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Topic: Bush Doctrine

	The Bush Doctrine
		Since the Bush Doctrine was formulated, the U.S. military has become bogged down in Iraq, the federal budget has gone from massive surplus to massive deficit, international support and respect for America have fallen to new depths, and the President's domestic support—especially for the war in Iraq—has fallen considerably.
		The Bush Doctrine is dying not only because support for it is eroding but because it is failing.
		Podhoretz's determination to support the Bush Doctrine blinds him to any reasonable assessment of it is that he "confess[es] to being puzzled by the amazing spread of the idea that the Bush Doctrine has indeed failed the test of Iraq." I must in turn confess to being puzzled by his puzzlement.
	www.brookings.edu /views/op-ed/gordon/20061201.htm (670 words)

	The Bush Doctrine: What it means
		THE BUSH administration has produced a National Security Strategy document--nicknamed the "Bush Doctrine" by the media--for Congress that goes further than ever before in asserting U.S. military and economic power.
		The Bush Doctrine is the latest version of a strategy drawn up by Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz when he was a little-known Pentagon bureaucrat in the first Bush administration during the 1991 Gulf War against Iraq.
		Confronted by the crisis of the free-market "Washington consensus," the Bush Doctrine aims to solve the problem--by dropping the pretence of consensus.
	www.socialistworker.org /2002-2/424/424_08_BushDoctrine.shtml (1233 words)

	TomPaine.com - The New Bush Doctrine
		While Bush is right when he says what goes on inside other countries is of vital interest to the United States, intervention can only be successful if there are clearly established rules, which in turn require international law and institutions.
		That is precisely the possibility that Bush refuses to acknowledge, and his denial appeals to a significant segment of the American public.
		Bush is right to assert that repressive regimes can no longer hide behind a cloak of sovereignty: What goes on inside tyrannies and failed states is of vital interest to the rest of the world.
	www.tompaine.com /articles/the_new_bush_doctrine.php (893 words)

	The Bush Doctrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		On another level, the Bush Doctrine marks a potentially major shift by arguing not for pre-emptive military strikes (when an attack is imminent) but preventive war.
		Bush is no straw man, he's more like an eager sponge, absorbing this or that idea coming from this or that direction depending on the moment.
		Vague, expansive doctrines have their place when their ambiguity not only keeps one's adversaries on their toes, but also gives American policy makers room to contest the meaning of those doctrines in ways that enhance the practical effectiveness of the doctrine.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/Printable.asp?ID=3652 (5585 words)

	The Claremont Institute: Democracy and the Bush Doctrine
		Bush's appeal, in their words, to "the universality of democracy and human rights" is a watershed moment in the history of American politics, with enormous significance for the Republican Party and the conservative movement.
		Bush's revival of natural or human rights as the foundation of political morality is welcome, and should be taken seriously.
		Bush leaves the impression that "history moves in the direction of justice," and that once Americans were awakened to the Truth, they went with the flow.
	www.claremont.org /writings/crb/winter2004/kesler.html (3878 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: The Bush Doctrine by Jamie Glazov
		And in elaborating the Bush Doctrine senior administration have repeatedly stressed that proactive action is not limited to military action.
		President Bush's decision to go to New York in September and frame the Iraq issue in terms of whether the United Nations would enforce its own resolutions is a case in point.
		Few doubt that the United States has the power to act unilaterally, but the Bush doctrine, both in theory and practice, suggests such pre-emption comes not from braggadocio or a desire to extend imperium, but from fear that multilateral and international efforts are increasingly void of morality and force.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=3652 (5680 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Iraq Occupation Erodes Bush Doctrine
		As a result, Bush doctrine could become the biggest casualty of U.S. intervention in Iraq, which is entering a new phase this week as the United States prepares to hand over power to the new Iraqi government.
		Bush has repeatedly made clear his intent to act alone or with a U.S.-led coalition when the international community balks at confronting perceived threats.
		The most ambitious aspect of Bush doctrine is pressing for political and economic reform in the Islamic world, the last bloc of countries to hold out against the democratic tide that has swept much of the rest of the world.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A10539-2004Jun27?language=printer (2021 words)

	The Consortium
		Bush's speech at West Point on June 1 asserted a unilateral U.S. right to overthrow any government in the world that is deemed a threat to American security, a position so sweeping that it lacks historical precedent.
		When Yugoslavia complied, Bush hailed the move as "a first step toward trying him for the crimes against humanity with which he is charged." Bush's opposition to a permanent war crimes court seems driven by fear that his freedom to wage war around the world might be proscribed by fear of war-crime charges.
		Attempting to justify this extra-constitutional detention, Bush explained that Padilla is a “bad guy” and “he is where he needs to be, detained.” The Bush administration said Padilla would be jailed for as long as the war on terrorism continues, potentially a life sentence given the vague goals and indefinite timetable of this conflict.
	www.consortiumnews.com /2002/062102a.html (3118 words)

