, the Reagan administration's statements were mildly negative, but, at Haig's urging, the administration vetoed a UN Security Council resolu- tion condemning the invasion.(184) Haig was also responsible for the scrapping of a harsh letter to Begin demanding an unconditional Israeli withdrawal.
		Moreover, his administration moved to close PLO offices in Washington and New York, the latter of which was the PLO's UN observer mission, on the grounds that the PLO was a terrorist organization.
	www.cato.org /pubs/pas/pa-159.html (15794 words)

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