	TomPaine.com - Bush's False Doctrine
		Bush’s resumption of diplomatic contact opened the door for our European allies to resume full diplomatic relations with Gaddafi and to send their leaders on state visits, including, within the last six months, Tony Blair, Gerhard Schroeder, and Silvio Berlusconi (twice).
		The Bush administration’s decision not to pursue the terrorist assassination plot prior to Tuesday’s election strongly suggests that the deal that the White House struck with Gadhafi last December went beyond the admitted quid pro quos, to include immunity from American prosecution for the plot to kill Abdullah.
		When President Bush used his January 20th State of the Union address to tout Gadhafi’s pledge to relinquish WMD as evidence that "Because of American leadership and resolve, the world is changing for the better," aspiring weapons proliferators knew better.
	www.tompaine.com /articles/bushs_false_doctrine.php (1923 words)

	Bush Doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bush Doctrine is a marked departure from the policies of deterrence and containment that generally characterized American foreign policy during the Cold War and the decade between the collapse of the Soviet Union and 9/11.
		A doctrine permitting preventive war can be seen as a change from the practice of limiting preemptive strikes to the destruction of specific targets as a means of self-defense, and from focusing on the doctrine of deterrence (for instance, the Cold War policy of mutually assured destruction).
		The Bush Doctrine takes the view that the potential results of the use of a weapon of mass destruction are so grave that preemption is warranted, especially when such weapons could be acquired by hostile armed groups "whose so-called soldiers seek martyrdom in death and whose most potent protection is statelessness".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bush_doctrine (2454 words)

	The arrogance of the Bush Doctrine - Salon
		President Bush's recently announced strategic global doctrine, which for the first time justifies a preemptive U.S. strike against any regime thought to possess weapons of mass destruction, makes a mockery of the war on terrorism.
		Bush's haste to make war on Iraq is understandable only as a ploy to avoid dealing with the struggling U.S. economy, a still-shadowy al-Qaida leadership that has not been brought to heel yet and the alarming disintegration of the Mideast peace process.
		In this way, the Bush doctrine is a supremely dangerous cocktail, an explosive blend of the arrogance of our uniquely powerful post-Cold War military strength laced with a mind-numbing fear of box-cutter-wielding maniacs.
	dir.salon.com /story/news/col/scheer/2002/09/25/doctrine/index.html (786 words)

	America's Age of Empire: The Bush Doctrine
		Bush, having just backed away from unilateralism long enough to deliver a speech to the United Nations, was now telling Congress to give him the power to go to war with Iraq whenever and however he liked.
		But the Bush doctrine is the first to elevate such wars of offense to the status of official policy, and to call "preemptive" (referring to imminent peril) what is actually preventive (referring to longer-term, hypothetical, avoidable peril).
		Like the Bush doctrine, containment was open-ended; unlike the new doctrine, it was predicated on a network of alliances and multinational organizations, of which nato was the most formidable.
	www.motherjones.com /commentary/columns/2003/01/ma_205_01.html (2174 words)

	The Bush Doctrine - CBS News
		Using the religious term, Bush said this is "the calling of our time." And this missionary, idealistic crusade is now the official policy of the United States of America.
		It would have been unthinkable that the George Bush who sought the White House in 2000 would have had what is now the Bush Doctrine as the vital core of his presidency, the sole topic of his second Inaugural Address.
		The Bush of 2000 was hostile to what he called "nation building." He had no diplomatic or international experience.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2005/01/20/opinion/meyer/main668169.shtml (1150 words)

	USATODAY.com - Bush's 'terror doctrine' doesn't fit Palestinians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Bush said Monday that the Palestinian leader's past as a peace negotiator exempts Arafat from the post-Sept. 11 U.S. policy that a country or entity that harbors terrorists will be dealt with as terrorists.
		By exempting Arafat, Bush also made clear to Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon that he will not allow Israel to manipulate the Bush doctrine at will, said Joe Montville, director of the preventive diplomacy program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
		For example, Rice said, the eye-for-an-eye aspects of the Bush doctrine wouldn't apply to Yemen and the Philippines, because the governments are cooperating with the United States "to improve their capability to go after terrorists in their midst."
	www.usatoday.com /news/washington/2002/04/02/bush-doctrine.htm (716 words)

	Rumsfeld Resignation Bodes End of Bush Doctrine - November 9, 2006 - The New York Sun
		WASHINGTON — President Bush's nomination of his father's second director of central intelligence to replace Defense Secretary Rumsfeld is being interpreted by hawks here as a signal of the end of Mr.
		Bush's foreign policy doctrine and of a new willingness to negotiate with America's enemies.
		Bush said the decision was unrelated to the outcome of Tuesday's election.
	www.nysun.com /article/43215 (525 words)

	Crimes of War > Iraq and the "Bush doctrine" of pre-emptive self-defence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		President Bush and Vice Admiral William J Lennox, superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point, stand at attention during the playing of the national anthem at the start of the school's 200th commencement ceremony, June 1, 2002.
		Because of the new threats that the United States faces, it is claimed, a proper understanding of the right of self-defence should now extend to authorizing pre-emptive attacks against potential aggressors, cutting them off before they are able to launch strikes against the US that might be devastating in their scale and scope.
		Benvenisti said he sympathised with the Bush doctrine in one respect – the argument that terrorist groups could not be treated according to the same rules as ordinary states.
	www.crimesofwar.org /expert/bush-intro.html (2135 words)

	The Arabist » The Bush doctrine and Egypt
		At a minimum, if Bush were serious about his liberty doctrine, U.S. aid could be restructured to give less to the Egyptian military and more to domestic civil society and to American nongovernmental organizations involved in democracy promotion.
		I mean, the Monroe Doctrine (originally America’s refusal to let Europeans colonize Latin America, later the perpetuation of America’s dominance over Latin America that Chavez is now prying apart) lasted about 180 years before it started falling apart under Bush’s guard.
		His own doctrine — at least the part about democratizing the Middle East, since the part about unilateralism seems to have already died — never even got off the ground.
	arabist.net /archives/2006/07/03/the-bush-doctrine-and-egypt (1342 words)

	PERRspectives Blog: The Myth of the Bush Doctrine
		For conservatives, the Bush Doctrine is the Rorschach Test as foreign policy paradigm; apparently, it is whatever you see in it.
		Democracy was absent from Bush’s September 12, 2002 address to the UN and his October 7, 2002 Iraq war justification in Cincinnati.
		John Negroponte, Bush’s nominee for the post of National Intelligence Director, was clearly an adherent, turning a blind eye to Honduran death squads while serving as American ambassador there in the early 1980’s.
	www.perrspectives.com /blog/archives/000128.htm (1884 words)

	frontline: the war behind closed doors: chronology - the evolution of the bush doctrine \| PBS
		Bush's State of the Union address introduces the idea of an "axis of evil" that includes Iraq, Iran, and North Korea, and signals the U.S. will act preemptively to deal with such nations.
		As Bush leaves for an August vacation in Crawford, Texas, he agrees to take his case to the U.N. and asks his advisers to start preparing the speech.
		In the United Nations speech, Bush seems to be siding with Powell in calling for a new U.N. resolution on Iraq.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/iraq/etc/cron.html (2216 words)

	THE BUSH DOCTRINE
		The Bush Doctrine was not an advocacy of a clash of civilizations or a Western crusade against Islam.
		What is astonishing is that the Bush administration advocated a Palestinian state at precisely the time when much of the Arab press was stinging the United States with angry and inciteful language while American public opinion toward Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the Palestinians showed incredibly sharp declines in approval.
		As the Bush Doctrine became operative, coalition-building and multilateral cooperation were encouraged by a combination of need and justification.
	meria.idc.ac.il /journal/2002/issue2/jv6n2a5.html (4355 words)

	Is the Bush Doctrine Tenable
		However, the test run of the Bush Doctrine is only now unfolding in its vast implications and consequences, and a handful of extremely significant problems remain with little hint of how they will be resolved.
		If the Bush Doctrine, which is ostensibly motivated by a desire to aggressively eliminate threatening WMD does not have a method to contain those weapons once action is taken, the policy becomes a reckless endangerment of America’s citizens and interests, rather than a staunch defense of them.
		Again, the Bush Doctrine plays well to American pride, but for the next election Americans might have to soul-search in order to decide whether clinging to pride is worth the risk.
	www.opednews.com /Lee_is_the_bush_doctrine_tenable.htm (1945 words)

	The Bush Doctrine
		President Bush's actions in Iraq seemingly were based on a new defense strategy document titled "The National Security Strategy of the United States of America." The administration released this document to the public in September 2002.
		The Bush Doctrine identifies methods to achieve its aims such as establishing new military bases in the world, developing defense technology, and expanding intelligence gathering.
		The Bush Doctrine favors the United States acting in cooperation with allies and international institutions like the U.N. to deal with threats to world peace.
	www.crf-usa.org /bria/bria19_3c.htm (2473 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner - The dangerous Bush Doctrine - Sunday \| February 23, 2003
		It was not said by any European politician opposed to the Bush Doctrine, which sanctions the use of pre-emptive force and "preventive attack" against any state deemed a threat to the United States.
		It is a most dangerous doctrine and one which threatens to plunge the world into chaos and anarchy, and is a doctrine which repudiates every principle of international law and civilised behaviour.
		This Doctrine, which proclaims the right of the United States to intervene in any country it deems a threat, is one which can be used by any country to intervene in the sovereign affairs of any other state it subjectively deems a threat.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20030223/focus/focus1.html (1865 words)

	CSP: The Bush Doctrine is a Failure
		Simply put, the Bush Doctrine discarded the post-WWII ideal of international cooperation and replaced it with an America-first, might-makes-right unilateralism founded on the fl and white premise that every argument has two sides: the American side (the right side) and the Enemy's side.
		Bush christened his policy (thought by most to have been dreamed up by Cheney, Rumsfeld and their neocon posse) with these words: "Every nation, in every region, now has a decision to make.
		The esteem in which the U.S. is held by the rest of the world, which was at its modern zenith after 9/11, sunk to its arguably lowest point since such things have been measured in 2003 and 2004, thanks in large part to the Bush Doctrine.
	www.clarkschpiell.com /home/bush_doctrine_failure.shtml (842 words)

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